Evaluation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibers from Flaxseed Fiber Bundles

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Sayed Waqar Azhar ◽  
Fujun Xu ◽  
Yiping Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
Novel Applications

In recent decades, rational management of agricultural residues presented a new approach for extraction, characterization, and utilization of cellulose nanofibers (CNF). In this context, the valorization of flaxseed fibers, providing an annual yield of millions of metric tons, as an abundant sustainable fiber source, was carried out. The cleaned and ground raw material was delignified and bleached, followed by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)/NaBr/NaClO oxidization along with mechanical homogenization. The resulting extracted cellulose and cellulose nanofibers were characterized by various analytical methods. The overall yield of CNF based on the raw material was 31.2% ± 1.5%. This study explored a simple method for converting flaxseed fibers to fluorescent, high quality, nano-sized cellulosic precursors for novel applications in pharmaceutical and bio-composite applications.

scholarly journals Screening for the Optimal Specificity Profile of Protein Kinase C Using Electrospray Mass-Spectrometry

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mart Loog ◽  
Bo Ek ◽  
Nikita Oskolkov ◽  
Ale Närvänen ◽  
Jaak Järv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Kinase Specificity ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Peptide Library Approach

A peptide library approach based on electrospray mass-spectrometric (ESI-MS) detection of phosphopeptides was designed for rapid and quantitative characterization of protein kinase specificity. The kcat/Km values for the protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ) were determined for a systematically varied set of individual substrate peptides in library mixtures by the ESI-MS method. The analysis revealed a complex structural specificity profile in positions around the phosphorylated serine with hydrophobic and/or basic residues being mostly preferred. On the basis of the kinetic parameters, a highly efficient peptide substrate for PKCβ (Kmvalue below 100 nM) FRRRRSFRRR and its alanine substituted pseudosubstrate-analog inhibitor (Ki value of 76 nM) were designed. The quantitative specificity profiles obtained by the new approach contained more information about kinase specificity than the conventional substrate consensus motifs. The new method presents a promising basis for design of substrate-site directed peptide or peptidomimetic inhibitors of protein kinases. Second, highly specific substrates could be designed for novel applications such as high-throughput protein kinase activity screens on protein kinase chips.

scholarly journals Characterization of bentonite clay from 'Greda' deposit

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezda Stankovic ◽  
Mihovil Logar ◽  
Jelena Lukovic ◽  
Jelena Pantic ◽  
Miljana Miljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Representative Samples

Based on mineralogical and technological investigations of the deposit 'Greda' important characteristics of bentonite clay were determined. Representative samples of the deposit were characterized with X-ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It was determined that the main mineral is montmorillonite and in subordinate quantities kaolinite, quartz and pyrite. The chemical composition generally shows high silica and alumina contents in all samples and small quantities of Fe3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations. Based on technological and mineralogical research, bentonite from this deposit is a high-quality raw material for use in the ceramic industry.

scholarly journals Characterization of Local Products for Their Industrial Use: The Case of Italian Potato Cultivars Analyzed by Untargeted and Targeted Methodologies

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1216
Author(s):  
Cinzia Ingallina ◽  
Mattia Spano ◽  
Anatoly P. Sobolev ◽  
Cristina Esposito ◽  
Cristina Santarcangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Blue Star ◽  
Italian Regions

The chemical characterization of local Italian potato cultivars is reported to promote their preservation and use as high quality raw material in food industries. Twenty potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars from Piedmont and Liguria Italian regions were investigated using NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and RP-HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn (Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detector and Electrospray Ionization Mass Detector) methodologies. Water soluble and lipophilic metabolites were identified and quantified. With respect to literature data, a more complete 1H (protonic) spectral assignment of the aqueous potato extracts was reported, whereas the 1H NMR assignment of potato organic extracts was reported here for the first time. Phenolics resulted to be in high concentrations in the purple–blue colored Rouge des Flandres, Bergerac, Fleur Bleu, and Blue Star cultivars. Servane, Piatlina, and Malou showed the highest amount of galacturonic acid, a marker of pectin presence, whereas Jelly cultivar was characterized by high levels of monosaccharides. Roseval and Rubra Spes contained high levels of citric acid involved in the inhibition of the enzymatic browning in fresh-cut potato. High levels of the amino acids involved in the formation of pleasant-smell volatile compounds during potato cooking were detected in Rouge des Flandres, Blue Star, Bergerac, Roseval, and Ratte cultivars. These results suggest that each local cultivar is characterized by a proper chemical profile related to specific proprieties that can be useful to obtain high quality industrial products.

scholarly journals Canteras-taller El Ranchito (Dpto. Ischilín, Córdoba). Una primera aproximación a la caracterización de las fuentes y al análisis de los conjuntos líticos

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Gisela Sario ◽  
Eduardo Pautassi ◽  
Marcos Salvatore
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Siliceous Rock ◽  
Lithic Artifacts

<p>El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una primera aproximación a la caracterización de los afloramientos y el análisis tecno-tipológico de materiales líticos recolectados en una cantera-taller, ubicada en la localidad arqueológica El Ranchito (valle de Copacabana, Dpto. Ischilín), en el norte de la provincia de Córdoba. A lo largo de las investigaciones arqueológicas en el valle se menciona la presencia de una materia prima lítica de muy buena calidad para la talla, una roca silícea, de la cual se han hallado puntas de proyectil y otros artefactos formatizados. Si bien su presencia es escasa en comparación con otras materias primas como el cuarzo, la misma se encuentra en la mayoría de los sitios arqueológicos de la región. En la localidad El Ranchito se han identificado tres fuentes primarias de aprovisionamiento de este material, como resultado de cuatro prospecciones en donde se realizaron ocho cuadrículas de recolección de material lítico en diferentes sectores. Los relevamientos permitieron establecer la disponibilidad natural de esta materia prima, extrayéndose muestras de la fuente identificada que fueron inspeccionadas con microscopio e identificadas como silcrete. Aquí se presentan los resultados del análisis de la primera unidad de recolección realizada, en la que se recuperaron en su mayoría ecofactos y desechos de talla, y en menor proporción núcleos e instrumentos. Esto nos permite inferir que la actividad principal era el descortezamiento de nódulos.</p><p><br /><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><br />This paper aims at presenting a first approach to the characterization of outcrops and techno-typological analysis of lithic materials collected in a quarry-workshop, located in the archaeological site El Ranchito (Valle de Copacabana, District of Ischilín) in the northern province of Córdoba. During archaeological research in the valley, we found lithic raw material of high quality for carving, a siliceous rock from which arrowheads were identified, in addition toother stone tools. While its presence is low as compared with other lithic artifacts such as quartz, such material was found in most archaeological sites in the region. In El Ranchito, three sources of this material were identified, in which quarry-workshop areas were formed. These resulted from four surveys in which eight collection grids of lithic material were conducted in different areas. The surveys helped establish the natural availability of this raw material, through which samples were analyzed under microscope and identified as silcrete. We report the results from the analysis of the first collection unit, in which we found, mostly, ecofacts and debitage, and, to a lesser extent, cores and tools, allowing us to infer that tasks related to the removal of nodule cortex were performed.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Treatment and Characterization of Kenaf for Nonwoven and Woven Applications

2000 ◽  
Vol os-9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1558925000OS-90
Author(s):  
Chongwen Yu ◽  
Weiying Tao ◽  
Timothy A. Calamari
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bundle ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
Kenaf Bast

A kenaf bast fiber is comprised of a bundle of single fibers bound by lignin and pectins. It offers the advantages of being renewable, biodegradable and environmentally safe. However, it is difficult to process kenaf fibers because of the coarseness, stiffness and low cohesion of the fiber bundles. In this research, kenaf fiber bundles have been treated by both alkaline sulfide and a modified chemical degumming methods to improve fiber properties. Tensile properties, fineness, length and softness of the kenaf fiber bundles after the treatments were determined. It was found that both treatments improved the fiber fineness, softness and elongation; however, fiber bundle strength was decreased. The modified chemical degumming method was more effective. Under the optimum modified chemical degumming condition, the fineness of the kenaf fiber bundle was improved more than 50% and the fiber bundle was more than twice as soft as the raw material. These kenaf fiber bundles were much finer and softer and found to be easier to process than those obtained in earlier studies. The treated kenaf fiber bundles can be blended with cotton fibers and easily carded on a cotton card with minimum losses. The carded batts can be further processed for either nonwoven or woven applications.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Microbes Isolated from Salacia reticulata Raw Material and its Extract: A Simple Method to Reduce the Microbial Load in Herbal Products

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Bhosale ◽  
Sasidharan Sakkan ◽  
Sanman Kolhe ◽  
Sadanand Yewale ◽  
Shivaswamy Matadha Rudraiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Salacia Reticulata

scholarly journals A simple method to produce fragment seedstock for aquaculture of Pterocladiella capillacea (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta)

ALGAE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Chang Geun Choi Choi ◽  
Ju Il Lee Lee ◽  
Il Ki Hwang ◽  
Sung Min Boo
Keyword(s):  
Slow Growth ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Cut Edge ◽  
Pterocladiella Capillacea

Raw material of gelidioid red algae yielding high-quality agar has been in short supply due to overharvesting, but in situ farming of gelidioids has not been practical due to their slow growth. To produce vegetative seedstock of a cosmopolitan species, Pterocladiella capillacea, we investigated the number and length of regenerated branches arising from sectioned fragments during 3 weeks of laboratory culture at 10, 15, 20, and 25°C. All sectioned fragments formed axis-like branches mostly from the upper cut edge and stolon-like branches mostly from the lower cut edge, showing a high capacity of regeneration and intrinsic bipolarity. At 20°C, the number of regenerated branches increased to 2.74 ± 1.29 on the upper cut edge and 4.26 ± 2.66 on the lower cut edge. Our study reveals that the use of fragments bearing regenerated branches as seedstock can be a simple method to initiate fast propagation for mass cultivation in the sea or outdoor tank.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

scholarly journals Sustainability Investigation of Vehicles’ CO2 Emission in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8237
Author(s):  
István Árpád ◽  
Judit T. Kiss ◽  
Gábor Bellér ◽  
Dénes Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Low Co2

The regulation of vehicular CO2 emissions determines the permissible emissions of vehicles in units of g CO2/km. However, these values only partially provide adequate information because they characterize only the vehicle but not the emission of the associated energy supply technology system. The energy needed for the motion of vehicles is generated in several ways by the energy industry, depending on how the vehicles are driven. These methods of energy generation consist of different series of energy source conversions, where the last technological step is the vehicle itself, and the result is the motion. In addition, sustainability characterization of vehicles cannot be determined by the vehicle’s CO2 emissions alone because it is a more complex notion. The new approach investigates the entire energy technology system associated with the generation of motion, which of course includes the vehicle. The total CO2 emissions and the resulting energy efficiency have been determined. For this, it was necessary to systematize (collect) the energy supply technology lines of the vehicles. The emission results are not given in g CO2/km but in g CO2/J, which is defined in the paper. This new method is complementary to the European Union regulative one, but it allows more complex evaluations of sustainability. The calculations were performed based on Hungarian data. Finally, using the resulting energy efficiency values, the emission results were evaluated by constructing a sustainability matrix similar to the risk matrix. If only the vehicle is investigated, low CO2 emissions can be achieved with vehicles using internal combustion engines. However, taking into consideration present technologies, in terms of sustainability, the spread of electric-only vehicles using renewable energies can result in improvement in the future. This proposal was supported by the combined analysis of the energy-specific CO2 emissions and the energy efficiency of vehicles with different power-driven systems.

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