scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and toxicity of Crambe abyssinica Hochst extracts on Solanum lycopersicum L., Euphorbia heterophylla L., Bidens pilosa L. and Glycine max (L.) Merril

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Spiassi ◽  
Andréa Maria Teixeira Fortes ◽  
Luciana Pagliosa Carvalho Guedes ◽  
Gislaine Piccolo de Lima ◽  
Rennan Oliveira Meira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

This study aimed to identify the main groups of secondary compounds from Crambe abyssinica and evaluate the bioactivity of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts on the seed germination and seedling development of tomato, wild poinsettia, hairy beggartick and soybean. The phytochemical screening considered the presence or absence of total saponins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, phenols and alkaloids. In the seeds it was evaluated: germination percentage, germination velocity index, average germination time, index of allelopathic effects, shoot and root length and seedlings dry matter. In the phytochemical screening it was observed that each solvent extracted different compounds. Flavonoids were found only in the ethyl acetate extract and saponin only in the methanol extract. A high allelopathic effect of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of crambe on the bio-indicator species tomato was observed. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts also showed inhibitory effect on the weed hairy beggartick and did not present negative effects on soybean. There is the possibility of isolating the bio-active compounds of crambe and use them as a bio-herbicide to the alternative control of the weed hairy beggartick.

scholarly journals Allelopathy of aqueous Pachyrhizus erosus L. extracts on Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Jaqueline de Araujo Barbosa ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Adriana Cologni Salvalaggio ◽  
Neumárcio Vilanova da Costa ◽  
Márcia de Moraes Echer
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pachyrhizus Erosus ◽  
Dry Biomass

ABSTRACT Allelopathy contributes to the sustainable management of weeds in growing areas, due to its ability to inhibit the development of weed species. This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Pachyrhizus erosus extract on Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa germination. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor corresponded to the plant portion (shoot and tuberous root), the second to the extract preparation method (water at room temperature and boiling) and the third to the extract concentrations (0 %, 25 %, 50 % and 100 %). Phytochemical analyses were performed to identify the presence of secondary metabolites. The variables germination percentage, germination rate index and dry biomass decreased with increasing aqueous extract concentrations for both E. heterophylla and B. pilosa. When applied a P. erosus crude shoot extract (boiling), decreases of 18 % and 92 % were observed in the E. heterophylla and B. pilosa germination, respectively, with a decrease of 91 % in the dry biomass of E. heterophylla seedlings. The tuberous root extract (boiling), on the other hand, reduced the germination percentages for E. heterophylla and B. pilosa in 18 % and 80 %, respectively. The phytochemical evaluation indicated the presence of flavonoids, coumarins and saponins in the shoot and tuberous root extracts, while tannins were only observed in the shoot extract. Thus, it can be concluded that P. erosus extracts display an allelopathic effect on the weed species evaluated.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of Pinus roxburghii on an understorey plant, Bidens pilosa

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neel Kant Sharma* ◽  
Daizy R. Batish ◽  
Harminder Pal Singh ◽  
R. K. Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Needle Litter ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays ◽  
Understorey Plant

Allelopathic effect of Pinus roxburghii was studied on Bidens pilosa through laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The aqueous extracts of green needles, needle litter and bark were found to inhibit germination and initial growth of B. pilosa in laboratory bioassays. The inhibitory effect on germination root length, shoot length and biomass was also observed on amendment of powdered needle litter in soil in greenhouse pots. The inhibitory effect increased with increase in conc. of extracts or amount of litter amended. The amended soil was found to be rich in phenolics, the known potent allelochemics. The study indicates that such interactions may also be operational in forests of P. roxburghii.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Ludwigia decurrens and L. adscendens subsp. diffusa on Germination, Seedling Growth and Yield of Corchorus olitorious L.

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayobola A. Moninuola SAKPERE ◽  
Matthew OZIEGBE ◽  
Idowu Arinola BILESANMI
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Seedling Mortality

This study examined the allelopathic effect of Ludwigia decurrens and L. adscendens exudates on germination, seedling growth (hypocotyl and radicle elongation), seedling mortality, vegetative growth and reproductive yield of Corchorus olitorious. Ludwigia decurrens, L. adscedens exudates and tap water (control) were applied to seeds of Corchorus olitorious over a period of 15 days and to 3 weeks old seedling for a period of 4 weeks. Ludwigia exudates had no inhibitory effect on the germination percentage of C. olitorious, but the exudates from the two Ludwigia spp. induced mortality rate of the 15 day old seedlings (control: 5.00%, L. decurrens: 17.50%, L. adscendens: 26.88%) and a significant decrease in seedling elongation (hypocotyl and radicle length) of C. olitorious. For the vegetative growth experiment, results showed that the stem length, stem fresh weight and leaf area of C. olitorious were significantly inhibited during week 6 (P

scholarly journals Topical Toxicity of Esenbeckia pumila Extracts on Leaf-Cutting Ants Atta laevigata and Acromyrmex balzani

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Brenda R. Souza ◽  
Gustavo M. Coelho ◽  
Ednaldo C. Rocha ◽  
Flávio G. Jesus ◽  
Antônio C. S. Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Atta Laevigata ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Different Doses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the topical toxicity of the Esenbeckia pumila plant extracts on workers of the Atta laevigata and Acromyrmex balzani. Five leaf fractions E. pumila were drawn viz., the hexane, ethanolic, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts, as well as the ethanolic fruit extracts. Further, the phytochemical leaf extract exploration was performed, and the secondary compounds detected were as follows: flavonoids, anthraquinones, coumarins, cardioactive heterosides and tannins. The different leaf and fruit extract fractions were first diluted in 70% ethyl alcohol, and different doses were topically applied to the A. laevigata and A. balzani workers. All the fractions extracted exhibited formicidal effects and this effect was greater to A. laevigata rather than to A. balzani. Only a small percentage of the workers succumbed within the first few hours of application of the different extracts in comparison with the workers which died only after a longer exposure time (72 h) implying a delayed effect of E. pumila extracts.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Bioactivity Determination of Ethyl Acetate and Methanolic Extracts of Leaf and Bark of the Plant Nyctanthes arbortristis L.

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The present study targeted to evaluate the phytoconstituents of Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn., and its biological activity. By solvent extraction procedure, a total of four extracts were designated from the leaf and bark of the plant using two solvents (leaf extract in ethyl acetate and methanol: NALE & NALM; bark extract in ethyl acetate and methanol: NABE & NABM). Phytochemical screening was conducted by qualitative analysis and thin-layer chromatography. Parallelly, antioxidant property (by DPPH free radical scavenging method) and antimicrobial activity (by disk diffusion method) were also investigated to determine bioactivity. The presence of alkaloids and glycosides was detected by qualitative phytochemical assay of the extracts. Furthermore, TLC successfully observed the versatility of the compound's presence, such as phenolic compounds, different alkaloids, and glycosides. In DPPH assay, methanolic extracts are highly capable of scavenging the radicals than the ethyl acetate extracts. Surprisingly, IC50 for NABM (1.69 µg/ml) is less than ascorbic acid (3.58µg/ml), which is an exploration of the excellent antioxidant potential of the plant. But any extracts showed no positive result in the antimicrobial test against gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, even against yeast.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of Leucaena leucocephala on Pansy (Viola tricolor L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 926-930
Author(s):  
N. Khare ◽  
A. D. Marak ◽  
S. Rout
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Leaf Leachate ◽  
Shoot Weight

The present study on allelopahtic effect of L. leucocephala on pansy (V. tricolor L.) both laboratory and nursery conditions were undertaken. Leucaena which significantly reduced the seed germination in all treatments at 2% (43%), 3% (42%) and 4% (40%) over Control (Distilled water), except in treatment at 1% (55%) wheregermination was found to be maximum over Control (Distilled water), this result shows the stimulatory effect on germination at 1% concentration of leaf leachate under laboratory condition. Leucaena soil in combination with Field soil showed stimulatory effect on the growth parameters in Pansy. Highest germination percentage (82%), fresh shoot weight (2.82g), fresh root weight (0.22g), dry shoot weight (0.50g), dry root weight (0.05g), vigor index (99.36) were recorded in treatment amended with soil 50% Leucaena soil and 50% Field soil and inhibitory effect was seen in pansy when amended into with 100% Leucaena soil under nursery condition. From this study it appears that Leucaena produces allelopahtic substrates, increase in concentration exhibit adverse effect on germination and growth parameters. Hence it is suggested that pansy could be affected economically but this tree can very well adapt to diversified soil condition.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of Celtis australis on germination and growth parameters of some important food crops of the Garhwal Himalayas

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003-1010
Author(s):  
Neha Pant ◽  
V. P. Khanduri ◽  
R. S. Bali ◽  
Pravin Rawat ◽  
Ram Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Celtis Australis

Present study was conducted to assess the allelopathic effect of leaf and bark aqueous extracts of Celtis australis on Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Brassica rapa, Lens culinaris and Vigna umbellate under In-vitro condition. Different leaf and bark aqueous extracts 5%, 10%, and 15% were used to irrigate the seeds of test crops. The results revealed that the concentration dependent significant (p=0.05) inhibitory effect of aqueous leaf and bark extracts on germination, root and shoot length of all the test crops. Among all the test crops Triticum aestivum was found most sensitive where the germination percentage was reduced down to 46.0% by the leaf extract (15%) as compared to control (82.3%), while the maximum inhibition in the root length of  Lens culinaris (0.5 cm) by 10% leaf extract was observed as compare to control (8.2 cm). In shoot length maximum inhibitory effect was observed in Hordeum vulgare (3.5 cm) as compared to control (13.3 cm). Similarly, the bark extract showed the maximum inhibition in germination percentage of Lens culinaris (41.6%) at 15% concentration as compare to control (70.0%) while the maximum inhibition for the root length was recorded in Triticum aestivum (1.9 cm) at 15% concentration as compare to control (17.3 cm). In shoot length maximum inhibition was observed for Triticum aestivum (1.3 cm) at 10% extract level as compare to control (13.4 cm), while Vigna umbellate (5.5 cm) at 15% concentration showed stimulatory effect as compare to control (3.4 cm) exceptionally. Finally, it is concluded that Vigna umbellate exhibited the maximum tolerance against leaf and bark aqueous and might be a better option for intercropping with C. australis. However, the allelopathic effect on the other test crops can be minimized by removing the fallen leaves from the agricultural fields.

Phytochemical screening for identification of bioactive compounds of Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae) responsible for larvicidal action against Aedes triseriatus Say, 1823 (Diptera : Culicidae)

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Rhitayu Chakraborti ◽  
Probir Kumar Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Aedes Triseriatus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Lc50 Value

Study to assess the larvicidal property of Lantana camara leaves against Aedes triseriatus larvae found that the ethyl acetate extract had profound larvicidal action with the crude extract having a LC50 value of 409.831ppm. GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract confirmed the presence of twenty-one compounds out of which beta-caryophyllene covered the highest percentage of the chromatogram area. Further tests with beta-caryophyllene against the mosquito larvae proved it to be the active ingredient of L. Camara with a LC50 value of 104.243ppm.

The Effect of High Concentrations of Ethylene on Seed Germination of Douglas Fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco)

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey Borno ◽  
Iain E. P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
High Concentrations

Stratified, imbibed Douglas fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seeds were exposed to 100% ethylene for times between 0 and 366 h. Germination rate and germination percentage were increased by treatments up to 48 h. The 12-h treatment gave largest stimulation; 30% enhancement of final germination percentage over control. Treatment for 96 h caused increased germination rate for the first 5 days but reduced the germination percentage. Germinants were subject to continuous exposure to atmospheres containing 0.1 – 200 000 ppm ethylene in air, but it did not stimulate growth, and the gas was inhibitory above 100 ppm. Although some effects of high concentrations of ethylene may have been due to the lowering of oxygen supplies, this alone was insufficient to account for the full inhibitory effect. The mechanism of stimulation by short-term exposure to ethylene is discussed.

Mortality and Inhibitory Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Artemisia annua L. on Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Krauss) and Shedding of Cercariae

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
I.M. Ado ◽  
Z.A. Ali ◽  
M.M. Dogara ◽  
K. Abdullahi ◽  
S.A Luka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Biomphalaria Pfeifferi ◽  
Artemisia Annua L ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

The search for bioactive plants which can be used as non-conventional anthelmintics has received considerable attention in recent times because of the increasing, worldwide development of resistance to synthetic anthelminthes worm populations. However, scientific evidence to validate the use of raw plants materials remain limited. This study evaluated the mortality and inhibitory effects of the crude aqueous and methanolic extract of Artemisia annua L. against the shedding of cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni from Biomphalaria pfeifferi. The phytochemical screening of the plant was done using standard procedure, after which the mortality effects of the plant extracts and effects on the shedding of cercariae from B. pfeifferi snails were assessed for 24 hour of exposure. Methanolic extract with the highest concentration of 1.77mg/µL had an inhibitory effect of 63.06±1.84 while the least concentration with 0.12mg/µL had 22.41±2.17 inhibitory effect. For the aqueous extract, the highest concentration with 2.73mg/µL had an inhibitory effect of  55.75±1.94 while the least concentration of 0.23mg/µL had 21.80±1.45. Inhibitory effect of cercariae in the snail vector was  concentration dependent, and there was significance difference (P<0.05) between the treatment mean when compared with the control group. This study has shown that this plant material has some inhibitory effect on the shedding of of S. mansoni cercariae and toxicityeffect on the B. pfeifferisnails, and can therefore be used for the control of the disease causing agent as well as the vector. Keywords: Artemisia annua, Inhibitory effects, cercariae, Biomphalaria pfeifferi

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