scholarly journals Effectiveness of Echinacea purpurea extract on immune deficiency induced by azathioprine in male albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37029
Author(s):  
Emad Mohamed El-Sherbiny ◽  
Hala Fawzy Osman ◽  
Mervat Sayed Taha
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea Extract

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of Echinacea purpurea (E.P.) on azathioprine (AZA)-induced immune deficiency in albino rats. Thirty six male albino rats were divided into six equal groups. The first group served as normal control, the second and third groups were treated with two doses of AZA (3 and 5mg/kg/b.w/day IP), respectively for six weeks. The fourth group was treated with 50 mg kg/b.wt/day of Echinacea. The fifth and sixth groups were treated with3 and 5 mg AZAm respectively followed by50 mg E.P. administration. At the end of the experimental period, both doses of AZA revealed a significant reduction in total body and spleen weights, increase in tissue total protein with a significant increase in serum total protein and albumin, a marked decrease in the number of WBCS associated with a decrease in the number of lymphocytes, a significant decrease in serum total anti-oxidant capacity. Also,concentration of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) and interleukins (IL4 &IL6) showed a significant increase, while the level of IL10 decreased significantly in splenic tissue. The dose of AZA (5 mg /kg b.wt.) only resulted in a highly significant increase in serum level of T3 and T4. However, treatment with Echinacea purpurea extract had a significant influence on immune deficiency induced by azathioprine. These findings demonstrated that E.P. extract is a promising immunomodulatory agent with a potent therapeutic value in stimulating the immune response.

scholarly journals Mitigative effect of Momordica cymbalaria fruit extract against sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar male albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Mitta ◽  
Sushmitha Duddu ◽  
Raghuveer Yadav Pulala ◽  
Pradeepkumar Bhupalam ◽  
Venkatakirankumar Mandlem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of the present study is to evaluate the mitigative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Momordica cymbalaria fruits against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced hepatotoxicity.MethodsIn this study, Wistar male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. Group I and II served as normal and toxic controls. Group III as plant control received extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o and Groups IV and V as treatment groups received extract at a dose 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o for 30 days. All groups except Groups I and III received 100 ppm of NaF through drinking water. After completion of the study, blood collected for the estimation of liver blood serum biomarkers such as aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), direct and total bilirubin, total protein and albumin. The liver tissue homogenate was for estimation of lipid peroxidation, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels.ResultsThe results showed that NaF intoxication caused elevation of liver blood serum levels and lipid peroxidation; decreased levels of serum total protein, albumin and liver reduced glutathione, and catalase observed. The treatment groups showed decreased elevated serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, and ALP), liver lipid peroxidation and increased serum total protein and albumin, liver reduced glutathione and catalase levels in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological studies also further strongly supported for mitigative effects of the plant.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings of the study indicated that M. cymbalaria fruits were a potential drug candidate in the treatment of NaF induced hepatotoxicity.

Effects of Various Levels of Dietary Lepidium Sativum L. Seeds in Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. I. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

A toxicity study was made on Lepidium sativum L. seeds used in Saudi traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Lepidium sativum L. seed fed to Wistar albino rats at 2% (w/w) was non-toxic, Ten percent (w/w) was toxic but not fatal and 50% (w/w) of the diet for 6 weeks was lethal and caused depression in growth rate and entero-hepato-nephrotoxicity. Organ lesions accompanied by anemia and leukopenia were correlated with alterations in serum AST and ALT activities and concentrations of total protein, cholesterol, urea, and other serum constituents.

scholarly journals Quality of colostral passive immunity and pattern of serum protein fluctuation in newborn calves

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pauletti ◽  
Raul Machado Neto ◽  
Irineu Umberto Packer ◽  
Raul Dantas D'Arce ◽  
Rosana Bessi
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
High Level

Immunity acquired by newborn animals is known as passive immunity, and for ruminants, antibody acquisition depends on the ingestion and absorption of adequate amounts of immunoglobulins from colostrum. This study relates different initial levels of acquired passive protection and serum total protein (TP) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Serum immunoglobulin concentration and total protein were evaluated for female Holstein calves in the first sixty days of life. Animals were separated into three groups according to their initial level of passive immunity: group 1- animals with a low level of passive immunity (below 20 mg mL-1); group 2- animals with a medium level (between 20 and 30 mg mL-1), and group 3- animals with a high level (above 30 mg mL-1). Serum total protein was determined through the biuret method and IgG was determined by radial immunodiffusion. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized, split-plot statistical design. Fluctuation of the variables along the experimental period was determined through non-linear regression by the DUD method (PROC NLIN - Non Linear SAS). Animals with low antibody acquisition started to produce antibodies earlier, reflecting a compensatory synthesis. On the other hand, animals having adequate levels exhibited an extended period of immunoglobulin catabolism and the beginning of the endogenous phase was delayed. Regardless initial levels, the fluctuations in IgG contents occurred around adequate physiological concentrations, ranging from 20 to 25 mg mL-1.

Hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia macivera Linn in rats following intraperitoneal administration of different subchronic doses

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Atawodi ◽  
AC Ene ◽  
DA Ameh
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury

The possible hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia maciverae was evaluated biochemically and histologically using male Swiss albino rats, randomly assigned into four groups of 24 animals each. The groups (control, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) were treated for 60 days and then monitored for another 30 days before sacrifice. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin (total and direct), total protein and albumin were assessed colorimetrically, while tissue specimens were subjected to histological examination following standard hematoxyline-eosin staining techniques. After 1 week of treatment, the extract caused statistically significant elevation in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin (total and direct), while there was significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of serum total protein and albumin at the onset of treatment when compared with the control. These abnormalities in the levels of serum biochemical parameters were spontaneously corrected within 2 weeks of treatment. Similarly, histological assessment showed severe hepatic tissue injuries after 1 week, but these organs recovered spontaneously by the second week of treatment. The results indicate that long-term exposure to therapeutic doses of chloroform extract of A maciverae is relatively safe, but high dose exposure may result in hepatocellular injury.

Assessment of digestible lysine requirements in lipopolysaccharide-challenged pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Barcellos ◽  
Warley Júnior Alves ◽  
Pedro Riguetti Arnaut ◽  
Lucimauro Fonseca ◽  
Jorge Cunha Lima Muniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Lps Challenge

Abstract To evaluate the effect of an E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on the digestible lysine (Lys) requirement for growing pigs, a nitrogen (N) balance assay was performed. Seventy-two castrated male pigs [19 ± 1.49 kg body weight (BW)] were allocated in a 2 x 6 factorial design composed of two immune activation states (control and LPS-challenged) and 6 dietary treatments with N levels of 0.94, 1.69, 2.09, 3.04, 3.23 and 3.97% N, as fed, where Lys was limiting, with six replicates and one pig per unit. The challenge consisted of an initial LPS dose of 30 μg/kg BW via intramuscular (IM) injection and a subsequent dose of 33.6 μg/kg BW after 48 h. The experimental period lasted 11 days and was composed of a 7-day adaptation and a subsequent 4-day sampling period in which N intake (NI), N excretion (NEX) and N deposition (ND) were evaluated. Inflammatory mediators and rectal temperature were assessed during the 4-day collection period. A 3-way interaction (N levels × LPS challenge × time, P &lt; 0.05) for IgG was observed. Additionally, 2-way interactions (challenge × time, P &lt; 0.05) were verified for IgA, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, haptoglobin, α-1-acid glycoprotein, total protein, and rectal temperature; and (N levels × time, P &lt; 0.05) for transferrin, albumin, haptoglobin, total protein and rectal temperature. LPS-challenged pigs showed lower (P &lt; 0.05) feed intake. A 2-way interaction (N levels × LPS challenge, P &lt; 0.05) was observed for NI, NEX and ND, with a clear dose-response (P &lt; 0.05). LPS-challenged pigs showed lower NI and ND at 2.09% N and 1.69 to 3.97% N (P &lt; 0.05), respectively, and higher NEX at 3.23% N (P &lt; 0.05). The parameters obtained by a nonlinear model (N maintenance requirement, NMR and theoretical maximum N deposition, NDmaxT) were 152.9 and 197.1 mg/BWkg  0.75/d for NMR, and 3,524.7 and 2,077.8 mg/BWkg  0.75/d for NDmaxT, for control and LPS-challenged pigs, respectively. The estimated digestible Lys requirements were 1,994.83 and 949.16 mg/BWkg  0.75/d for control and LPS-challenged pigs, respectively. The daily digestible Lys intakes required to achieve 0.68 and 0.54 times the NRmaxT value were 18.12 and 8.62 g/d, respectively, and the optimal dietary digestible Lys concentration may change depending on the feed intake levels. Based on the derived model parameters obtained in the N balance trial with lower cost and time, it was possible to differentiate the digestible Lys requirement for swine under challenging conditions.

Effect of Feeding Probioticated Functional Food Mixture on Serum Cholesterol Levels in Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Shilpa Huchchannanavar ◽  
D. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
Y. B. Rajeshwari ◽  
Suvarna Chavannavar ◽  
Usha Ravindra
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Food Mixture

Probiotics are dietary supplements containing potentially beneficial bacteria or yeasts. These probiotics promote good health and have therapeutic value. In this regard a study has been conducted to find the effect of probioticated millet mix on cholesterol levels in albino rats. Forty eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, all groups showed normal growth. Normal levels of serum hematological and serum values were observed where as Composite Mix Single Probiotic (CMSP) diet showed better results. Reduction in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, LDL and improvement in the HDL levels were observed over a period of 45 days in experimental animals. CMSP was found to have good effect when compared to Composite Mix with Mixed Probiotic (CMMP). Hypocholesterolemic effect was observed in rats fed with CMSP diet.

scholarly journals Mast cell degranulation and calcium influx are inhibited by an Echinacea purpurea extract and the alkylamide dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis V. Gulledge ◽  
Nicholas M. Collette ◽  
Emily Mackey ◽  
Stephanie E. Johnstone ◽  
Yasamin Moazami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Dienoic Acid ◽  
Mast Cell Degranulation ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea Extract

scholarly journals Peritoneal fluid changes in horses subjected to small colon distension

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael R Faleiros ◽  
Delphim G Macoris ◽  
Carlos Henrique C Saquetti ◽  
Andrea C Aita ◽  
Anderson Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colon Obstruction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Colon Distension ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Intestinal devitalization in cases of small colon obstruction may be difficult to detect based only in clinical signs. The purpose was to serially evaluate blood and peritoneal fluid of horses subjected to small colon distension. Seventeen adult horses were allotted in three groups. In the small colon-distended group (DG, n=7) a surgically-implanted latex balloon was inflated to promote intraluminal small colon distension. In the shamoperated group (SG, n=5), the balloon was implanted but not inflated, and no surgery was done in the control group (CG, n=5). Blood and peritoneal fluid were sampled before and after (6 samples with a 30-minute interval) intestinal obstruction for cytological and biochemical analyses. No significant changes in clinical signs occurred within groups or across time during the experimental period. There were no statistical differences among SG and SG groups in hematologic and blood chemistry variables. Although total protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in peritoneal fluid remained most of the time within reference values during the experimental period in all groups, increases from baseline values were detected in SG and DG groups. Such increases occurred earlier, progressively and with greater magnitude in the DG when compared with the SG (P<0.05). Increases from baselines values were also observed in total nucleated cells and neutrophils counts in the DG (P<0.05). In conclusion, distension of the equine small colon induced progressive subtle increases in total protein and LDH concentrations in the peritoneal fluid during the first hours. Serial evaluation of these variables in peritoneal fluid may be useful for early detection of intestinal devitalization in clinical cases of equine small colon obstruction.

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