scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene (PP) – Montmorillonite (MMT) Nanocomposites for Pre-Fabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
N.A. Selamat ◽  
M.N. M.Ansari ◽  
Zainudin Yahya ◽  
Ragunatha E.Naicker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Injection Speed ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
Vertical Drain

Polypropylene (PP) – montmorillonite (MMT) blends were prepared by melt-mixing method followed by injection molding method. The optimum process melt-temperature was set at 1950C, the injection speed of 15cc/s, injection pressure of 30MPa and cooling time of 20 sec. was used for the sample preparation. Investigation shows, addition of MMT nanoparticles have improved the mechanical properties. The tensile test and impact test were conducted at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The tensile modulus and yield strength improved with increasing MMT content, however, elongation at break was reduced as the MMT content was increased from 2wt% to 8wt%. The Izod impact strength is also affected by the addition of MMT content. Nanocomposites based on PP containing 8wt% of MMT showed higher impact strength than the other compositions and Neat PP (control). The influence of MMT content on impact strength increased with MMT content which is a significant result required for pre-fabricated vertical drain (PVD). Further investigations are required to study the mechanical properties of the PVD using PP – MMT nanocomposites to replace the existing material (PP).

Mechanical Property Improvement of Poly(Butylene Succinate) by Reinforcing with Modified Fumed Silica

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasirada Weerasunthorn ◽  
Pranut Potiyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fumed Silica ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Ir Spectrophotometry

Fumed silica particles (SiO2) were directly added into poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by melt mixing process. The effects of amount of fumed silica particles on mechanical properties of PBS/fumed silica composites, those are tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength as well as flexural strength, were investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties decreased with increasing fumed silica loading (0-3 wt%). In order to increase polymer-filler interaction, fumed silica was treated with 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPMS), and its structure was analyzed by FT-IR spectrophotometry. The PBS/modified was found to possess better tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength and flexural strength that those of PBS/fumed silica composites.

Effects of Gate Locations on the Tensile Strength of Injection Molded Weld Lines

2013 ◽  
Vol 561 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Yu Mei Ding ◽  
Xiao Hua Wang ◽  
Peng Cheng Xie ◽  
You Chen Zhang ◽  
Wei Min Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Injection Speed ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Injection Molded

As unfavorable molding defect, weld lines often result in reduced mechanical properties and poor appearance quality of injection molded parts. In this present work, effects of gate locations on the tensile strength of weld lines were investigated by changing the distances between two gates in 10mm, 20mm and 25mm, respectively. Test specimens were prepared with an all-electrical injection molding machine under different process parameters (injection speed, injection pressure and melt temperature). Visualization method and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to further discuss mechanical test results. Study results indicated that tensile strength of injection molded weld lines was lessened as the increase of gate distances. Higher injection speed, higher injection pressure and lower melt temperature induced to lower weldline tensile strength whatever the gate locations were. Study results also illustrated that it was gate location rather than molding conditions had the most decisive influence on the weldline mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Infl uence of Na+-montmorillonite modifi ed with acrylamide on the structure and properties of polypropylene

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
M. B. Begieva ◽  
D. B. Amshokova ◽  
L. R. Pashtova ◽  
R. CH. Bazheva ◽  
A. M. Kharaev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Sodium Form

Sodium form montmorillonite was obtained from natural clay from the Gerpegezh deposit (Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia). A procedure has been developed for modifying the sodium form of montmorillonite using acrylamide. The structure of the organoclay was confi rmed by IR spectroscopy. Composites based on polypropylene and modifi ed montmorillonite are obtained by melt mixing on a twin-screw extruder from JiangsuXindaScience & Technology. The structure of the obtained composites was investigated using X-ray diff raction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results of testing the obtained composites, which were used to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties, are presented: the melt fl ow index, impact strength according to Izod, modulus of elasticity, ultimate strength and elongation at break. ICompared to unfi lled polypropylene, polymer composites with 3 wt.% organoclay are shown to increase: impact strength by 31.61% (without notch) and 12.8% (with notch of 5 mm); modulus of elasticity in bending by 8.3%; tensile modulus by 10,3%. When polypropylene is fi lled with 5 wt.% organoclay, the composites show increased: impact strength by 12.60% (without notch) and by 10.52% (with an notch of 5 mm); the modulus of elasticity in bending and tension are the same as in the previous case. A further increase in the content of organoclay to 7 wt.% leads to a slight decrease in mechanical properties. Acrylamide can be used as a modifi er of organic clay; it is easily accessible and cheap, used in large-scale production. The resulting composites can be used as structural materials.

scholarly journals Compression Molded Thermoplastic Composites Entirely Made of Recycled Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Sormunen ◽  
Timo Kärki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Hot Melt ◽  
Composite Samples

Recycled post-consumer high-density polyethylene pipe plastic was agglomerated into composite samples with wood, glass fiber, mineral wool, gypsum, and soapstone as recycled particulate fillers. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, and hardness were the mechanical properties evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on the broken surfaces of tensile strength samples to study the interfacial interactions between the composite matrix and the filler materials. Heat build-up, water absorption, and thickness swelling were the physical properties measured from the composites. The addition of particulate fillers demonstrated the weakening of the tensile and impact strength but significantly improved the rigidity of the post-consumer plastic. The composites filled with minerals had mechanical properties comparable to compression molded wood plastic composites but higher resistance to moisture. A lack of hot-melt mixing affected the mechanical properties adversely.

Effect of Dynamic Crosslinking on Mechanical Properties of PP/EPDM Blends

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2642-2650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kruliš ◽  
Ivan Fortelný ◽  
Josef Kovář
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
One Step ◽  
High Impact Strength ◽  
Dynamic Curing

The effect of dynamic curing of PP/EPDM blends with sulfur and thiuram disulfide systems on their mechanical properties was studied. The results were interpreted using the knowledge of the formation of phase structure in the blends during their melt mixing. It was shown, that a sufficiently slow curing reaction is necessary if a high impact strength is to be obtained. Only in such case, a fine and homogeneous dispersion of elastomer can be formed, which is the necessary condition for high impact strength of the blend. Using an inhibitor of curing in the system and a one-step method of dynamic curing leads to an increase in impact strength of blends. From the comparison of shear modulus and impact strength values, it follows that, at the stiffness, the dynamically cured blends have higher impact strength than the uncured ones.

scholarly journals The effect of foaming agent on mechanical and physical properties of Polypropylene

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SEDEF CAKIR 1 ◽  
MUHAMMED AYCICEK 1 ◽  
EDIZ ALTUN 2 ◽  
Akin Akinci 1
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Foaming Agents

In this study, Polypropylene (PP) foam materials were used with injection parameters such as melting, molding and injection temperatures. To produce foam materials, chemical foaming agents were used, and added to polymer materials as 1wt.%, 1.5wt.%, 2wt.%, 2.5wt.%, 3wt.%. The mechanical properties of foam samples were determined based on the parameters. Cell morphology characterization such as cell diameter, cell count, skin layer thickness and cell density, and mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength of polymer foams were examined.Generally, the closed-cell foam structure was obtained. The most important parameters affecting the cell morphology have been injection pressure, melt temperature and amount of foaming agent. With increasing the amount of foaming agent, cell density increased, foam density and mechanical properties decreased.

Effects of process parameters on the formability of sheet metal during plastic injection forming

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-543
Author(s):  
Mirigul Altan ◽  
Bora Sener ◽  
Mirigul Altan
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Effective Parameter ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Injection Speed ◽  
Aluminum Sheets ◽  
Plastic Injection ◽  
Thinning Rate

Abstract Plastic injection forming (PIF) is an alternative sheet metal forming method for complex geometrical parts with dimensions in low tolerance. This method is a combination of injection molding and hydroforming in which a molten polymer material has been injected over a sheet metal via a plastic injection molding machine. In this study, aluminum sheets 1.5 mm thick were shaped by PIF at various injection pressures, melt temperatures and injection speed. The effects of these parameters on the formability of the sheet metal were investigated using the experimental design technique. The thinning rate, flange radius and the hardness values of the shaped sheets were considered in the experimental study. Injection pressure was found to be the most effective parameter and melt temperature was the second degree effective parameter for the thinning rate. The usability of the PIF process in industrial applications as an alternative method was emphasized by comparing PIF with conventional hydroforming by means of the finite element method (Ls-Dyna). A 2.07 % deviation was observed between the FE results for hydroforming and the experimental results for PIF.

Effects of the Size of Wood Flour on Mechanical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bing Huang ◽  
Hu Hu Du ◽  
Wei Hong Wang ◽  
Hai Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites

In this article, wood-plastic composites(WPCs) were manufactured with wood flour(80～120mesh、40～80mesh、20～40mesh、10～20mesh) combing with high density polyethylene(HDPE). Effects of the size of wood flour on mechanical properies and density of composites were investigated. Results showed that particle size of wood flour had an important effect on properitiesof WPCs. Change of mesh number had a outstanding effect on flexural modulus, tensile modulus and impact strength, howere, little effect on flexural strength and tensile strength. When mesh number of wood flour changed from 80～120mesh to 10～20mesh,flexural modulus and tensile modulus were respectively enhanced by 42.4% and 28.4%, respectively, and impact strength was decreased by 35.5%.Size of wood flour basically had no effect on density of composite within 10～120mesh. The use of wood flour or fiber as fillers and reinforcements in thermoplastics has been gaining acceptance in commodity plastics applications in the past few years. WPCs are currently experiencing a dramatic increase in use. Most of them are used to produce window/door profiles,decking,railing,ang siding. Wood thermoplastic composites are manufactured by dispering wood fiber or wood flour(WF) into molten plastics to form composite materials by processing techniques such as extrusion,themoforming, and compression or injection molding[1]. WPCs have such advantages[2]：(1)With wood as filler can improve heat resistance and strength of plastic, and wood has a low cost, comparing with inorganic filler, wood has a low density. Wood as strengthen material has a great potential in improving tensile strength and flexural modulus[3]；(2) For composite of same volume, composites with wood as filler have a little abrasion for equipment and can be regenerated；(3)They have a low water absorption and low hygroscopic property, They are not in need of protective waterproof paint, at the same time, composite can be dyed and painted for them own needs；(4)They are superior to wood in resistantnce to crack、leaf mold and termite aspects, composites are the same biodegradation as wood；(5)They can be processed or connected like wood；（6）They can be processed into a lots of complicated shape product by means of extrusion or molding and so on, meanwhile, they have high-efficiency raw material conversion and itself recycle utilization[4]. While there are many sucesses to report in WPCs, there are still some issues that need to be addressed before this technology will reach its full potential. This technology involves two different types of materials: one hygroscopic(biomass) and one hydrophobic(plastic), so there are issues of phase separation and compatibilization[5]. In this paper, Effects of the size of wood powder on mechanical properties of WPCs were studied.

Molding and Optical Performance Simulations of a New Plastic Grating Lens for an Asymmetric LED Fog Lamp

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 2223-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Cheng Chen ◽  
Yen Chao Wang ◽  
Shi Chang Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Central Zone ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Mold Temperature ◽  
Stray Light ◽  
Optical Simulation ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Injection Speed ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Test Distance

This research focuses on the effect manufacture factors about the brightness and uniformity of multi-stage reflector. Trace-pro and 3D CAD model were used for optical simulations. The optical simulation results of grating lens and reflector were done as well as successfully developed the LED fog lamp. The results meet the regulations, R19 CLASS F3, of Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) at the test distance of 25 meters, and central zone under line6 achieves average over 3200cd. The optimal design of reflector is of third-order paraboloidal one to improve the brightness and uniformity. The acuter the microstructure’s tip is(R below 0.1mm), the better the apparent improving of eliminating stray light. In accordance with microstructure of grating lens, Moldex-3D is used to help the mold flow filling simulation and mold design. The mold cavity with microstructure was manufactured by the wire cutting and polishing processing. And the molding plastic was optics level PC (Polycarbonate). Both Taguchi’s method applied in Moldex-3D and real injection molding experiments showed that high melt temperature, low injection speed and suitable holding time can reduce warpage; in addition, using higher melt temperature, mold temperature and injection pressure can achieve higher degree of replication of micro features.

scholarly journals Morphological, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of 90/10 (WT %/WT %) PP/ABS Blends and their Polymer Nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 096369351702600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin R. Kubade ◽  
Pankaj Tambe ◽  
Hrushikesh B. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Selective Localization ◽  
Droplet Morphology ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are modified successfully using polyethyleneimine (PEI). The HNTs and HNTs modified using PEI filled 90/10 (wt/wt) polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) blends and its nanocomposites are prepared by melt mixing technique in presence of dual compatibilizer. Droplet morphology is refined in matrix as well as selective localization of HNTs modified using PEI shows increase in crystallinity of PP phase and formation of β-form of PP crystals. Uniform dispersion of HNTs modified using PEI in PP resulted in improvement in impact strength, tensile modulus and thermal stability. The enhancement in tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength for 1 wt% of HNTs modified using PEI filled 90/10 (wt/wt) PP/ABS blends with dual compatibilizer are 14.9, 20 and 15%, respectively.

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