scholarly journals Awareness of the population in Russian Federation about iodine deficiency, its effects and methods for prevention of iodine deficiency disorders.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr A. Terekhov ◽  
Anastasia A. Rybakova ◽  
Maria A. Terekhova ◽  
Ekaterina A. Troshina
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Functional Autonomy

Background: Throughout all territory of Russian Federation has been confirmed absence of iodine deficiency of varying severity. Chronic iodine deficiency leads to irreversible defects in the intellectual and physical development of children, thyroid gland diseases, including such severe manifestations as functional autonomy and iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis and reproductive disorders. Aims: To assess the awareness of Russians about the effect of iodine deficiency on health and the need to use iodized salt in food. Materials and methods: During November 2019 we conducted an anonymous online survey about iodine deficiency and methods of its prevention. The participants of this survey were 9309 Russians of different age categories. Weasked each respondent six questions regarding their knowledge about the importance of iodine for the body and its supply sources. This study is one-staged, uncontrolled, full-designed, and conducted using Google Forms (Google LLC, 2019). As a result, we summarized data on the awareness of Russians about iodine deficiency disorders and methods for its prevention. Results: 60.4% of respondents is using iodized salt, while the number of respondents who consider prevention with iodized salt to be unhealthy (or have lack knowledge of its effects) is related to the number of respondents who do not use iodized salt. We get that in Volga region only 50% of population is using iodized salt (the lowest level), while 62.83% of the European South inhabitants is using iodized salt. In the rest of Russian Federation, this indicator varies from 52 to 57%. There is a low awareness of the population about prevention of iodine deficiency disorders and as a result myth about the dangers of universal salt iodization are widespread in Russian Federation. Conclusions: Awareness of Russians about prevention of iodine deficiency disorders still remains at a low level, and it is directly affecting the success of ongoing prevention programs.

scholarly journals Iodine Content of Salt Use after Years of Universal Iodization Policy and Knowledge on Iodized Salt among Households in the Sissala East Municipality in Upper West Region of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Prince Kubi Appiah ◽  
Clement Tiimim Yanbom ◽  
Martin Amogre Ayanore ◽  
Alex Bapula
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Salt Iodization

Background. Iodine deficiency is a global public health concern as it leads to inadequate production of thyroid hormone in the body, causing too many destructive consequences on the roles and functions of different human organs and muscles including brain growth and can manifest into many damaging effects such as intestinal cerebral impedance, cancer of intestine, breast disorders, and physical deformities like goitre and cretinism to one’s body. Despite all these negative effects, there are several important public health programs including universal salt iodization (USI) to improve on households’ iodine intake, notwithstanding this, countless families are still eating foods containing less iodine or no iodine at all. Hence, this study examined the intake of iodized salt after years of universal salt iodization and the knowledge on iodized salt among households in the Sissala East Municipality. Method. A descriptive cross-sectional study was adopted to collect data for the study. Data were collected from women in charge of household meal preparation using a semistructured questionnaire and rapid field iodine test kits. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for the data analysis and presented in tables and graphs. p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Findings. Only 41.4% of the households have good knowledge on benefits of iodized salt and dangers associated with iodine deficiency. It was realized that the health workers (46.6%) and television were the main sources of information on iodized salt. Household salt usage with adequate (>15 ppm) levels of iodine was 44.0%; however 85.9% of the salts were stored in covered containers. The study showed significant associations between knowledge on iodized salt and educational level (p≤0.001), occupation (p=0.043), religion (p=0.027), and ethnic lineage (p=0.046). Also, the use of iodized salt showed associations with the educational level (p≤0.001), occupation (p=0.003), religion (p=0.042), and knowledge on iodized salt (p≤0.001). Conclusions. Only about 4 in 10 households were consuming salt with adequate iodine, and this coverage is very low compared with the 90% or more coverage recommended by WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD. Having secondary and tertiary education and having good knowledge of iodized salt has a great influence on the use of iodized salt; however, with this low level of knowledge of importance of iodized salt among women responsible for house food preparations, there is the need for health professionals to intensify education and promotion on iodized salt in the area and to monitor and verify iodine content of salts produced and sold in the market all times, as the source of the salt might have contributed to the low levels of iodine in the household salt.

scholarly journals Prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders and effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis among the population of reproductive age living in Saint Petersburg

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
D. E. Soboleva ◽  
S. V. Dora ◽  
A. R. Volkova ◽  
E. A. Ter-Oganesyants
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Iodine Prophylaxis ◽  
The Russian Federation

The purpose of the study is the assessment of iodine status and effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis among the population of reproductive age. In this regard, we examined 200 individuals from 18 up to 44 years old living in Saint Petersburg for more than 3 years permanently. Most of the examined individuals had mild iodine deficiency, less than half of people of reproductive age (46 %) used iodized salt at home. Goiter was found by palpation in 8 % of participants. More than half of the surveyed individuals are women of reproductive age who are at risk for the development of iodine deficiency disorders. Our data reflect an unfavorable situation in fight against iodine deficiency disorders in Saint Petersburg. Probably, the voluntary model of using iodized salt as the prevention of iodine deficiency in the Russian Federation is not effective enough.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of People in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, with Regard to Iodine-Deficiency Disorders and Iodized Salt

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Yamada ◽  
D. Oyunchimeg ◽  
T. Igari ◽  
D. Buttumur ◽  
M. Oyunbileg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Salt Iodization

In 1995 Mongolia introduced a national programme of salt iodization to eliminate iodine-deficiency disorders. To investigate the extent of acceptability and utilization of iodized salt, a study of people's knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) was carried out in the capital city, Ulaanbaatar, in 1996 and 1997. A total of 838 people (housewives, parents of schoolchildren, post-partum women, and pregnant women) were interviewed about their KAP regarding iodine-deficiency disorders and iodized salt. In addition, the amount of salt consumption at the household level was examined. Over 95% of the study population knew about iodine-deficiency disorders and iodized salt, and most of them received the information from television and radio. About 90% of them had already used iodized salt. The price of iodized salt is a little higher than that of common salt, but it is still affordable for most people. This study demonstrates the possibility of the expansion of the programme nationwide.

scholarly journals The analytical review of monitoring of the basic epidemiological characteristics of iodine deficiency disorders among the population of the Russian Federation for the period 2009—2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
Nadezhda M. Platonova ◽  
Elena A. Panfilova ◽  
Konstantin O. Panfilov
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Form

Background. In the Russian Federation (RF), the problem of iodine deficiency(ID) remains in. Major ongoing events are regional program. In our opinion it is necessary to evaluate their effectiveness and suggestions for improvements of preventive measures if necessary. Aims — to analyze the dynamics of the main epidemiological indicators of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in children, adolescents and adults population of the RF, sing the figures in the statistical form № 63 «Information on diseases related to micronutrient deficiency» and the statistical form №12 «Data on number of diseases registered at patients, living in area of medical service of medical institutions» (retrospective study), to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive measures for elimination of ID and formulate possible solutions. Material and methods. It have been analyzed the main epidemiological indicators of IDD among children (0—14 years), adolescents (15—17 years) and adult (18 and older) population of the RF for the period 2009—2015. For the assessment of the key epidemiological indicators was constructed a linear regression model, calculated the slope of the trend line (k-factor; a quantitative expression of the dynamics of prevalence/incidence), using Student’s t-test assessed the significance of k: were considered reliable (presence of speakers) at the level of p value p<0.05. Data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010, R (version 3.2.3). Results. Latest analytical data on the prevalence and incidence of IDD has shown that despite preventive actions, the problem IDD is still remaining, as evidenced by the increase in the prevalence and incidence of IDD. The downward trend in the prevalence and incidence of some IDD is likely to be associated with the implementation of regional programs for the prevention of IDD. Also challenges and successes in managing ID in RF highlighted, given some normative-legal acts related to salt iodization. Conclusions. Formulate practical proposals to improve preventive measures to prevent the development of IDD.

scholarly journals The analytical review of monitoring of the basic epidemiological characteristics of iodine deficiency disorders among the population of the Russian Federation for the period 2009—2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
Nadezhda M. Platonova ◽  
Elena A. Panfilova ◽  
Konstantin O. Panfilov
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Form

Background. In the Russian Federation (RF), the problem of iodine deficiency(ID) remains in. Major ongoing events are regional program. In our opinion it is necessary to evaluate their effectiveness and suggestions for improvements of preventive measures if necessary. Aims — to analyze the dynamics of the main epidemiological indicators of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in children, adolescents and adults population of the RF, sing the figures in the statistical form № 63 «Information on diseases related to micronutrient deficiency» and the statistical form №12 «Data on number of diseases registered at patients, living in area of medical service of medical institutions» (retrospective study), to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive measures for elimination of ID and formulate possible solutions. Material and methods. It have been analyzed the main epidemiological indicators of IDD among children (0—14 years), adolescents (15—17 years) and adult (18 and older) population of the RF for the period 2009—2015. For the assessment of the key epidemiological indicators was constructed a linear regression model, calculated the slope of the trend line (k-factor; a quantitative expression of the dynamics of prevalence/incidence), using Student’s t-test assessed the significance of k: were considered reliable (presence of speakers) at the level of p value p<0.05. Data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010, R (version 3.2.3). Results. Latest analytical data on the prevalence and incidence of IDD has shown that despite preventive actions, the problem IDD is still remaining, as evidenced by the increase in the prevalence and incidence of IDD. The downward trend in the prevalence and incidence of some IDD is likely to be associated with the implementation of regional programs for the prevention of IDD. Also challenges and successes in managing ID in RF highlighted, given some normative-legal acts related to salt iodization. Conclusions. Formulate practical proposals to improve preventive measures to prevent the development of IDD.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF STATUS OF SALT IODIZATION AND COMMUNITY AWARENESS REGARDING USE AND AVAILABILITY OF IODIZED SALT IN DISTRICT SWAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Qaribullah ◽  
Alam Zeb ◽  
Khurshid Ahmad ◽  
Rab Nawaz ◽  
Iftikhar ud Din
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Size Data

The effect of Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) ranges from stillbirth to reductions in IQ according to thelevel of iodine deficiency and is effectively preventable by the use of iodized salt. Globally it affects 2 billionpeople, mostly in mountainous areas. Northern areas of Pakistan are highly endemic for IDD. Swat was thefirst district to introduce salt iodization in the private sector, in 1993.Objectives: Objectives of this descriptive study is to assess the present status of iodized salt in District Swatwith regard to availability, usage and awareness of the inhabitant of the household about the benefits ofiodized salt.Material & Methods: Duration of study:3 months. Sample size: data was collected by a pretestedquestionnaire, separately designed for shops, houses and salt factories, from all salt producing factories inthe area and stratified randomized technique was used for50 shops & 240 houses of the area, with equal halfwere taken from rural & urban areas.Result: Result of cumulative use of iodized salt 90 %, availability is 90 % & production is 89 % . The overallawareness about the use of iodized salt benefits is 39.2 %, more in urban (45 %) areas as compare to ruralareas (33.3 %).KEYWORDS: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), iodized salt, USI (universal salt iodization)

scholarly journals Iodized salt at households and retail shops in a rural community of Northern India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Srivastava ◽  
Kapil Yadav ◽  
Ravi P Upadhyay ◽  
Vijay Silan ◽  
Smita Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Salt Iodization

Iodine is an essential micronutrient for humans but its deficiency can cause public health problems. The objective of this study was to estimate the consumption of adequately iodized salt on a household level, and to study the availability, procurement, storage, cost, and knowledge regarding iodized salt and iodine deficiency disorders amongst retail shopkeepers from the Ballabgarh block of Haryana in Northern India. This rural area was the location used for a community-based cross-sectional study by simple random sampling. Salt samples were collected from 363 selected households (out of the calculated 400 household samples) and all the retail shops (233) in the study area. Salt was tested using an iodometric titration method at the Indian Coalition for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) laboratory in New Delhi. Retail shopkeepers were also interviewed regarding their knowledge and practices. Adequately iodized salt (?15 parts per million) was consumed in 65.2% of the households, while 17.3%, of the residents were consuming salt with no iodine added (0-5ppm). Adequately iodized salt was sold by 76.3% of the retail establishments, while 12.3% were selling salt without any added iodine (0-5ppm). About 84% of the shopkeepers were aware that they are selling iodized salt. It was reported by 94% of the retail shopkeepers that iodized salt is necessary for good health but none of them could identify all the iodine deficiency disorders. Effective strategies are required to educate both consumers and suppliers to achieve Universal Salt Iodization at household level.South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 18-23 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15256

Diffuse euthyroid goiter. The algorithms of treatment and prophylaxis with iodine preparations. A lecture

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A Troshina
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Diffuse Goiter ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Deficiency Diseases

Iodine deficiency is known to be a major cause leading to the development of diffuse goiter. The available data indicate the existence of natural iodine deficiency over the entire territory of the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, there is up to now no legislative regulation of prophylaxis of iodine-deficiency diseases in the country by means of universal table salt iodization. Iodine-deficiency disorders are believed to currently affect 10-15% and 13-35% of the urban and rural populations of Rus- sia respectively. Calcium iodide preparations are widely applied to treat and prevent diffuse goiter in the patients including children, pregnant and breast-feeding women.

Virtual Elimination of Iodine-Deficiency Disorders Achieved in Nine Counties of Jiangsu Province, China

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinkou Zhao ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Jun Ge ◽  
Qinlan Zhang ◽  
Xiping Huan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Salt Iodization

To assess the iodine-deficiency disorder status in nine counties of Jiangsu Province, China, where salt iodization was initiated in 1985, a special verification survey was conducted in 1997 by a provincial multisectoral team. Results obtained by regular monitoring of counties indicated that the goitre rate in schoolchildren had progressively decreased from 41.9% in 1983 to 3.9% in 1997, while the median urinary iodine concentrations of the population had remained above 100 μg/L since 1985. More than 90% of the edible salt supplied to households had been iodized at ≥ 20 mg I/kg during the previous five years. The data obtained by provincial verification confirmed the county findings of ≥ 90% adequate iodized salt in households, < 5% goitre rate in schoolchildren, and adequate urinary iodine excretions. The provincial team also considered the established mechanisms for salt iodization and supply and iodine information management potentially sustainable. The high variability of the iodine content of household salt indicates that improved quality assurance of iodized salt at production and continued monitoring of population iodine indicators are needed.

Study of Urinary Iodine Level Assessment and its Relation to Thyroid Function during Pregnancy

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Shoukry Mohamed ◽  
Merhan Samy Nasr ◽  
Salah Hussien El-Halawany ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Abbas ◽  
Salma Said Hassan Tayeh
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Iodine Excess ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Excess Iodine ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Iodine Level

Abstract Background The global effort to prevent iodine deficiency disorders through iodine supplementation, such as universal salt iodization, has achieved impressive progress during the last few decades. However, iodine excess, due to extensive environmental iodine exposure in addition to poor monitoring, is currently a more frequent occurrence than iodine deficiency. Iodine excess is a precipitating environmental factor in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease. Aim of the study to evaluate the urinary iodine level as a marker of iodine status in pregnant women in 3rd trimester and assess its relation to thyroid functions. Patients and Methods This Cross Sectional Study was conducted on 100 subjects with their ages ranging from 18-35 years old, pregnant females, at the third trimester, selected from Obstetric Out- patient Clinic of Ain shams University Hospitals. Samples were collected from participants in cairo, during the Spring and Summer from March to August. Results in our study, there was a significant negative correlation between Urinary Iodine level and TSH as Iodine difficient group has the Highest TSH, and the Highest Thyroid Volume, as there was a significant negative correlation between Urinary Iodine level and Thyroid Volume. Conclusion TSH level and Thyroid Volume were global effort to prevent iodine deficiency disorders through iodine supplementation, such as universal salt iodization, has achieved impressive progress during the last few decades. However, iodine excess, due to extensive environmental iodine exposure in addition to significantly higher in Iodine difficient group than Excess iodine group, And FT4 level was lower in Iodine difficient group than excess iodine group.

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