scholarly journals Lithosphere Protection with Hardening Phosphate-Containing Soil-Cement Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.7) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Larisa Svatovskaya ◽  
Anastasia Sychovа ◽  
Maxim Sychov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Good For ◽  
Ionic Contaminants

This research is relevant in the light of a need to protect lithosphere from pollution. A solution to this problem can be the exercise of a geoecoprotective function by using building and construction technologies. Phosphate-containing bonding agents usually have low solubility in water. They are made of aluminosilicates that occur in common clay. These minerals react with phosphoric acid to release phosphates and silica gel with absorption properties. The purpose of this research is to make fake rocks from phosphate clay material, intended for building and construction purposes, and to investigate their longevity. The material used was treated to neutralize and detoxify the mobile ionic contaminants and heavy metal compounds, as well as petroleum pollutants, so that at the end we could get construction material like fake rocks or improved aggregates that would be good for the environment. These cement systems are called the geoecoprotective systems. The leading methods that were applied were thermodynamic and experimental studies of service and geoecoprotective properties of phosphate-containing cement systems, more specifically fake landscape rocks. Selected studies lasted for more than 10 years, and were carried out in accordance with the guidelines, adopted in the Russian Federation. This research shows that phosphate-containing cement systems made from contaminated clay/sandy artificial soils have long-lasting properties like strength, frost resistance, water resistance and contaminant binding. From this perspective, they are good for building and construction. For example, they can be used to improve the contaminated soil on road construction sites by detoxifying it until water-resistant products, and to make long-lasting water-resistant solutions from local raw materials that would be good for waste storage.                                                      

scholarly journals The appliance of prefabricated soil-cement slabs processed with a hydrophobizing material for the road construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04026
Author(s):  
Sergey Sannikov ◽  
Sergey Kuyukov ◽  
Alexey Zamyatin ◽  
Alexandr Zhigailov
Keyword(s):  
Crack Formation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
The Road ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Cement Mixture ◽  
Scale Experiment

The paper presents a complex method for increasing water resistance and reducing crack formation by using a prefabricated foundation of soil-cement slabs with surface processing with a hydrophobizing material on basis of organosilicon compounds. Theoretical, laboratory and full-scale experimental studies were made. Theoretical studies are based on the substantiation of the geometric parameters of the slab in order to exclude the probability of its destruction under its own weight during building and installation works. The result of the first stage of laboratory studies is the determination of the optimum composition of soil-cement mixture in order to achieve a grade of strength M20. At the second stage, the effectiveness of the influence of hydrophobizing materials "Tiprom U" and "Penetron-Admix" on water absorption and compressive strength of soil-cement was determined. The final stage of the research was a full-scale experiment. In the factory environment, soil-cement slabs were manufactured in metal forms. Based on the results of the research, conclusions about the effectiveness of this complex method were made. The use of soil-cement slabs allows reducing crack formation, as well as to work all year round due to manufacturing and surface treatment of slabs in the factory conditions.

scholarly journals Study of the mechanism of pre-burned ash leaching by hydrochloric acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (319) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
N.K. Dosmukhamedov ◽  
◽  
E.E. Zholdasbay ◽  
G.S. Daruesh ◽  
A.A. Argyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Acid Consumption ◽  
Aluminum Iron ◽  
Limiting Stage ◽  
Aluminum Compounds ◽  
Low Solubility

The use of hydrochloric acid for processing aluminum-containing raw materials has a number of advantages over other acids, which include: easy decomposition of aluminum compounds with the transfer of aluminum into solution; low solubility of silica in HCl, the possibility of complete separation of the solid residue without significant losses of acid, etc. The paper considers the possibility of using the method for processing ash and slag dumps accumulated in large volumes in the country. Based on the thermodynamic analysis of reactions of interaction between ash components and hydrochloric acid, the behavior of aluminum, iron and nonferrous metal compounds during leaching is studied. It was shown that the preliminary roasting of ash with calcium chloride provides a high extraction of aluminum in the solution from the cinder. Based on experimental studies, the influence of time, temperature and acid consumption on the degree of aluminum extraction into the solution has been established. At optimal conditions of leaching conducted at S:L = 1:3, T = 60 ºC, τ = 60 min extraction of aluminum in a solution as chloride amounted to 99.92 %. At the same time the extraction of silica in solid sediment due to the maximum transfer of impurities in the solution was 99.8 %. The mechanism of the leaching process is proposed. The values of activation energy and the order of the reaction, indicating the complex 3-step character of the reactions, have been calculated. It is established that the limiting stage during leaching is the dissolution of anorthite.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE OIL SLUDGE HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION AND THE PROSPECTS FOR THEIR USE IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF EXPANDED CLAY PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (443) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Bisenov Kylyshbai Aldabergenovich, ◽  
◽  
Narmanova Roza Abdibekovna, ◽  
Appazov Nurbol Orynbassaruly, ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The article presents the results of gas chromatographic studies of the oil sludge hydrocarbon composition, physical and chemical and heat-producing properties, which enabled to assess the potential of oil sludge as raw materials, their assortment predisposition and possible manufacturability. It has been established that the main physical and chemical characteristics of the organic part from the averaged samples of oil sludge are similar in properties to raw materials for the production of kerosene-diesel fractions. The expediency of the use of oil sludge and weakly bloating clay materials in the production technology of the popular construction material – expanded clay is substantiated. The results of experimental studies on the development of light and porous heat insulating material by granulation method are presented herein. It is shown that oil sludge from a high viscous state is transferred to a loose conglomerate with a moisture content of 12–15% by co-mixing with finely dispersed sand dune, which ensures uniform distribution when mixed with the basic mass. The peculiarities of granules burning according to a specially developed mode without preliminary drying are considered. It has been established that the addition of oil sludge increases the organic content in the mixture, thereby intensifying the process of combustion, gas generation and bloating of the ceramic body, which will positively affect the technological parameters of obtaining а product. It is found that the proposed technology allows to obtain marketable products, which can be used efficiently. At the same time, the unconditional priority is given to waste-free technologies, as the most environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals Prediction of Structural Performance of Vinyl Ester Polymer Concrete Using FEM Elasto-Plastic Model

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Józefiak ◽  
Rafał Michalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Analytical Formula ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Structural Applications

This paper presents the methodology for predicting the mechanical performance of structural elements made of polymer concrete (PC). A vinyl ester polymer concrete composition and the results of experimental studies to determine the basic mechanical properties of the material are presented. Following the strategy for sustainable development in the building industry, the material cost of polymer concrete was lowered by reducing the consumption of raw materials and the partial replacing of the microfiller fraction with recycled waste products—calcium fly ash. An accurate computational model enabling stress analysis is a convenient way to verify the suitability of PC as a construction material in structural applications. Due to difficulty in deriving an accurate analytical formula, numerical approximation (finite element method) was used as a method for solving the problem. Constitutive modeling of PC is a very important aspect of the strength calculations and here it was done within the framework of elasto-plasticity. Numerical evaluation of the static bearing capacity of PC manhole covers is shown as an example of the proposed FEM methodology. The results of computer simulations were compared with laboratory tests. Finally, the adequacy of the numerical modeling for testing new construction and material improvements is discussed. The study showed that the concrete damaged plasticity material model can be effectively used for the description of PC mechanical behavior.

scholarly journals Reutilización de Ripios de perforación en base agua como material de construcción / Reusing of drilling residues with water based as construction material

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Sara Rojas Blanco ◽  
Olivia Atiaga Franco ◽  
David Vinicio Carrera Villacrés
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Average Compressive Strength

La creciente actividad hidrocarburífera en Ecuador intensificó la extracción de crudo, generando volúmenes considerables de Ripios de Perforación, los cuales por sus características físico-químicas no son reincorporados en el proceso, convirtiéndolos en desecho. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el potencial de reutilización de ripios de perforación en base agua como material de construcción, obteniendo muestras representativas de los ripios, que fueron dispuestos en celdas de confinamiento durante enero 2009 a agosto 2012 en el Área Operativa Shushufindi EP PETROECUADOR. Los resultados físico-químicos y mecánicos, analizados en laboratorio, determinaron como alternativas la estabilización con cemento para base en vías y la fabricación de ladrillos. En ambos casos se realizaron pruebas de resistencia a la compresión inconfinada y lixiviación, concluyendo que para base en vías necesita adicionar 10% de cemento colocando una barrera económica, mientras que los ladrillos no requieren otras materias primas y dan resistencias de 22,6MPa. Las pruebas de lixiviación mostraron reducción en la concentración de hidrocarburos totales de petróleo (TPH), bario, cromo, cadmio y níquel permitiendo en la práctica fabricar ladrillos artesanales con resistencia de 19MPa y 22% de absorción de humedad, útiles para construir muros sin exposición a humedades extremas.Palabras Clave: Estabilización, solidificación y reutilización. The growing petroleum activity in Ecuador has intensified the extraction of crude oil, generating substantial volumes of drill cuttings which, by their physicochemical characteristics, are not reincorporated in the process turning them into scrap. Given this, the objective was to determine the potential for reuse of water-based drill cuttings as a building material.This investigation obtained representative samples of cuttings that were disposed of in hazardous waste pits from January 2009 to August 2012 by the Public Company Petroecuador, operating in Shushufindi. The mechanical, physical, and chemical properties were analyzed in the laboratory for determining the material as a soil-cement alternative or for use in fabricating bricks. In both cases unconfined compressive strength and leaching was carried out and concluded that, for use as a soil-cement alternative there should be the addition of 10% cement with economic considerations. Brick design required no other raw materials and gave an average compressive strength of 22.6MPa. Leaching tests showed reduction in the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), barium, chromium, cadmium and nickel, allowing for practical manufacturing of bricks in small production with an average compressive strength of 19MPa and 22% moisture absorption. These bricks would be useful for walls with low exposure to humidity.

A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kichigina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

CREDO RADON UA – INFORMATION MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF ROAD CONSTRACTION

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Karedin ◽  
Nadiya Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Residual Deformation ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Road Pavement

CREDO RADON UA software provides an automated calculation of the strength of the pavement structures of non-rigid and rigid types, as well as the calculation of the strengthening of existing structures. In the article, one can see the main features and functionality of the CREDO RADON UA software, the main points in the calculations according to the new regulations. Information support of the design process includes necessary databases, informational and helping materials that make up the full support of the pavement design process. The concept of CREDO RADON UA 1.0 software is made on the use of elasticity theory methods in calculations of initial information models of pavements. Performing optimization calculations, the roadwear in CREDO RADON UA is designed in such a way that no unacceptable residual deformation occurs under the influence of short-term dynamic or static loading in the working layer of the earth bed and in the structural layers during the lifetime of the structure. The calculation algorithms were made in accordance with the current regulatory documents of Ukraine. CREDO RADON UA software allows user to create information bases on road construction materials and vehicles as part of the traffic flow for calculations. The presented system of automated modeling makes it easier for the customer to control the quality of design solutions, to reasonably assign designs to layers of reinforcement, to quickly make comparisons of calculations of different designs for the optimal use of allocated funds. Prospects for further improvement of the program should be the results of theoretical and experimental studies on filling the databases, which are used as information support for automated design of road structures. Keywords: CREDO RADON UA, road, computer-aided design, repair project, road pavement, strengthening, construction, rigid pavement, elasticity module, a transport stream, calculation method, information support, dynamic or static loading.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

scholarly journals Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Gigliola D’Angelo ◽  
Marina Fumo ◽  
Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽  
Ilaria Capasso ◽  
Assunta Campanile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Crushed Brick

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

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