User Generated Social Tags Versus Librarian Generated Subject Headings, A Comparative Study in the Domain of History

Social tagging allows users to assign any free-form keywords as tags to any digital resources through a decentralised way. Many information scientists find that there are similarities through their studies between usergenerated social tags and the librarian-generated subject headings for the libraries. The present study was conducted to identify the similarity and dissimilarity between user-generated social tags and librarian-generated subject terms of 1000 books in the domain of History. The study also conducted to identify whether social tags can replace controlled vocabularies. The study finds that only a small portion of terms overlaps with each other (3.54 % of social tags & 56.07 % of SLSH terms) and Spearman’s rank correlation proves that there is a good association between overlapping terms. Jaccard similarity coefficient highlights that users and the librarian use different terminologies (as J = 0.13, 0.12 & 0.11). Individual title wise comparison also defines that 90 per cent (88.4 %) of all book titles where users and the librarian use at least one common term. Users use the least subject & non-subject terms but use some personal tags for personal benefit whereas the librarian use only subject & non-subject terms. Matching with each book title clarifies that for describing resources users mostly use title based keywords (696) whereas the librarian use very little title based keywords (113). The study clearly defines that social tags can enhance the experience of library users. If it can be exploited properly it can complement to controlled vocabularies but can not replace the controlled vocabularies used for libraries a long time. Overall the study explicitly identifies the viability regarding the adoption of social tags into the library databases where the resources in the field of history will be accessed.

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A Study of the Relationships between Nursing Students’ Meanings of Life, Positive Beliefs, and Well-Being

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol03-i01/02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Fu-Ju Tsai ◽

Cheng-Yu Chen ◽

Gwo-Liang Yeh ◽

Yih-Jin Hu ◽

Chie-Chien Tseng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Meaning Of Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Social Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nursing Educators ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Background: Nursing educators should train nursing students to pursue physical, psychological, spiritual, and social health promotion. The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between nursing students’ meaning of life, positive beliefs, and well-being. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study with a quantitative approach was adopted. Purposive sampling was used. A total of 170 nursing students voluntarily participated in this study. A 56-item questionnaire was used to examine nursing students’ meaning of life (1-25 items), positive beliefs (1-11 items), and well-being (1-20 items). The content validity index (CVI) of the study questionnaire was established as 0.95 by seven expert scholars. The reliability values for the three parts of the measure were as follows: meaning of life, Cronbach’s α 0.96; positive beliefs, Cronbach’s α 0.93; and well-being, Cronbach’s α 0.95. Percentages, frequencies, means, SDs, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by rank, Spearman’s rank correlation, one-way analysis of variance, Spearman’s rho correlation, and regression analysis were used for the data analysis. Results: Nursing students had the following mean scores: meaning of life with 4.02 (SD 0.56); positive beliefs with 3.92 (SD 0.62); and well-being with 3.95 (SD 0.57). The results indicate that for all nursing students, meaning of life was positively correlated with positive beliefs, r=0.83 (P<.01); similarly, all nursing students had positive beliefs that were positively correlated with meaning of life, r=0.83 (P<.01). In the results of the study, the nursing students’ background, meaning of life and positive beliefs explained 63% of the variance in well-being (Adjusted R2 squared =0.63, F=33.41, P<.001). Conclusions: Nursing students’ sense of meaning of life and positive beliefs may impact their well-being. Therefore, nursing educators can promote meaning of life and positive beliefs to nursing students as a way to increase their well-being for physical, psychological, spiritual, and social health promotion.

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Deregulation of lncRNA HIST1H2AG-6 and AIM1-3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

BMC Medical Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12920-021-00994-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hui Jiang ◽

Peian Lou ◽

Xiaoluo Chen ◽

Chenguang Wu ◽

Shihe Shao

Keyword(s):

Roc Curve ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is mainly affected by genetic and environmental factors; however, the correlation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with T2DM remains largely unknown. Methods Microarray analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in patients with T2DM and healthy controls, and the expression of two candidate lncRNAs (lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 and lnc-AIM1-3) were further validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to measure the degree of association between the two candidate lncRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs. Furthermore, the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway and GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment analysis were used to reveal the biological functions of the two candidate lncRNAs. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed. Results The microarray analysis revealed that there were 55 lncRNAs and 36 mRNAs differentially expressed in patients with T2DM compared with healthy controls. Notably, lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 was significantly upregulated and lnc-AIM1-3 was significantly downregulated in patients with T2DM, which was validated in a large-scale qRT-PCR examination (90 controls and 100 patients with T2DM). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient revealed that both lncRNAs were correlated with 36 differentially expressed mRNAs. Furthermore, functional enrichment (KEGG and GO) analysis demonstrated that the two lncRNA-related mRNAs might be involved in multiple biological functions, including cell programmed death, negative regulation of insulin receptor signal, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 and lnc-AIM1-3 were significantly correlated with T2DM (OR = 5.791 and 0.071, respectively, both P = 0.000). Furthermore, the ROC curve showed that the expression of lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 and lnc-AIM1-3 might be used to differentiate patients with T2DM from healthy controls (area under the ROC curve = 0.664 and 0.769, respectively). Conclusion The profiles of lncRNA and mRNA were significantly changed in patients with T2DM. The expression levels of lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 and lnc-AIM1-3 genes were significantly correlated with some features of T2DM, which may be used to distinguish patients with T2DM from healthy controls and may serve as potential novel biomarkers for diagnosis in the future.

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Magnetic resonance cisternography imaging findings related to the leakage of Gadolinium into the subarachnoid space

Japanese Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1007/s11604-021-01137-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rei Nakamichi ◽

Toshiaki Taoka ◽

Hisashi Kawai ◽

Tadao Yoshida ◽

Michihiko Sone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Subarachnoid Space ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Predictive Performance ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Imaging Findings ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽

Sagittal Sinus ◽

Magnetic Resonance Cisternography

Abstract Purpose To identify magnetic resonance cisternography (MRC) imaging findings related to Gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) leakage into the subarachnoid space. Materials and methods The number of voxels of GBCA leakage (V-leak) on 3D-real inversion recovery images was measured in 56 patients scanned 4 h post-intravenous GBCA injection. Bridging veins (BVs) were identified on MRC. The numbers of BVs with surrounding cystic structures (BV-cyst), with arachnoid granulations protruding into the superior sagittal sinus (BV-AG-SSS) and the skull (BV-AG-skull), and including any of these factors (BV-incl) were recorded. Correlations between these variables and V-leak were examined based on the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to investigate the predictive performance of GBCA leakage. Results V-leak and the number of BV-incl were strongly correlated (r = 0.609, p < 0.0001). The numbers of BV-cyst and BV-AG-skull had weaker correlations with V-leak (r = 0.364, p = 0.006; r = 0.311, p = 0.020, respectively). The number of BV-AG-SSS was not correlated with V-leak. The ROC curve for contrast leakage exceeding 1000 voxels and the number of BV-incl had moderate accuracy, with an area under the curve of 0.871. Conclusion The number of BV-incl may be a predictor of GBCA leakage and a biomarker for waste drainage function without using GBCA.

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Predicting presenteeism using measures of health status

Quality of Life Research ◽

10.1007/s11136-021-02936-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cheryl Jones ◽

Katherine Payne ◽

Alexander Thompson ◽

Suzanne M. M. Verstappen

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Online Survey ◽

Activity Index ◽

Work Productivity ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Statistical Correlation ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Mapping Algorithm ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Abstract Objectives To identify whether it is feasible to develop a mapping algorithm to predict presenteeism using multiattribute measures of health status. Methods Data were collected using a bespoke online survey in a purposive sample (n = 472) of working individuals with a self-reported diagnosis of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Survey respondents were recruited using an online panel company (ResearchNow). This study used data captured using two multiattribute measures of health status (EQ5D-5 level; SF6D) and a measure of presenteeism (WPAI, Work Productivity Activity Index). Statistical correlation between the WPAI and the two measures of health status (EQ5D-5 level; SF6D) was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation. Five regression models were estimated to quantify the relationship between WPAI and predict presenteeism using health status. The models were specified based in index and domain scores and included covariates (age; gender). Estimated and observed presenteeism were compared using tenfold cross-validation and evaluated using Root mean square error (RMSE). Results A strong and negative correlation was found between WPAI and: EQ5D-5 level and WPAI (r = − 0.64); SF6D (r =− 0.60). Two models, using ordinary least squares regression were identified as the best performing models specifying health status using: SF6D domains with age interacted with gender (RMSE = 1.7858); EQ5D-5 Level domains and age interacted with gender (RMSE = 1.7859). Conclusions This study provides indicative evidence that two existing measures of health status (SF6D and EQ5D-5L) have a quantifiable relationship with a measure of presenteeism (WPAI) for an exemplar application of working individuals with RA. A future study should assess the external validity of the proposed mapping algorithms.

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Multi-Method Vs Single Method Appraisal of Clinical Quality Indicators for the Emergency Medical Services

International Journal for Quality in Health Care ◽

10.1093/intqhc/mzaa171 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ian Howard ◽

Peter Cameron ◽

Maaret Castrén ◽

Lee Wallis ◽

Veronica Lindström

Keyword(s):

Group Discussion ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Healthcare Setting ◽

Prehospital Emergency Care ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽

Prehospital Emergency ◽

Single Method ◽

Multi Method Approach ◽

The Individual ◽

Method Approach

ABSTRACT Background Quality Indicator (QI) appraisal protocols are a novel methodology that combines multiple appraisal methods to comprehensively assess the "appropriateness" of QIs for a particular healthcare setting. However, they remain inadequately explored compared to the single appraisal method approach. This paper aimed to describe and test a QI appraisal protocol versus the single method approach, against a series of QIs potentially relevant to the South African Prehospital Emergency Care setting. Methods An appraisal protocol was developed consisting of two categorical-based appraisal methods, combined with the qualitative analysis of the discussion generated during the consensus application of each method. The output of the protocol was assessed and compared with the application and output of each method. Inter-rater reliability of each particular method was evaluated prior to group consensus rating. Variation in the number of non-valid QIs and the proportion of non-valid QIs identified between each method and the protocol were compared and assessed. Results There was mixed IRR of the individual methods. There was similarly low to moderate correlation of the results obtained between the particular methods (Spearman’s rank correlation=0.42,p<0.001). From a series of 104 QIs, 11 non-valid QIs were identified that were shared between the individual methods. A further 19 non-valid QIs were identified and not shared by each method, highlighting the benefits of a multi-method approach. The outcomes were additionally evident in the group discussion analysis, which in and of itself added further input that would not have otherwise been captured by the individual methods alone. Conclusion The utilization of a multi-method appraisal protocol offers multiple benefits, when compared to the single appraisal approach, and can provide the confidence that the outcomes of the appraisal will ensure a strong foundation on which the QI framework can be successfully implemented.

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Is HBA1C reliable in diagnosing diabetes in the acute phase of acute coronary syndromes?

European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care ◽

10.1093/ehjacc/zuab020.104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M Stratinaki ◽

K Milaki ◽

S Stavrakis ◽

M Pitarokoilis ◽

E Charitakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Mean Value ◽

Gensini Score ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽

Coronary Syndromes ◽

One Way Anova

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Hospitalization due to acute coronary syndromes (ACS) usually is the occasion that leads to diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Current literature suggests that the severity of the ACS could be associated with the presence and the severity of DM. Purpose To study the reliability of HbA1c in the diagnosis of T2DM in the acute phase of ACS, as well as the presence of possible correlation between the HbA1c and the severity of ACS. Methods We evaluated 160 consecutive patients admitted due to ACS. HbA1c was measured on day 1 and day 90. HbA1c >6.5% was used to diagnose T2DM and HbA1c 5.7-6.4% was used to diagnose pre-diabetes. The severity of ACS was assessed via Gensini score. Results are interpreted as mean ± SD. Comparisons were made by one way ANOVA(p < 0.05 was regarded statistically significant).Spearman’s rank correlation was used to study the correlation between Gensini score and the other parameters. Results Mean age was 59.73 ± 12.21 years. 103/160(64.37%) were male and 57/160(35.63%) were female. 19/160(11.87%) were diagnosed as STEMI and 141/160(88.13%) as NSTEMI. Mean BMI was 29.55 ± 8.41 kg/m2 and mean Hb 12.62 ± 2.08 g/dl. On day 1, 43/160 (26.87%) had HbA1c > 6.5% and 41/160(25.62%) HbA1c 5.7-6.4%. On day 90, 28/160 (17.5%) had HbA1c > 6.5% and 52/160(32.5%) HbA1c 5.7-6.4%. Gensini score varied between 0-144 with mean value 40.26 ±35.9. A strong correlation was found between Gensini score and HbA1c on admission as well as on day 90 (rho-0.36, p < 0.05 and rho = 0.32, p < 0.05 respectively). Conclusion HbA1c seems to be reliable in the identification of pre-diabetes but not T2DM in the acute phase of ACS. The correlation of the severity between ACS and HbA1c seems to relate with the worst prognosis of T2DM patients.

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An enhanced chimp optimization algorithm for continuous optimization domains

Complex & Intelligent Systems ◽

10.1007/s40747-021-00346-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heming Jia ◽

Kangjian Sun ◽

Wanying Zhang ◽

Xin Leng

Keyword(s):

Social Status ◽

Optimization Algorithm ◽

Continuous Optimization ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Function Optimization ◽

Local Optimum ◽

Hunting Behavior ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽

Engineering Design Problems ◽

Application Fields

AbstractChimp optimization algorithm (ChOA) is a recently proposed metaheuristic. Interestingly, it simulates the social status relationship and hunting behavior of chimps. Due to the more flexible and complex application fields, researchers have higher requirements for native algorithms. In this paper, an enhanced chimp optimization algorithm (EChOA) is proposed to improve the accuracy of solutions. First, the highly disruptive polynomial mutation is used to initialize the population, which provides the foundation for global search. Next, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of the chimps with the lowest social status is calculated with respect to the leader chimp. To reduce the probability of falling into the local optimum, the beetle antennae operator is used to improve the less fit chimps while gaining visual capability. Three strategies enhance the exploration and exploitation of the native algorithm. To verify the function optimization performance, EChOA is comprehensively analyzed on 12 classical benchmark functions and 15 CEC2017 benchmark functions. Besides, the practicability of EChOA is also highlighted by three engineering design problems and training multilayer perceptron. Compared with ChOA and five state-of-the-art algorithms, the statistical results show that EChOA has strong competitive capabilities and promising prospects.

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Association between Endoscopic Milk-White Mucosa, Epithelial Intracellular Lipid Droplets, and Histological Grade of Superficial Non-Ampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11050769 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 769

Author(s):

Yuko Hara ◽

Kenichi Goda ◽

Shinichi Hirooka ◽

Takehiro Mitsuishi ◽

Masahiro Ikegami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Droplets ◽

Histological Grade ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Low Grade ◽

Intracellular Lipid ◽

En Bloc ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽

Positive Rate

We previously reported that superficial non-ampullary duodenal tumors (SNADETs) commonly had a whitish mucosal surface, named milk-white mucosa (MWM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of MWM with epithelial intracellular lipid droplets (immunohistochemically stained by adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP)) and histological tumor grades. We reviewed endoscopic images and the histopathology of SNADETs resected en bloc endoscopically. We analyzed the correlation between the positive rates of endoscopic MWM in preoperative endoscopy and resected specimens, and ADRP-positive rates in the resected specimens. Associations between the MWM-positive rates and tumor grades, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN)/intramucosal carcinoma (IC), and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) were analyzed. All the 92 SNADETs analyzed were <20 mm and histologically classified into 39 HGIN/IC and 53 LGIN. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between MWM-positive and ADRP-positive rates (p < 0.001). MWM-positive rates were significantly lower in the HGIN/IC than in the LGIN in preoperative endoscopy (p < 0.001) and resected specimens (p = 0.02). Our results suggest that endoscopic MWM is closely associated with epithelial intracellular lipid droplets and that the MWM-positive rate may be a predictor of histological grade in small SNADETs.

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Spatial and temporal variations of faecal indicator bacteria in Lake Bunyonyi, South-Western Uganda

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04684-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Alex Saturday ◽

Thomas J. Lyimo ◽

John Machiwa ◽

Siajali Pamba

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Indicator Bacteria ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variations ◽

Wet Season ◽

Recreational Waters ◽

Faecal Indicator Bacteria ◽

E Coli ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation

AbstractBackground Microbial water quality serves to indicate health risks associated with the consumption of contaminated water. Nevertheless, little is known about the microbiological characteristics of water in Lake Bunyonyi. This study was therefore undertaken to examine the spatial and temporal variations of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in relation to physicochemical parameters in Lake Bunyonyi. Result The FIB concentration was consistently measured during sampling months and correlated with each other showing the presumed human faecal pollution in the lake. The highest concentration values for E. coli (64.7 ± 47.3 CFU/100 mL) and enterococci (24.6 ± 32.4 CFU/100 mL were obtained in the station close to the Mugyera trading centre. On a temporal basis, the maximum values were recorded during the rainy season in October 2019 (70.7 ± 56.5 CFU/100 mL for E. coli and 38.44 ± 31.8 CFU/100 mL for enterococci. FIB did not differ significantly among the study stations (p > 0.05) but showed significant temporal variations among the months (p < 0.05) with concentrations being significantly high in wet season than dry season (U = 794, p < 0.0001 for E. coli; U = 993.5, p = 0.008 for enterococci). Spearman’s rank correlation revealed that FIB concentrations were significantly positively correlated with turbidity and DO concentration levels (p < 0.05). Approximately 97.2% of the water samples had E. coli and enterococci concentrations levels below USEPA threshold for recreational waters. Likewise, 98.1 and 90.7% of samples recorded E. coli and enterococci counts exceeding the UNBS, APHA, WHO and EU threshold values for drinking water. Conclusion The FIB counts show that the Lake Bunyonyi water is bacteriologically unsuitable for drinking unless it is treated since the FIB pose health risks to consumers. Besides, the water can be used for recreational purposes.

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Motivation Mechanism for Stimulating the Labor Potential

Research in World Economy ◽

10.5430/rwe.v11n4p53 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Iryna Koshkalda ◽

Oleksandr Kniaz ◽

Alona Ryasnyanska ◽

Viktoriya Velieva

Keyword(s):

Work Experience ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Employee Motivation ◽

Pairwise Comparisons ◽

Motivation Mechanism ◽

Quality Of Work ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽

Determining Factor ◽

Labor Potential

The issue of motivating the labor personnel to work effectively has been studied. The views of the world scientific community on employee motivation have been analyzed. Motivation has been proved as a determining factor in ensuring the efficient and coordinated work of employees. The hypothesis has been put forward concerning the influence of such aspects of the labor activity as advanced training, a level of responsibility, work experience, promptness, quality of work, and labor intensity on the labor potential motivation. The degree of influence of these aspects of work is determined based on the method of pairwise comparisons. The reliability of the calculations was proved by determining the consistency of experts’ opinions based on Spearman's rank correlation methodology.

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