scholarly journals Cell-based Therapy Approach for Drug-resistant Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Pradeep V. Mahajan ◽  
Swetha Subramanian ◽  
Siddhesh C. Parab ◽  
Sanskruti Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Preliminary Finding ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is a global public health problem. This category includes patients who continue to experience seizures despite long-term anti-epileptic medications. DRE can lead to severe disability and morbidity in older children and adults and is associated with increased risk of mortality than the general population. This report describes the case of a 15-year-old male patient with DRE successfully managed with autologous cell-based and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The patient underwent two sessions of cell-based therapy consisting of cells derived from the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and peripheral blood followed by neuro-physiotherapy and oxygen therapy. Post-treatment, the patient experienced decrease in the frequency of seizures and reduction in the dosage of anti-epileptic medications. Electroencephalogram taken one year after the therapy revealed improvement in seizure activity. The outcomes in this case may be considered a preliminary finding in formulating more robust treatment strategies using cell-based therapy for DRE.

scholarly journals Feasibility and acceptability of a universal screening and referral protocol for gender-based violence with women seeking care in health clinics in Dadaab refugee camps in Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vu ◽  
A. L. Wirtz ◽  
S. Bundgaard ◽  
A. Nair ◽  
G. Luttah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Screening ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Gender Based

Background.Gender-based violence (GBV) is both a global public health problem and violation of human rights. Refugees and internally displaced persons experience an increased risk of GBV and health outcomes associated with GBV are often exacerbated in conflict settings.Methods.A mixed methods study to examine the feasibility and acceptability of universal screening for GBV in a refugee population in the Dadaab refugee camp of Kenya, using the ASIST-GBV from January to July 2015.Results.Of 9366 women offered screening at International Rescue Committee health clinics, about 89% (n = 8369) female refugees consented to participate. Only 15% of the potentially eligible population could participate in GBV screening because of the ongoing struggle to identify private space in the clinics. Over 85% of women reported being ‘willing’ or ‘very willing’ to participate in GBV screening; 96% felt they had a good or very good experience with the screening protocol. Qualitative findings stressed the importance of securing a room/space in the busy clinic is critical to universal screening with referral to safe and confidential services for survivors.Conclusions.The findings suggest that the evidence-based ASIST-GBV is both feasible to implement and acceptable to both providers and women seeking care. Universal GBV screening and referral is an effective way for health care and service providers in humanitarian settings to assist survivors of GBV.

scholarly journals COPD, Depression and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Harrowing, Demoralizing and Deleterious Triad

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Iqbal Akhtar Khan ◽  
Hamza Iltaf Malik
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
The Impact

COPD is a highly incapacitating global public health problem, with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations and usually associated with significant concomitant chronic diseases. With enhanced understanding, it has extensively been reported as a complex, heterogeneous and dynamic disease affecting patients’ health beyond pulmones. Depression, with prevalence of 322 million people, is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. In various epidemiological and clinical studies, its prevalence among patients with COPD varies from 18% to 80%. This deadly duo leads to excessive health care utilization rates and costs including increased rates of exacerbation, sub-optimal adherence to prescribed medications, increased hospital admissions, longer hospital stays and increased hospital readmissions. Moreover, there is increased risk of suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts, and suicidal drug overdose. It is a pity that, in significant cases, the co-morbidity remains under-recognized and under-treated. The impact of prevailing COVID 19 pandemic, on the dual burden of COPD and depression, and possible remedial measures including “The 6 ways to boost one’s well-being-by Mental Heath UK, “The Living with the Times” toolkit--by WHO” and innovative add-ons like Dance Movement Therapy and Musical Engagement Therapy have been discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and drug susceptibility patterns of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Yunnan, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruolan Bai ◽  
Shuijing Chi ◽  
Xiaofei Li ◽  
Xiting Dai ◽  
Zhenhua Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Mdr Tb

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which has been threatening global public health for many years. High genetic diversity is dominant feature of Mtb. Increasing cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious public health problem to TB control in China. Spontaneous mutations in the Mtb genome can alter proteins which are the target of drugs, making the bacteria drug resistant. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the genotype of Mtb isolates from some areas in Yunnan, China and explore the association between genotypes and MDR-TB. Using spoligotyping, we identified Beijing genotypes, six non-Beijing genotypes and a number of orphan genotypes from 270 Mtb isolates from patients in Yunnan Province during 2014–2016. Of 270 Mtb isolates, 102 clinical Mtb strains were identified as drug-resistant (DR) by drug susceptibility testing (DST), among them, 52 MDR strains. Beijing genotypes occupied the highest MDR proportion (78.85%) followed by the orphan genotypes (15.38%). The characteristics of MDR strains showed high genetic diversity. The results will help to efficiently improve diagnosis and treatment and provide valuable information for Mtb molecular epidemiology.

scholarly journals Epidemiological, behavioural, and clinical factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhoea: a review

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Million Abraha ◽  
Dianne Egli-Gany ◽  
Nicola Low
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global public health problem in the 21st century. N. gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to all classes of antibiotics used for empirical treatment, and clinical treatment failure caused by extensively resistant strains has been reported. Identifying specific factors associated with an increased risk of antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae might help to develop strategies to improve antimicrobial stewardship. In this review, we describe the findings of 24 studies, published between 1989 and 2017, that examined epidemiological, behavioural, and clinical factors and their associations with a range of antimicrobial agents used to treat gonorrhoea. Antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae is more common in older than younger adults and in men who have sex with men compared with heterosexual men and women. Antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae is less common in some black minority and Aboriginal ethnic groups than in the majority white population in high-income countries. The factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhoea are not necessarily those associated with a higher risk of gonorrhoea.

Domestic violence and abuse and mental health

2020 ◽  
pp. 1451-1460
Author(s):  
Louise M. Howard ◽  
Deirdre MacManus
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Health It ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Domestic Violence And Abuse ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is a global public health problem, accounting for up to 7% of the overall burden of disease among women, mostly due to its impact on mental ill health. It includes partner violence and violence perpetrated by other family members on adults, and may involve mutual violence or can involve coercive and controlling behaviours. Women are at greatest risk of serious physical and sexual assaults, including being victims of domestic homicide. There is growing evidence that men and women with mental disorders, particularly severe disorders, are at increased risk of being both victims and perpetrators of DVA. Despite barriers to disclosure, psychiatric services are well placed to identify and reduce the risk of future DVA and treat the mental health consequences.

scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Target Location Methods for Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Runhua Wang ◽  
Xin Luo ◽  
Si Zhang ◽  
Xiaomei Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Location Methods

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a substantial global public health problem in need of novel and effective treatment strategies. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive and promising treatment for depression that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, the methodological weaknesses of existing work impairs the universal clinical use of rTMS. The variation of stimulated targets across the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may account for most of the heterogeneity in the efficacy of rTMS. Many rTMS target location methods for MDD have been developed in recent decades. This review was conducted to assess this emerging field and to improve treatment outcomes in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Rational Approach to Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Wirrell
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders to affect children, and has its highest incidence in infancy. Approximately one-quarter of children have seizures which are drug-resistant, and place the child at increased risk of cognitive delays, attention, behavior and psychiatric disorders, injury, sudden unexpected death and poor quality of life. This article presents a rational approach to the investigation and management of children with drug-resistant epilepsy.    

The Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Childhood Epilepsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
J Helen Cross ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Anti Epileptic Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The ketogenic diet has been used for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in childhood for almost 100 years. This aside, it is only over the past decade that renewed interest has led to a further evidence base for efficacy, evaluation of optimal implementation and wider discussion of possible mechanisms of action. Randomised controlled data have now demonstrated the diet to be as effective as any newer anti-epileptic drug (AED) in drug-resistant epilepsy. Implementation can be challenging, and is resource-intensive, but successful use can lead to improved quality of life with most immediate side effects alleviated by dietary manipulation. However, data are still required on the choice of optimal candidates and the role of alternative diets in older children.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS, DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV/TB CO-INFECTION IN ENUGU, NIGERIA.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Kenneth Okonkwo Ugwu ◽  
Martina Chinonye Agbo ◽  
Ifeoma Maureen Ezeonu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem, with developing countries bearing the highest burden. Nigeria is first in Africa and sixth in the world among the countries with the highest TB burden, but is among the 10 countries accounting for over 70% of the global gap in TB case detection and notification. Enugu State, Nigeria reportedly has a notification gap of almost 14,000 TB cases; a situation which must be addressed. Materials and Methods: A total number of 868 individuals accessing DOTS services in designated centres within the six Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Enugu North geographical zone, was recruited into the study. The participants were screened for HIV seropositivity by standard protocols, while screening for TB and drug-resistant TB were conducted by a combination of Zhiel Neelsen staining and Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (Xpert® MTB/Rif). Results: Of the 868 subjects that participated in the study, 176 (20.3%) were HIV seropositive. The highest prevalence (26.7%) of HIV was recorded in Udenu LGA, while the least (13.1%) was recorded in Nsukka LGA. Overall TB prevalence was found to be 22.1% and 21.3% by sputum-smear and NAAT, respectively. Uzo Uwani LGA recorded the highest prevalence of both TB (33.3%) and TB/HIV co-infection (16.7%), but the lowest prevalence of resistant TB. Nsukka LGA had the highest prevalence of resistant TB. Conclusion: Enugu North geographical zone, Nigeria, has a high prevalence of both HIV and TB, including resistant TB and there is need to increase monitoring of individuals resident in this region.

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