scholarly journals Chromatographic, Chemometric and Antioxidant Assessment of the Equivalence of Granules and Herbal Materials of Angelicae Sinensis Radix

Medicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski ◽  
Xian Zhou ◽  
Ho Yee Wong ◽  
Antony Kam ◽  
Jarryd Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Angelicae Sinensis

Background: Granules are a popular way of administrating herbal decoctions. However, there are no standardised quality control methods for granules, with few studies comparing the granules to traditional herbal decoctions. This study developed a multi-analytical platform to compare the quality of granule products to herb/decoction pieces of Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui). Methods: A validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) method quantitatively compared the aqueous extracts. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) clustered the samples according to three chemical compounds: ferulic acid, caffeic acid and Z-ligustilide. Ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) assessed the antioxidant activity of the samples. Results: HCA and PCA allocated the samples into two main groups: granule products and herb/decoction pieces. Greater differentiation between the samples was obtained with three chemical markers compared to using one marker. The herb/decoction pieces group showed comparatively higher extraction yields and significantly higher DPPH and FRAP (p < 0.05), which was positively correlated to caffeic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. Conclusions: The results confirm the need for the quality assessment of granule products using more than one chemical marker for widespread practitioner and consumer use.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Accumulation of the Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Profile of Broomcorn Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Flour

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Obyedul Kalam Azad ◽  
Da In Jeong ◽  
Md Adnan ◽  
Timnoy Salitxay ◽  
Jeong Won Heo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Broomcorn Millet

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is an important nutritious ancient minor-cereal food crop. However, this crop is little explored in the food processing arena to improve its functionality. In this context, different processing methods were applied to enhance the secondary compounds of broomcorn millet. Four different individual methods such as roasting, steaming, puffing, and extrusion were applied at 110 °C to enhance the functional attributes of millet flour. It was observed that the significantly highest content of total phenolic (TP) (670 mg/100 g of ferulic acid equivalent) and total flavonoid (TF) (391 mg/100 g of rutin equivalent ) was attained in the roasted whole millet followed by steaming (315 mg/100 g, 282 mg/100 g), puffing (645 mg/100 g, 304 mg/100 g), extrusion (455 mg/100 g, 219 mg/100 g), and control (295 mg/100 g, 183 mg/100 g). The chromatographic analysis showed a greater content of single phenolic acids such as syringic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and catechin in roasted millet compared to control, and the content of each acid was higher in whole millet than dehulled. Results also indicated that the content of ferulic acid was relatively higher among the quantified single phenolic acid from broomcorn millet. Likewise, in comparison with dehulled millet, the roasted whole millet showed higher total antioxidant capacity, measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), the phosphomolybdenum method (PPMD), and the hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (HRSC) method. Lastly, it is concluded that the roasting method should be taken into consideration in the processing of broomcorn millet to enhance the content of nutraceutical compounds and improve its functionality.

scholarly journals Profile of Bioactive Compounds in the Morphological Parts of Wild Fallopia japonica (Houtt) and Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) and Their Antioxidative Activity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Lachowicz ◽  
Jan Oszmiański
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Fallopia Japonica

The aim of this study was to determine the content of triterpenoids and polyphenols, and antioxidative activity in leaves, stalks, and roots of plants from the species Fallopia as well as to present the main relationship between them. Polyphenolic compounds and triterpenoids were identified with liquid chromatography-photodiode detector-mass spectrometry/quadrupole time of flight (LC-MS-Q/TOF; qualitatively) and quantified with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode detector (UPLC-PDA (quantitatively), and their antioxidative activity was determined with radical scavenging capacity (ABTS) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Generally, the wild Fallopia japonica Houtt. species had 1.2 times higher content of bioactive compounds and antioxidative activity than Fallopia sachalinensis. Contents of polyphenolic compounds determined in leaves, stalks, and roots were on average 17.81, 10.60, and 9.02 g/100 g of dry weight (DW), whereas the average contents of triterpenoids reached 0.78, 0.70, and 0.50 g/100 g DW, respectively. The leaves were a better source of polymeric procyanidins, phenolic acids, flavones, and flavonols, as well as oleanolic and ursolic acids than the other morphological parts of the tested plants. However, the roots were an excellent source of flavan-3-ols (monomeric and oligomer) and stilbenes, such as resveratrol, and their derivatives. The results obtained showed significant differences between plants of the wild Fallopia species and their morphological parts, and enabled selecting the most valuable morphological part of the tested plants to be used for food enrichment and nutraceuticals production. Therefore, the leaves seem to be the best as potential food additives for health, due to the above-average content of polyphenolic compounds and triterpenoids. In turn, roots, with their high contents of stilbenes and polyphenolic compounds, represent a good material for the medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The principal component analysis of the plants of wild Fallopia species and their morphological parts confirmed significant differences in their chemical composition.

scholarly journals Morphological Traits and Phenolic Compounds in Tunisian Wild Populations and Cultivated Varieties of Portulaca oleracea L.

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorra Sdouga ◽  
Ferdinando Branca ◽  
Souhir Kabtni ◽  
Maria Concetta Di Bella ◽  
Neila Trifi-Farah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Morphological Heterogeneity ◽  
Freeze Dried

This study aims to evaluate the bio-morphological and biochemical variability of three Tunisian wild populations and one growing cultivar of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). The studied varieties should be easily distinguished by the color and the habitus of the plant as mentioned in literature, but the various analyses have shown a strong morphological heterogeneity within and among the wild and cultivated accessions as presented by the variance analysis test (ANOVA) and the PCA (Principal component analysis). We found high intrapopulation variability through the wild populations that make it hard to differentiate them only on the base of morphology. We analyzed the biochemical profile of those populations based on the analysis of freeze-dried samples of leaves and stems. We identified and quantified twelve different phenolic compounds by the HPLC-diode array detector (DAD) technique. Six phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified in the leaves and stems of the wild and cultivated populations. Sinapic acid and myricetin are the majors identified compounds through our samples. The results were significantly different in relation to the plant organs and to the geographic origin for most of the compounds. The obtained results highlighted the importance of Portulaca as a medicinal plant by showing its richness in phenols and flavonoids that have multi-medicinal effects besides their antioxidant power.

scholarly journals Quantitative Determination of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids in Fresh Whole Crop Rice, Silage, and Hay at Different Harvest Periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 7981
Author(s):  
Palaniselvam Kuppusamy ◽  
Dahye Kim ◽  
Hyung Soo Park ◽  
Jeong Sung Jung ◽  
Ki Choon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Fresh Freeze ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Whole crop rice (WCR) is used as an important feed for livestock ruminants. In this study, “Yeongwoo” variety WCR (cultivated on the Korean peninsula) was harvested at three different maturity stages (booting, heading, and milk) and their phenolic acid and flavonoid profiles in the lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-inoculated and noninoculated silage, hay, and fresh freeze-dried WCR extract were quantified. The alterations in the phenolic and flavonoid contents of the selected WCR during maturation in different samples were analyzed by the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography- Diode Array Detector (HPLC–DAD) technique. The six phenolics (caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, dihydroxy benzoic acid, and prophyl gallate) and six flavonoids (rutin hydroxide, luteolin, kaempferol, vitexin, myricetin, and quercetin) were noted to have slight differences between the LAB-inoculated and noninoculated silage samples; however, the phenolics and flavonoids were higher in hay WCR at the milk stage compared to the silage and fresh freeze-dried samples. The results indicate that WCR harvest times have different phenolic compounds in the WCR silage, hay, and fresh samples. The phenolic and flavonoid compounds were higher (p < 0.05) with the increase in maturity (Stage 1–3). The stage of WCR maturity was positively related (p < 0.05) to the amount of phenolic acid and flavonoid contents (µg/g) in hay, silage, and fresh freeze-dried extract. We observed the WCR had high amounts of phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations at milk stage (Stage 3) hay (quercetin, kaemferol, luteolin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and coumaric acid were 1.28, 1.29, 0.54, 1.54, 1.92, and 1.81 µg/g, respectively) compared with the booting and heading stages (Stages 1 and 2), with acceptable accuracy on a pilot scale. Based on these results, it could be concluded that LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum)-inoculated whole crop rice silage (WCRS) did not affect the phenolics and flavonoids of secondary plant metabolites in fermented silage. However, phenolics and flavonoids were of higher rations in WCR at the milk stage. Furthermore, this phenolic acid and flavonoid effect needs to be confirmed using large-scale in vivo analysis.

Bioactive compounds by UPLC-PDA in different cocoa clones (Theobroma cacao L.) developed in the Southern region of Bahia, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 2117-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Fonseca Maciel ◽  
Ana Lúcia de Souza Madureira Felício ◽  
Elisa Yoko Hirooka
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Many factors can influence the bioactive compounds in cocoa beans. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the bioactive compound profile of 12 cocoa bean clones produced in Bahia’s Southern region. Design/methodology/approach Total phenolic content, total flavonoids and total anthocyanins were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Caffeic acid, caffeine, theobromine, catechin and epicatechin contents were determined using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Photodiode Array Detector. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out using to determine the variability of the results found in relation to the clones studied. Findings The authors observed variations in the bioactive compound content between the analyzed cocoa clones. The SRN clone showed the highest levels of phenolic content, flavonoids, caffeine, catechin, and epicatechin. PCA showed that all the clones had unique characteristics related to the composition of their bioactive compounds content, classifying each clone in a well-defined manner. Originality/value This work is an important contribution for the characterization of new cocoa bean clones in relation to their content of bioactive compounds. The information reported in this paper can be decisive in the choice of the variety of cocoa in the production of chocolate with high bioactive compounds content and claim of functional property.

A proposed winter-injury classification for apple trees on the northern fringe of commercial production

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren K. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Temperature Records

Because of a severe and highly variable winter environment, commercially significant fruit production in New Brunswick is restricted to a few hardy apple cultivars. Cluster, principal-component and discriminant analyses were applied to monthly temperature records to derive a satisfactory classification of recorded occurrences of winter injury in New Brunswick during the 20th century. Production of a dendrogram based on a hierarchical, agglomerative clustering technique separated root- from shoot-injury years. The analyses suggested that low temperatures per se in December, January or February are not the dominant factors controlling recurring winter shoot injury of apple trees in New Brunswick. Rather mild weather during mid-winter (especially maximum air temperature in February) and the October mean air temperature during the fall hardening-off period consistently contributed to the hierarchical classification. Cluster analysis allowed the separation of recorded occurrences of winter injury into plausible groupings that should complement current attempts to understand the underlying causes of winter injury in New Brunswick.Key words: Malus × domestica, apple, winter injury, cluster analysis

scholarly journals Bagged Aronia Melanocarpa Tea: Phenolic Profileand Antioxidant Activity / Aronia Melanocarpa Filter Čaj: Fenolni Profil I Antioksidativna Aktivnost

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Veljković ◽  
Jelena Brcanović ◽  
Aleksandra Pavlović ◽  
Snežana Mitić ◽  
Biljana Kaličanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Tea Infusions

Summary While there is a large number of scientific papers reporting chemical composition and biological activities of Aronia melanocarpa, there is a lack information regarding the commercially available bagged tea. In order to supply new information on the antioxidant activity of the Aronia melanocarpa tea infusions, the aim of this study was to evaluate individual phenolic compounds which could be responsible for antioxidant activities of these beverages. Selected anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin- 3-O-arabinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-xyloside), gallic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, morin, and protocatechuic acid were simultaneously detected from commercially available tea infusions using a High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method. The antioxidant activity was measured using five in vitro spectrophotometric methods: 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) radical cation scavenging activity (ABTS), ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduction power (RP)Fe(III) to Fe(II). Obtained results showed that anthocyanins, predominantly of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, are the major class of polyphenolic compounds in tea infusions. Among phenolic acids the most abundant is caffeic acid. A significant correlation between DPPH and ABTS and FRAP and RP suggested that antioxidant components in these beverages were capable scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidants. Generally, these beverages had relatively high antioxidant capacities and could be important dietary sources of antioxidant phenolics for the prevention of diseases caused by oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Ecohydrological threats to Colophospermum mopane in southern Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tendayi Gondo ◽  
Agnes Musyoki ◽  
Aina T. Adeboyejo
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Colophospermum Mopane ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Arid Landscapes ◽  
Semi Arid

Rapid ecohydrological changes in semi-arid landscapes are increasingly threatening humanity’s life-support systems and eroding many of the ecosystem services (ESs) upon which humans occupying such regions depend. Knowing which services and ecohydrological changes to be most concerned about is indispensable to maintaining the general health of such ecosystems and for developing effective ecosystem management practices. In the semi-arid regions of southwestern Zimbabwe where a large population of rural households depend on ESs extracted from the Colophospermum mopane tree, such understanding may be critical in reversing potential ES losses that may have catastrophic effects on the lives of many. We surveyed a total of 127 rural households who occupy the semi-arid landscapes of the Colophospermum mopane belt in southern Zimbabwe. We assessed the ecohydrological conditions characterising ecosystems where they obtain ES provisioning goods using a number of ecohydrological variables commonly cited in the literature on ecohydrology. Building on principal component analysis (PCA), we employed a hierarchical agglomerative clustering method to create unique clusters of households that depicted different levels of risks or threats associated with their ES provisioning harvesting practices. Multiple regression analysis was further performed to identify significant ecohydrological cluster-defining variables. Our results showed that spatial differences in ecohydrological parameters resulted in four distinct ES resource thresholds depicting four categories of risks that households face in extracting such resources in nearby landscapes. We concluded by proposing a number of landscape restoration or management practices targeted at reversing potential ES losses and subsequently safeguarding the livelihoods of many who depend on ESs.

scholarly journals Development, Standardization and Validation of Analytical Method for Quality Assurance and Quality Control of Aloe-Based Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-309
Author(s):  
R. B. Yadav ◽  
B. Kumar ◽  
A. Vats ◽  
S. N. Singh ◽  
D. P. Pathak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Pharmacological activity of Aloe vera is known for hundreds of years, but a precise and well-established characterization method for all kinds of pharmaceutical formulations is still a challenging task. In the present study, a simple, user- friendly, sensitive, precise, accurate, robust and reproducible method has been developed based on reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The RP-HPLC method has been developed, standardized and validated utilizing the Aloe marker compounds viz., Aloin A, Acemannan and Aloe-emodin that is present in various Aloe vera varieties. The total polyphenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were estimated spectrophotometrically and an in-vitro antioxidant study was also performed to standardize the potential of Aloe vera using assays viz. DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging), NO (nitric oxide) scavenging potential, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and TAC (total antioxidant capacity). Simultaneously, tocopherol acetate was also estimated in commercially manufactured pharmaceutical products with the help of the previously standardized HPLC method in our laboratory. Separation of the singular active ingredient of Aloe vera was achieved by using an isocratic mode of acetonitrile and water (70:30 v/v) by using a reversed-phase C18 column as stationary phase in a high-performance liquid-chromatography system employing photodiode array detector (PDA plus detector) with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection limit of active compound of Aloe species was found to be in the range of 0.00020 to 0.00051 µgL-1 (20 µL injection of each for five times). The quantitative method of Aloe vera extracts standardized vis-à-vis both with peel (AL-P) and without peel (AL-WP) form gives robust, precise (% RSD 1.13-3.84) and accurate results. This method is suitable for the detection of major pharmacologically active compounds present in Aloe vera-based pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.

scholarly journals Potential Importance of Molybdenum Priming to Metabolism and Nutritive Value of Canavalia spp. Sprouts

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Mohammad K. Okla ◽  
Nosheen Akhtar ◽  
Saud A. Alamri ◽  
Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani ◽  
Ahmed Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Phenolic Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Nutrient Profiles

Molybdenum ions (Mo) can improve plants’ nutritional value primarily by enhancing nitrogenous metabolism. In this study, the comparative effects of seed priming using Mo were evaluated among sproutings of Canavalia species/cultivars, including Canavalia ensiformis var. gladiata (CA1), Canavalia ensiformis var. truncata Ricker (CA2), and Canavalia gladiata var. alba Hisauc (CA3). Mo impacts on growth, metabolism (e.g., nitrogen and phenolic metabolism, pigment and total nutrient profiles), and biological activities were assayed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to correlate Mo-mediated impacts. The results showed that Mo induced photosynthetic pigments that resulted in an improvement in growth and increased biomass. The N content was increased 0.3-fold in CA3 and 0.2-fold in CA1 and CA2. Enhanced nitrogen metabolism by Mo provided the precursors for amino acids, protein, and lipid biosynthesis. At the secondary metabolic level, phenolic metabolism-related precursors and enzyme activities were also differentially increased in Canavalia species/cultivars. The observed increase in metabolism resulted in the enhancement of the antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) and antidiabetic potential (Glycemic index (GI) and inhibition activity of α-amylase, and α-glucosidase) of species. The antioxidant activity increased 20% in CA3, 14% in CA1, and 8% in CA2. Furthermore, PCA showed significant variations not only between Mo-treated and untreated samples but also among Canavalia species. Overall, this study indicated that the sprouts of Canavalia species have tremendous potential for commercial usage due to their high nutritive value, which can be enhanced further with Mo treatment to accomplish the demand for nutritious feed.

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