Spironolactone therapeutic effect in the hyperandrogenism syndrome

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ye. Shilin ◽  
I. I. Dedov ◽  
Ye. A. Grigoryeva
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cosmetic Problem ◽  
Antiandrogenic Therapy

Hyperandrogenism syndrome, the main manifestations of which are pathological hirsutism, acne, oily seborrhea, androgenic alopecia, accompanies a wide range of diseases of the female reproductive system, manifested by various disorders of menstrual function and infertility. Isolated hirsutism is also a serious psychological and cosmetic problem, especially since almost one in ten women of reproductive age have excessive hair growth. To get rid of "excess" hair, women use various methods. However, in severe manifestations of hyperandrogenism or in the case of severe and moderate hirsutism, it is advisable to use systemic antiandrogenic therapy.

scholarly journals Role of husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives for unmet need of family planning among married women of reproductive age in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Asif ◽  
Zahid Pervaiz ◽  
Jawad Rahim Afridi ◽  
Ghulam Abid ◽  
Zohra S. Lassi
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Family Planning Programs ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Family planning services deliver a wide range of benefits to the well-being of females and the community. It can curtail the risk of maternal and neonatal mortality through the reduction in abortions and pregnancies. The government of Pakistan has been struggling to convince people about the usefulness of family planning programs. However, different factors related to social norms, values, and culture are important to determine the success of these programs. One such factor is the patriarchal structure of Pakistani society where most of the household decisions are made by men. The objective of this research is to examine the role of the husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives for the unmet need of family planning (UMNFP) among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in Pakistan. Method The dataset of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18 is utilized to examine the role of the husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives in UMNFP among MWRA in Pakistan. Results The UMNFP was considerably lower among MWRA between 40 years and above compared to women 15–19 years. The odds of UMNFP were higher among women and men who were educated up to the primary level compared to those with no education. Odds of UMNFP were higher among women from the poor wealth quintile compared to the poorest wealth quintile; similarly, it was significantly lower among women who were from the richer and the richest wealth quintile compared to the poorest wealth quintile. The odds of UMNFP were lower among women who were employed compared to those who were not employed. Lastly, the odds of UMNFP were higher among women whose husbands opposed to using contraceptives, who perceived that there was a religious prohibition for such use and when a decision on the contraception use was solely made by the husband. Conclusions Husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives is an important predictor of UMNFP. Liaising with the community and religious leaders to persuade people particularly men about the usefulness of family planning programs and encouraging men to understand their women’s say in using contraceptives should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Double Burden of Malnutrition among Chinese Women of Reproductive Age and Their Social Determinants

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3102
Author(s):  
Jingqi Song ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Wafaie Fawzi ◽  
Yangmu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to examine the impact of a wide range of demographic, socioeconomic, and community factors on the double burden of malnutrition among women of reproductive age using longitudinal data. We used data about 11,348 women of reproductive age who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), a longitudinal survey, between 1989 and 2015. Nutritional outcomes were categorized into four groups, namely underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity, with normal weight as reference. A multinomial logit model was fitted due to geographic clustering and repeated observations of individuals. The prevalence of underweight decreased over time from 1991 but has tended to rise again since 2004, while the prevalence of overweight/obesity continued to rise between 1991 and 2015. Improved individual factors, socioeconomic status, and community urbanization reduced the risk of underweight but elevated the risk of overweight and obesity. The medium levels, rather than the highest levels, of household income and community urbanization are associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity. The notable increase in underweight prevalence is a cause for concern to be addressed along with efforts to curb the rising tide of overweight. In order to enhance the nutritional status of women of reproductive age, it is essential to improving the community environment, levels of education, and living environment from a wider context. Long-term and targeted plans are urgently needed for nutrition improvements among the different populations.

Features of metabolic and hormonal abnormalities in women with metabolic syndrome at the stage pregrada

2017 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
O.A. Dyndar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Number Of Components

The problem of obesity and metabolic syndrome among the female population of Ukraine is extremely important, given the current trend toward increasing age of realization of reproductive function,. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among women of reproductive age is 6–35%, fertility problems are found in 30-35% of women. The objective: to study the characteristics of metabolic disorders and hormonal condition of the reproductive system in women with obesity and the metabolic syndrome on pregravidarity stage depending on the body mass index and severity of metabolic syndrome. Patients and methods. We examined a total of 124 women with obesity and metabolic syndrome that appealed on pregravidar stage and 53 women who had no history of somatic and gynecological pathology. Antropometric studies, determination of blood pressure, examination of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, evaluation of the endocrine status of the reproductive system, ultrasound examination of small pelvis organs were done. Results. In women of reproductive age, we observed increase of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and decrease high-density lipoproteins, with a predominance of IIb and IV types of dyslipidemia. Insulin resistance was diagnosed in 28.3% of women And 47.4% – II and in 69.7% with III degree of obesity. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 79.2% of patients with obesity of I, in 94.7% – II 100% III. The number of components of metabolic syndrome correlate directly proportional to the severity of obesity. The index of fertility with III degree of obesity increased to 2.7, hypoestrogenia marked with And hyperestrogenia from 50.7% of women in II and III degree of obesity, progesterona failure identified at 66.9%, hyperandrogenism in 58.8%, reduced sex-binding globulin in 83.0% of the observations. Conclusion. Pathological changes of the hormonal status of the female reproductive system on prepregnansy stage is directly proportional to depend on the body mass index number of components of metabolic syndrome and dysmetabolic disorders. Key words: obesity, metabolic syndrome, pregnancy planning.

A modern view on the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the adhesive process of the pelvic organs in women of reproductive age

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
T.G. Romanenko ◽  
◽  
P.F. Shaganov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Collagen Formation ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Wide Range

The article presents a review of the literature in recent years on the problem of peritoneal pelvic adhesions in women of reproductive age. The main issues of etiology and pathogenesis of peritoneal pelvic adhesions as one of the leading causes of reproductive dysfunction, chronic pelvic pain and surgical complications in patients of reproductive age are highlighted. It has been shown that the main etiological preconditions for formation of adhesions and the development of adhesive intestinal obstruction are a peritoneal injury, intraabdominal bleeding, presence of infection, influence of various aggressive substances, local antibiotic therapy, and regional tissue ischemia. Peritoneal commissures have high health and social significance due to a wide range of surgical procedures causing peritoneal trauma and to a high frequency of adhesive process. Pelvic adhesion is a dynamic differentiated cell vascularized structure. Development of an active inflammatory process, which involving cells and proinflammatory mediators may be into a stage of tissue remodeling, collagen formation, that is the initial symptoms of adhesions. A vicious circle and a cascade of mutually supporting changes leads to adhesive disease and patients’ disability. Whatever reasons of adhesions are, ones are a major cause of pelvic pain, infertility and ovarian failure. Though the researches of the pathophysiological mechanisms of growth of adhesions are going on the attempts to determine effective methods to prevent adhesions do not rule to expected results. Keywords: peritoneal adhesions, adhesive disease, etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, treatment, reproductive age.

Bioregulatory opportunities of Viburkol and Limphomiozot medicines in obstetries and gynecology

2016 ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
O. Ostapenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Favorable Safety

Modern obstetrics and gynecology use a wide range of medicines (drugs) when accompanied by pregnancy and childbirth (miscarriage, discoordination labor, labor pain relief), diseases of the female reproductive system (inflammation, dishormonal disorders, etc.). Among the traditional drugs most widely used antibiotics, NSAIDs, analgesics, antispasmodics, hormones. These drugs, along with the achievement of rapid and pronounced therapeutic effects cause different side effects, and have a number of contra-indications (diseases of the liver, the pancreas, the risk of thrombosis, the development of immunodeficiency, etc.) [12]. In this regard, special attention and care requires the use of drugs in pregnant women and nursing mothers. Also relevant is the increase of efficiency of treatment of many gynecological diseases. All these and many other factors encourage to search for new – more effective and safer treatment approaches and drugs, including pathogenesis [12,22]. The review presents brief characteristics and clinical researches on the use and integrated bioregulatory approach through the use of complex combination bioregulatory medicines (CBM) Viburkol, Limphomiozot, Limphomiozot N in obstetrics and in various diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system [1–3]. The research results show that the inclusion of one or more of the CBM in the traditional treatment help reduce the duration of therapy, a decrease in some side effects, and in some cases rejection of it. In addition, they do not burden for opportunistic diseases, tolerated well and have a favorable safety profile, can be used during pregnancy and lactation [4–22]. Key words: Viburkol, Limphomiozot, Limphomiozot N, bioregulatory approach, combination bioregulatory medicines, obstetrics, gynecology, diseases of the female reproductive system.

scholarly journals Squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix: a modern view of etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Anna B. Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Progression Markers ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix are one of the most common pathologies of the female reproductive system, mainly affecting patients of reproductive age. The progression of this pathology can result in the development of cervical cancer. As a rule, cervical cancer does not occur immediately, but develops over a long period of time, going through a series of stages. Dynamic monitoring and identification of squamous intraepithelial lesions progression markers are necessary to prevent the development of cervical cancer. The article presents current data on the etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of this pathology.

scholarly journals Trends and Determinants of Attitudes Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS Among Women of Reproductive Age in Tajikistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakim Zainiddinov
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Aids Prevention ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Despite having one of lowest rates of newly diagnosed HIV infections among former Soviet countries, Tajikistan has a substantial level of discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). While initial attempts were made to explore discriminatory attitudes of a wide range of professionals, women’s general attitudes towards PLWHA received less scholarly attention. Employing a nationally representative sample from the 2000 and 2005 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), sociodemographic determinants of HIV-related discriminatory attitudes of women aged 15-49 in Tajikistan were identified and examined over time.Methods:  A representative sample included 5,453 women of reproductive age from the capital city and four regions of Tajikistan. Two dichotomized scenarios  representing the agreement to let an HIV-infected teacher continue teaching in school and the willingness to buy food from an HIV-infected cashier were constructed. Univariate and multivariable analyses of HIV-related discriminatory attitudes were obtained using Stata 14.Results: Insignificant but positive changes were observed in the women’s attitudes between 2000 and 2005. Logistic regression models showed that negative attitudes were associated with the lack of knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention methods, endorsement of HIV/AIDS transmission misconceptions, and never having been tested for HIV (p≤0.001). Women living in the rural areas, married, with lower education, and from low income households were less tolerant towards PLWHA.Conclusions: The data from Tajikistan underscore the persistence of HIV-related discriminatory attitudes among low socioeconomic status women. The study findings can be potentially used to target the disadvantaged groups and guide the design and implementation of programs that promote voluntary HIV-testing, raise awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention methods, and help dispel transmission misconceptions.

scholarly journals Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age: An Overview of Global Burden, Trends, Determinants, and Drivers of Progress in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2745
Author(s):  
Aatekah Owais ◽  
Catherine Merritt ◽  
Christopher Lee ◽  
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Relatively little progress has been made in reducing anemia prevalence among women of reproductive age (WRA anemia). Interventions, policies and programs aimed at reducing WRA anemia have the potential to improve overall not only women’s, but also children’s health and nutrition outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first review that aimed to compile evidence on the determinants and drivers of WRA anemia reduction in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We synthesized the available evidence on the determinants and drivers, including government policies and programs, of WRA anemia and their mitigation strategies across a wide range of countries and geographies, thus contributing to the complex and multifactorial etiology of anemia. We carried out a systematic review of published peer-reviewed and grey literature assessing national or subnational decline in WRA anemia prevalence and the associated drivers in LMICs. Among the 21 studies meeting our inclusion criteria, proximal determinants of healthcare utilization, especially during pregnancy and with the use of contraceptives, were strong drivers of WRA anemia reduction. Changes in other maternal characteristics, such as an increase in age at first pregnancy, BMI, birth spacing, and reduction in parity, were associated with modest improvements in anemia prevalence. Access to fortified foods, especially iron-fortified flour, was also a predictor of a decrease in WRA anemia. Of the intermediate determinants, an increase in household wealth, educational attainment and access to improved sanitation contributed significantly to WRA anemia reduction. Although several common determinants emerged at the proximal and intermediate levels, the set of anemia determinants and the strength of the association between each driver and WRA anemia reduction were unique in each setting included in this review. Further research is needed to provide targeted recommendations for each country and region where WRA anemia prevalence remains high.

scholarly journals Infertility: A case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
Almond Kamei ◽  
Nasima Laskar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Nursing Management ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Vital Part

Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. It affects millions of people of reproductive age worldwide. Fertility care encompasses the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infertility. It is vital part of the nurse to offer psychological support to the couple and provide nursing Management based on the priority.

scholarly journals Significance of the pineal gland hormone melatonin in maintaining the health of women of reproductive age (a review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
M. V. Danilova ◽  
E. N. Usoltseva
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Night Shifts

Introduction. Maintaining women's reproductive health is an important task that requires safe approaches based on the pathogenesis. More and more studies address the role of the pineal gland (epiphysis) hormone melatonin (МТ) in the functioning of the reproductive system, as well as the impact of МТ deficiency on the women’s health.Aim: to analyze and summarize the available literature about the role of the pineal gland hormone МТ in the pathogenesis of gynecological diseases in women of reproductive age (infertility, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, premenstrual syndrome), and also about the impact of МТ deficiency on the health of women working night shifts.Materials and methods. The relevant publications were searched in domestic (eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru) and international (Pubmed, Cochrane Library) databases; we looked up the materials published in the recent 7 years. In our search, we prioritized the free access to full text articles. The selection of sources was limited to the period from 2012 to 2019.Results. МТ is involved in the development of follicles by causing the oocytes maturation, promoting the development of embryos, inhibiting the synthesis of steroids in the ovaries and, therefore, reducing the level of steroids in the blood. MT delays ovarian aging through a variety of mechanisms, including the antioxidant action, the maintenance of the due length of the telomere, the upregulated expression of the aging-related SIRT genes, and also the regulation of the ribosome functioning. As MT protects germ cells from oxidative stress, it is essential for normal ovulation, fertilization and further development of the embryo; this hormone has an impact on the duration of the woman's fertility and the onset of menopause. MT has a potential therapeutic effect on endometriosis. The oncostatic role of MT in hormone-dependent breast tumors has been described. Disruption of normal MT production during night shifts is associated with the risk of developing breast cancer in shift workers. MT deficiency leads to circadian desynchronosis and may cause both somatic disorders (metabolic syndrome, obesity, oncopathology) and neuroendocrine dysregulation of the female reproductive system.Conclusion. The variety of physiological functions of the pineal gland hormone MT emphasizes the pathogenetic role of its deficiency in many gynecological and somatic diseases. Of particular relevance is the increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, the development of metabolic syndrome and breast cancer in women who work night shifts. Therefore, it is important both to maintain normal endogenous level of MT and also use its therapeutic potential to maintain the health of women of reproductive age.

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