scholarly journals Assessment by Multivariate Analysis of Groundwater between Low and High Tides Interactions in East Coast of Terengganu

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Hafizan Juahir ◽  
Muhammad Barzani Gasim ◽  
Mohd. Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽  
Azman Azid ◽  
Norsyuhada Hairoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Tide ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Positive Loading ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Compositional Pattern ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Difference

World sea level rise has an effect in the rise on high and low tides levels in coastal areas of Terengganu. Because of that, as many as 13 groundwater represented of well that located close to Terengganu coastline were sampled and analyzed. Samplings were conducted for the wet and dry seasons and also for the high and low tides at the same sampling wells to identify the variation of groundwater quality temporally. A Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to locate the exact coordinates of each sampling well. Nineteen physico-chemical parameters were analyzed from groundwater samples. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was adopted to observe the contrast of the compositional pattern among the variables and to recognize the factors that influence the parameters as an input to define water intrusion. Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering Analysis (HACA) is performed on data to group the sampling wells into a few clusters. The results show that from nineteen parameters only five has strong positive loading; EC (0.99), TDS (0.99), chloride (0.99), sulphate (0.92) and salinity (0.99) during high and low tides. The difference are BOD and DO have strong positive loading during low tide while turbidity and TSS were strong positive loading during high tide.  

scholarly journals Chromatographic, Chemometric and Antioxidant Assessment of the Equivalence of Granules and Herbal Materials of Angelicae Sinensis Radix

Medicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski ◽  
Xian Zhou ◽  
Ho Yee Wong ◽  
Antony Kam ◽  
Jarryd Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Angelicae Sinensis

Background: Granules are a popular way of administrating herbal decoctions. However, there are no standardised quality control methods for granules, with few studies comparing the granules to traditional herbal decoctions. This study developed a multi-analytical platform to compare the quality of granule products to herb/decoction pieces of Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui). Methods: A validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) method quantitatively compared the aqueous extracts. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) clustered the samples according to three chemical compounds: ferulic acid, caffeic acid and Z-ligustilide. Ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) assessed the antioxidant activity of the samples. Results: HCA and PCA allocated the samples into two main groups: granule products and herb/decoction pieces. Greater differentiation between the samples was obtained with three chemical markers compared to using one marker. The herb/decoction pieces group showed comparatively higher extraction yields and significantly higher DPPH and FRAP (p < 0.05), which was positively correlated to caffeic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. Conclusions: The results confirm the need for the quality assessment of granule products using more than one chemical marker for widespread practitioner and consumer use.

A proposed winter-injury classification for apple trees on the northern fringe of commercial production

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren K. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Temperature Records

Because of a severe and highly variable winter environment, commercially significant fruit production in New Brunswick is restricted to a few hardy apple cultivars. Cluster, principal-component and discriminant analyses were applied to monthly temperature records to derive a satisfactory classification of recorded occurrences of winter injury in New Brunswick during the 20th century. Production of a dendrogram based on a hierarchical, agglomerative clustering technique separated root- from shoot-injury years. The analyses suggested that low temperatures per se in December, January or February are not the dominant factors controlling recurring winter shoot injury of apple trees in New Brunswick. Rather mild weather during mid-winter (especially maximum air temperature in February) and the October mean air temperature during the fall hardening-off period consistently contributed to the hierarchical classification. Cluster analysis allowed the separation of recorded occurrences of winter injury into plausible groupings that should complement current attempts to understand the underlying causes of winter injury in New Brunswick.Key words: Malus × domestica, apple, winter injury, cluster analysis

scholarly journals Ecohydrological threats to Colophospermum mopane in southern Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tendayi Gondo ◽  
Agnes Musyoki ◽  
Aina T. Adeboyejo
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Colophospermum Mopane ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Arid Landscapes ◽  
Semi Arid

Rapid ecohydrological changes in semi-arid landscapes are increasingly threatening humanity’s life-support systems and eroding many of the ecosystem services (ESs) upon which humans occupying such regions depend. Knowing which services and ecohydrological changes to be most concerned about is indispensable to maintaining the general health of such ecosystems and for developing effective ecosystem management practices. In the semi-arid regions of southwestern Zimbabwe where a large population of rural households depend on ESs extracted from the Colophospermum mopane tree, such understanding may be critical in reversing potential ES losses that may have catastrophic effects on the lives of many. We surveyed a total of 127 rural households who occupy the semi-arid landscapes of the Colophospermum mopane belt in southern Zimbabwe. We assessed the ecohydrological conditions characterising ecosystems where they obtain ES provisioning goods using a number of ecohydrological variables commonly cited in the literature on ecohydrology. Building on principal component analysis (PCA), we employed a hierarchical agglomerative clustering method to create unique clusters of households that depicted different levels of risks or threats associated with their ES provisioning harvesting practices. Multiple regression analysis was further performed to identify significant ecohydrological cluster-defining variables. Our results showed that spatial differences in ecohydrological parameters resulted in four distinct ES resource thresholds depicting four categories of risks that households face in extracting such resources in nearby landscapes. We concluded by proposing a number of landscape restoration or management practices targeted at reversing potential ES losses and subsequently safeguarding the livelihoods of many who depend on ESs.

scholarly journals Caractérisation Physico-Chimique Des Eaux Souterraines Du Socle De La Région De Zinder (Niger) Pendant La Saison Des Pluies Et La Saison Sèche

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Souley Moussa Rabilou ◽  
Malam Alma Maman Mousbahou ◽  
Mahaman Sani Laouali ◽  
Natatou Ibrahim ◽  
Issa Habou
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Eaux Souterraines ◽  
Silicate Rocks

Agriculture and livestock are the main socio-economic activities of the population of the Zinder region (Niger). However, these activities have negative impacts on groundwater quality, which is the main source of water supply for this population. In this work, the physicochemical quality of the waters of the Socle of the Zinder region was studied during the rainy and dry seasons. Twenty-four samples were the subject of a physico-chemical analysis. The data obtained were processed by the hydrochemical method by the Diagram software and the principal component analysis by the XLSTAT software. Of the waters analyzed, 83% have normal pH values (6.5 - 8.5) and 17% acid pH <6.5 during both seasons. The nitrate levels of Yekoua (62.04 and 63.36 mg.L-1), Dan Ladi (123.64 and 146.96 mg.L-1), Bourbourwa (64.65 and 80.08 mg.L -1) and Kazoé (130.68 and 124.52 mg.L-1) and fluoride of Kazoé (1.5 mg.L-1), Midik (1.6 mg.L-1) and Bourbourwa (2.98 mg.L-1) during both seasons are abnormal. Four facies characterize the analyzed waters, with a predominance of bicarbonated calci-magnesian(42%) during the rainy season, calci-magnesian bicarbonate (41.7%) and calci-magnesium chloride (41.7%) during the dry season. The residence time by hydrolysis and alteration of silicate rocks and the pluviolessivage of soils are the main mechanisms that govern the mineralization of these waters. These grades, call for remediation treatments. Clays could be promoters for this treatment because they are very available and less expensive.

scholarly journals Classification of karst springs for flash-flood-prone areas in western Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1473-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhterem Demiroglu
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
High Storage ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Abstract. Flash floods are caused by heavy rainfall that has become more frequent. They are more prominent in low-storage karst regions, although karst terrain often acts as a natural flood control particularly when it is bare and dominated by conduits. A study using a hydrogeochemical approach and assessing data from several springs in different carbonate rock in western Turkey has made it possible to classify karst aquifers based on their response to heavy rainfall events. According to this aim, physico-chemical measurements in wet and dry seasons and discharge rates in springs are compared in order to explain aquifer characteristics. Groundwater samples have a pH ranging from 6.3 to 8.9, temperature (T) varying from 7 to 35 °C and electrical conductivity (EC) ranging from 140 to 998 µs cm−1. Groundwater samples with high EC, high T and low dissolved oxygen (DO) represent the deep circulating water, while low EC, low T and high DO are linked to the shallow circulating water. Lower variability between wet and dry seasons reveals that fracture permeability is predominantly controlled by diffuse groundwater flow with low or high storage, and conduit permeability with high storage. However, variability of the physico-chemical characteristics is higher in a conduit permeability with low storage. These types of aquifers with high transfer capability, predominantly controlled by turbulent groundwater flow, affect flash floods.

Multivariate micropollutants analysis in marine waters

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
V. Librando ◽  
G. Magazzù ◽  
A. Puglisi
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Data Analysis ◽  
Partial Least Squares Regression ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Suspended Material ◽  
The Difference

The monitoring of water quality today provides a great quantity of data consisting of the values of the parameters measured as a function of time. In the marine environment, and especially in the suspended material, increasing importance is being given to the presence of organic micropollutants, particularly since some are known to be carcinogenic. As the number of measured parameters increases examining the data and their consequent interpretation becomes more difficult. To overcome such difficulties, numerous chemometric techniques have been introduced in environmental chemistry, such as Multivariate Data Analysis (MVDA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). The use of the first technique in this work has been applied to the interpretation of the quality of Augusta bay, by measuring the concentration of numerous organic micropollutants, together with the classical water pollution parameters, in different sites and at different times. The MVDA has highlighted the difference between various sampling sites whose data were initially thought to be similar. Furthermore, it has allowed a choice of more significant parameters for future monitoring and more suitable sampling site locations.

scholarly journals Distribution and Severity of Placental Lesions Caused by the Chlamydia abortus 1B Vaccine Strain in Vaccinated Ewes

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Sergio Gastón Caspe ◽  
Javier Palarea-Albaladejo ◽  
Clare Underwood ◽  
Morag Livingstone ◽  
Sean Ranjan Wattegedera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Placental Pathology ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Chlamydia Abortus ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Enzootic Abortion Of Ewes

Chlamydia abortus infects livestock species worldwide and is the cause of enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE). In Europe, control of the disease is achieved using a live vaccine based on C. abortus 1B strain. Although the vaccine has been useful for controlling disease outbreaks, abortion events due to the vaccine have been reported. Recently, placental pathology resulting from a vaccine type strain (vt) infection has been reported and shown to be similar to that resulting from a natural wild-type (wt) infection. The aim of this study was to extend these observations by comparing the distribution and severity of the lesions, the composition of the predominating cell infiltrate, the amount of bacteria present and the role of the blood supply in infection. A novel system for grading the histological and pathological features present was developed and the resulting multi-parameter data were statistically transformed for exploration and visualisation through a tailored principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the difference between them. The analysis provided no evidence of meaningful differences between vt and wt strains in terms of the measured pathological parameters. The study also contributes a novel methodology for analysing the progression of infection in the placenta for other abortifacient pathogens.

scholarly journals Possibility of Human Gender Recognition Using Raman Spectra of Teeth

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3983
Author(s):  
Ozren Gamulin ◽  
Marko Škrabić ◽  
Kristina Serec ◽  
Matej Par ◽  
Marija Baković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Gender Recognition ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tooth Type ◽  
Tooth Apex ◽  
The Difference

Gender determination of the human remains can be very challenging, especially in the case of incomplete ones. Herein, we report a proof-of-concept experiment where the possibility of gender recognition using Raman spectroscopy of teeth is investigated. Raman spectra were recorded from male and female molars and premolars on two distinct sites, tooth apex and anatomical neck. Recorded spectra were sorted into suitable datasets and initially analyzed with principal component analysis, which showed a distinction between spectra of male and female teeth. Then, reduced datasets with scores of the first 20 principal components were formed and two classification algorithms, support vector machine and artificial neural networks, were applied to form classification models for gender recognition. The obtained results showed that gender recognition with Raman spectra of teeth is possible but strongly depends both on the tooth type and spectrum recording site. The difference in classification accuracy between different tooth types and recording sites are discussed in terms of the molecular structure difference caused by the influence of masticatory loading or gender-dependent life events.

scholarly journals Clustering Techniques for Secondary Substations Siting

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028
Author(s):  
Silvia Corigliano ◽  
Federico Rosato ◽  
Carla Ortiz Dominguez ◽  
Marco Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Efficient Planning ◽  
Target Set

The scientific community is active in developing new models and methods to help reach the ambitious target set by UN SDGs7: universal access to electricity by 2030. Efficient planning of distribution networks is a complex and multivariate task, which is usually split into multiple subproblems to reduce the number of variables. The present work addresses the problem of optimal secondary substation siting, by means of different clustering techniques. In contrast with the majority of approaches found in the literature, which are devoted to the planning of MV grids in already electrified urban areas, this work focuses on greenfield planning in rural areas. K-means algorithm, hierarchical agglomerative clustering, and a method based on optimal weighted tree partitioning are adapted to the problem and run on two real case studies, with different population densities. The algorithms are compared in terms of different indicators useful to assess the feasibility of the solutions found. The algorithms have proven to be effective in addressing some of the crucial aspects of substations siting and to constitute relevant improvements to the classic K-means approach found in the literature. However, it is found that it is very challenging to conjugate an acceptable geographical span of the area served by a single substation with a substation power high enough to justify the installation when the load density is very low. In other words, well known standards adopted in industrialized countries do not fit with developing countries’ requirements.

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