scholarly journals Compression Molded Thermoplastic Composites Entirely Made of Recycled Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Sormunen ◽  
Timo Kärki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Hot Melt ◽  
Composite Samples

Recycled post-consumer high-density polyethylene pipe plastic was agglomerated into composite samples with wood, glass fiber, mineral wool, gypsum, and soapstone as recycled particulate fillers. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, and hardness were the mechanical properties evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on the broken surfaces of tensile strength samples to study the interfacial interactions between the composite matrix and the filler materials. Heat build-up, water absorption, and thickness swelling were the physical properties measured from the composites. The addition of particulate fillers demonstrated the weakening of the tensile and impact strength but significantly improved the rigidity of the post-consumer plastic. The composites filled with minerals had mechanical properties comparable to compression molded wood plastic composites but higher resistance to moisture. A lack of hot-melt mixing affected the mechanical properties adversely.

Mechanical Property Improvement of Poly(Butylene Succinate) by Reinforcing with Modified Fumed Silica

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasirada Weerasunthorn ◽  
Pranut Potiyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fumed Silica ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Ir Spectrophotometry

Fumed silica particles (SiO2) were directly added into poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by melt mixing process. The effects of amount of fumed silica particles on mechanical properties of PBS/fumed silica composites, those are tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength as well as flexural strength, were investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties decreased with increasing fumed silica loading (0-3 wt%). In order to increase polymer-filler interaction, fumed silica was treated with 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPMS), and its structure was analyzed by FT-IR spectrophotometry. The PBS/modified was found to possess better tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength and flexural strength that those of PBS/fumed silica composites.

Effects of the Size of Wood Flour on Mechanical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bing Huang ◽  
Hu Hu Du ◽  
Wei Hong Wang ◽  
Hai Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites

In this article, wood-plastic composites(WPCs) were manufactured with wood flour(80～120mesh、40～80mesh、20～40mesh、10～20mesh) combing with high density polyethylene(HDPE). Effects of the size of wood flour on mechanical properies and density of composites were investigated. Results showed that particle size of wood flour had an important effect on properitiesof WPCs. Change of mesh number had a outstanding effect on flexural modulus, tensile modulus and impact strength, howere, little effect on flexural strength and tensile strength. When mesh number of wood flour changed from 80～120mesh to 10～20mesh,flexural modulus and tensile modulus were respectively enhanced by 42.4% and 28.4%, respectively, and impact strength was decreased by 35.5%.Size of wood flour basically had no effect on density of composite within 10～120mesh. The use of wood flour or fiber as fillers and reinforcements in thermoplastics has been gaining acceptance in commodity plastics applications in the past few years. WPCs are currently experiencing a dramatic increase in use. Most of them are used to produce window/door profiles,decking,railing,ang siding. Wood thermoplastic composites are manufactured by dispering wood fiber or wood flour(WF) into molten plastics to form composite materials by processing techniques such as extrusion,themoforming, and compression or injection molding[1]. WPCs have such advantages[2]：(1)With wood as filler can improve heat resistance and strength of plastic, and wood has a low cost, comparing with inorganic filler, wood has a low density. Wood as strengthen material has a great potential in improving tensile strength and flexural modulus[3]；(2) For composite of same volume, composites with wood as filler have a little abrasion for equipment and can be regenerated；(3)They have a low water absorption and low hygroscopic property, They are not in need of protective waterproof paint, at the same time, composite can be dyed and painted for them own needs；(4)They are superior to wood in resistantnce to crack、leaf mold and termite aspects, composites are the same biodegradation as wood；(5)They can be processed or connected like wood；（6）They can be processed into a lots of complicated shape product by means of extrusion or molding and so on, meanwhile, they have high-efficiency raw material conversion and itself recycle utilization[4]. While there are many sucesses to report in WPCs, there are still some issues that need to be addressed before this technology will reach its full potential. This technology involves two different types of materials: one hygroscopic(biomass) and one hydrophobic(plastic), so there are issues of phase separation and compatibilization[5]. In this paper, Effects of the size of wood powder on mechanical properties of WPCs were studied.

scholarly journals Effect of Ading Nanocarbon Black on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Amer Hameed Majeed ◽  
Mohammed S. Hamza ◽  
Hayder Raheem Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Dispersion Method ◽  
Carbon Black Nanoparticles

The study covers the effect of nanocarbon black particles (N220) on some important mechanical properties of epoxy reinforced with it [carbon black nanoparticles]. The nanocomposites were prepared with (1 to 10 wt. %) of carbon black nanoparticles using ultrasonic wave bath machine dispersion method. The results had shown that the tensile strength , tensile modulus of elasticity, flexural strength and impact strength are improved by (24.02%,7.93%,17.3% and 6% ) respectively at 2wt % .The compressive strength and hardness are improved by (44.4%, 12%) at 4wt%.

Mechanical properties of unidirectional aligned bagasse fibers/vinyl ester composite

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayyanar Athijayamani ◽  
Balasubramaniam Stalin ◽  
Susaiyappan Sidhardhan ◽  
Azeez Batcha Alavudeen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Short Beam ◽  
Beam Shear ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present study describes the preparation of aligned unidirectional bagasse fiber-reinforced vinyl ester (BFRVE) composites and their mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, shear and impact strength. Composites were prepared by a hand lay-up technique developed in our laboratory with the help of a hot press. Mechanical properties were obtained for different fiber contents by varying the number of layers. The obtained tensile property values were compared with the theoretical results. The results show that the tensile strength increased linearly up to 44 wt% and then dropped. However, the tensile modulus increased linearly from 17 wt% to 60 wt%. In the case of flexural properties, the flexural strength increased up to 53 wt% and started to decrease. However, the flexural modulus also increased linearly up to 60 wt%. The impact strength values were higher than the matrix materials for all the specimens. The short beam shear strength values were also increased up to 53 wt% and then dropped. The modified Bowyer and Bader (MBB) model followed by the Hirsch model shows a very good agreement with experimental results in both tensile strength and modulus.

Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk Reinforced Polyethylene Composites Using Experiments with Mixtures

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Bilal ◽  
Richard Lin ◽  
Krishnan Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength

In recent years, the use of agro-wastes, such as rice husk (RH), in the manufacture of thermoplastic composites to replace wood fibres has emerged as a promising field of interest. Linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE) and ground rice husk (GRH) were used to manufacture composites. The D-optimal design routine in Design Expert software was used to select ten different blends with different percentages of RH, MDPE and compatibiliser, maleated polyethylene (MAPE) along with four replicate blends. RH was varied between 15 to 50 wt%, MAPE between 1 to 6 wt% and MDPE between 44 to 84 wt%. The effects of RH, MDPE and MAPE content on the mechanical properties of the manufactured composites were examined. The results show that tensile and flexural properties of the composites were improved, whereas, Charpy impact strength was decreased with increasing RH loading. The effect of MAPE on tensile strength and Charpy impact strength was significant, but its effect was negligible on tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites.

Morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/ethylene acrylic acid/maleic anhybride-grafted polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Tian ◽  
Shuhao Qin ◽  
Fuzhong Wu ◽  
Huixin Jin ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Melt Mixing

Polypropylene (PP)/ethylene acrylic acid (EAA)/maleic anhybride-grafted PP (PP- g-MA)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared using the melt mixing technique, and PP- g-MA and EAA were employed as the compatibilizers. The sodium montmorillonite (MMT) were pretreated with high-speed airflow pulverization method and then grafted using γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, followed by modification using trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride cation with supercritical carbon dioxide as the reaction medium (the obtained product was abbreviated as OGMMT). The modification of MMT was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of organoclay content on microstructure and mechanical properties of PP/EAA/PP- g-MA/OGMMT nanocomposites was investigated by XRD, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile strength, notched impact strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus. The results show that the OGMMT has a high weight loss, a large d-spacing increment, and exfoliation predomination structure. The addition of compatibilizers benefited the formation of exfoliated structure and the dispersion of OGMMT in PP matrix, and hence, enhanced the storage modulus ( G′) below the glass transition temperature ( Tg), storage modulus ( G″), Tg, tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of the nanocomposites. Furthermore, with the increasing OGMMT content, the nanocomposites exhibited very inconsiderable alteration in the clay dispersion level and enhanced G′ below the Tg, G″, tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of the nanocomposites, whereas the Tg was invariant. As a whole, the introduction of compatibilizers and OGMMT led to the reduction of notched impact strength, which also nearly linearly decreased with increasing clay content.

scholarly journals Morphology and Mechanical Properties of NBR/PVC Hybrid Nanocomposites

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2606-2611
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Cooh Group ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Morphology And Mechanical Properties

In this present work NBR/PVC conventional composite containing 70phr carbon black (CB) is taken for study. In order to reduce the utilization of CB, new hybrid nanocomposites containing varied content of both CB(40phr -55phr) and graphenenanoplatelets (GNP) (3phr-9phr) were developed by melt-mixing on a two roll mill and their morphology and mechanical properties were tested and compared with conventional composite. FESEM studies evident that the formation of exfoliated structures of GNP and formation of local CB-GNP hybrid filler network which ensures proper and compatible mixing in the composites. It is also found that mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, swelling resistance, hardness and compression set increases with increase in GNP content from 3 to 6phr and whereas tensile modulus and tear strength increases with increase in GNP content from 3 to 9phr. Further the developed NBR/PVC hybrid nanocompositescontaining 55phr of CB and 3phr of GNP exhibited an improvement of 6.8%, 27.9% +1 shore A and 4.1% in tensile strength, tensile modulus, hardness, swelling resistance in comparison to the conventional composite containing 70phr CB. The better performance of NBR/PVC hybrid nanocomposites can be mainly attributed to high surface area of functionalized nanographene and its enhanced interactions with the NBR/PVC matrix, enhanced CB-GNP interactions, improved dispersion of graphene in the rubber blend due the presence of COOH group on the surface of graphene layers and formation of more cross-links between rubber and fillers with increase in nanofiller content . These newly developed hybrid nanocomposites can be used in automotive sector especially for oil seal applications where low compression set and high solvent resistance are of prime importance.

scholarly journals Infl uence of Na+-montmorillonite modifi ed with acrylamide on the structure and properties of polypropylene

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
M. B. Begieva ◽  
D. B. Amshokova ◽  
L. R. Pashtova ◽  
R. CH. Bazheva ◽  
A. M. Kharaev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Sodium Form

Sodium form montmorillonite was obtained from natural clay from the Gerpegezh deposit (Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia). A procedure has been developed for modifying the sodium form of montmorillonite using acrylamide. The structure of the organoclay was confi rmed by IR spectroscopy. Composites based on polypropylene and modifi ed montmorillonite are obtained by melt mixing on a twin-screw extruder from JiangsuXindaScience & Technology. The structure of the obtained composites was investigated using X-ray diff raction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results of testing the obtained composites, which were used to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties, are presented: the melt fl ow index, impact strength according to Izod, modulus of elasticity, ultimate strength and elongation at break. ICompared to unfi lled polypropylene, polymer composites with 3 wt.% organoclay are shown to increase: impact strength by 31.61% (without notch) and 12.8% (with notch of 5 mm); modulus of elasticity in bending by 8.3%; tensile modulus by 10,3%. When polypropylene is fi lled with 5 wt.% organoclay, the composites show increased: impact strength by 12.60% (without notch) and by 10.52% (with an notch of 5 mm); the modulus of elasticity in bending and tension are the same as in the previous case. A further increase in the content of organoclay to 7 wt.% leads to a slight decrease in mechanical properties. Acrylamide can be used as a modifi er of organic clay; it is easily accessible and cheap, used in large-scale production. The resulting composites can be used as structural materials.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene (PP) – Montmorillonite (MMT) Nanocomposites for Pre-Fabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
N.A. Selamat ◽  
M.N. M.Ansari ◽  
Zainudin Yahya ◽  
Ragunatha E.Naicker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Injection Speed ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
Vertical Drain

Polypropylene (PP) – montmorillonite (MMT) blends were prepared by melt-mixing method followed by injection molding method. The optimum process melt-temperature was set at 1950C, the injection speed of 15cc/s, injection pressure of 30MPa and cooling time of 20 sec. was used for the sample preparation. Investigation shows, addition of MMT nanoparticles have improved the mechanical properties. The tensile test and impact test were conducted at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The tensile modulus and yield strength improved with increasing MMT content, however, elongation at break was reduced as the MMT content was increased from 2wt% to 8wt%. The Izod impact strength is also affected by the addition of MMT content. Nanocomposites based on PP containing 8wt% of MMT showed higher impact strength than the other compositions and Neat PP (control). The influence of MMT content on impact strength increased with MMT content which is a significant result required for pre-fabricated vertical drain (PVD). Further investigations are required to study the mechanical properties of the PVD using PP – MMT nanocomposites to replace the existing material (PP).

Effect of Dynamic Crosslinking on Mechanical Properties of PP/EPDM Blends

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2642-2650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kruliš ◽  
Ivan Fortelný ◽  
Josef Kovář
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
One Step ◽  
High Impact Strength ◽  
Dynamic Curing

The effect of dynamic curing of PP/EPDM blends with sulfur and thiuram disulfide systems on their mechanical properties was studied. The results were interpreted using the knowledge of the formation of phase structure in the blends during their melt mixing. It was shown, that a sufficiently slow curing reaction is necessary if a high impact strength is to be obtained. Only in such case, a fine and homogeneous dispersion of elastomer can be formed, which is the necessary condition for high impact strength of the blend. Using an inhibitor of curing in the system and a one-step method of dynamic curing leads to an increase in impact strength of blends. From the comparison of shear modulus and impact strength values, it follows that, at the stiffness, the dynamically cured blends have higher impact strength than the uncured ones.

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