scholarly journals Ambivalent sexism, gender and attitudes towards violence against women in marriageÇelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik, toplumsal cinsiyet ve evlilikte kadına yönelik şiddete ilişkin tutumlar

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinem Tarhan ◽  
Hicran Çetin Gündüz ◽  
Subhan Ekşioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Psychological Counseling ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
Counseling And Guidance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between ambivalent sexism, gender roles, attitudes of the students towards violence against women in marriage and gender among undergraduate students studying at psychological counseling and guidance department. The study group was 420 undergraduate students studying at Psychological Counseling and Guidance departments at Erciyes University, Sakarya University and Karadeniz Technical University. Socialization of Gender Norms Scale (Epstein, 2008), Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick and Fiske, 1996) and Attitudes toward Physical Wife Abuse Scale (Sakallı-Uğurlu and Ulu, 2003) were used as the data collection instruments. Hierarchical regression analysis was used in analyzing the collected data and the partial impact size was examined. The results of the analyses indicated that gender, egalitarian gender roles and hostile sexism were variables predicting tolerance of verbal violence and attitudes towards divorce after physical violence; whilst gender and egalitarian gender roles were predictors of attitudes towards physical violence. Hostile sexism, on the other hand, was found to be predictor of only attitude towards verbal violence and attitude towards divorce after physical violence. The findings of this study indicate that although students adopt more egalitarian attitudes as the level of education increases, they are under the impact of gender roles and ambivalent sexism. Therefore, in order to prevent violence against women in marriage it is important to improve egalitarian gender attitudes both towards men and women and to prevent hostile sexism.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma bölümünde okuyan üniversite öğrencilerinde çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik, toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri, evlilikte kadına yönelik şiddete ilişkin tutumlar ve cinsiyet arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Çalışma grubunu Erciyes, Sakarya ve Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi’nin PDR bölümünde okuyan toplam 420 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Toplumsal Cinsiyet Oluşum Ölçeği (Epstein, 2008), Çelişik Duygulu Cinsiyetçilik Ölçeği (Glick ve Fiske, 1996) ve Evlilikte Kadına Yönelik Şiddete İlişkin Tutumlar Ölçeği (Sakallı-Uğurlu ve Ulu, 2003) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde hiyerarşik regresyon analizi kullanılmış, kısmi etki büyüklüklerine bakılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda cinsiyet, eşitlikçi cinsiyet rolleri ve düşmanca cinsiyetçilik sözel şiddete toleransı ve fiziksel şiddet sonrası ayrılmaya yönelik tutumu yordayan değişkenler olarak bulunurken, cinsiyet ve eşitlikçi cinsiyet rollerinin fiziksel şiddete yönelik tutumu yordadığı görülmüştür. Düşmanca cinsiyetçiliğin ise sadece sözel şiddete yönelik tutum ve fiziksel şiddet sonrasında ayrılmaya yönelik tutum alt boyutlarında yordayıcı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın bulguları eğitim düzeyi arttıkça öğrencilerin daha eşitlikçi tutumlar benimsediklerini göstermekle birlikte toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçiliğin etkisi altında kaldıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu nedenle evlilikte kadına yönelik şiddete ilişkin tutumların önlenebilmesi için hem erkek hem de kadınlara yönelik eşitlikçi cinsiyet tutumlarının geliştirilmesi ve düşmanca cinsiyetçiliğin önlenmesi önemli görülmektedir.

Male Peer Support to Hostile Sexist Attitudes Influences Rape Proclivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (14) ◽  
pp. 2180-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Durán ◽  
Jesús L. Megías ◽  
Miguel Moya
Keyword(s):  
Peer Support ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Group Condition ◽  
Male Peer ◽  
Rape Proclivity ◽  
Male Peer Support ◽  
The Impact

Sexual assault affects a large proportion of women in the world. Although most rapes are committed by one man, the act itself may be influenced by many (e.g., the peer group). Hostile sexism (HS) has repeatedly been associated with men’s rape proclivity, but the influence exerted by the HS of the peer group on rape proclivity has not been investigated. In this study, we explored the impact of perceived male peer support to HS on participants’ rape proclivity. A sample of Spanish undergraduate students from a university in the south of Spain ( N = 134) completed the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Immediately afterwards, they received feedback on the supposed sexist responses of a peer group (high vs. low in HS); we kept the benevolent sexism (BS) of the peer group at medium levels. Next, we assessed participants’ rape proclivity using acquaintance rape scenarios. Results showed an interaction between participants’ own levels of HS and information about the HS of the peer group. Men high in HS reported higher rape proclivity in the high-HS peer-group condition than in the low-HS peer-group condition. By contrast, information on the peer group did not affect self-reported rape proclivity of men low in HS. Results also corroborated the relationship between participants’ levels of HS and rape proclivity, and expanded the literature by revealing an unexpected influence of participants’ BS on rape proclivity.

The traditional sexual script and humor in courtship

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-218
Author(s):  
Elaina M. Ross ◽  
Jeffrey A. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Sexual Script ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Sex Influence ◽  
Potential Partner

AbstractTo account for sex differences in the production, receptivity, and preference for humor in potential mates during courtship, past research has often adopted an evolutionary approach. The present manuscript will attempt to integrate evolutionary explanations with proximal social and cultural influences using the traditional sexual script and ambivalent sexism theory. The results of both Study 1 (N=227) and Study 2 (N=424) suggest that trait masculinity is positively associated with humor production in courtship, while trait femininity is associated with humor receptivity. Study 1 indicated that the traditional flirting style was associated with less humor production by women, and Study 2 indicated that hostile sexism was related to a lower preference for a humor-producing potential partner by men. A sex difference in humor production in potential partners in Study 2 was no longer detectable once trait gender and hostile sexism was accounted for. Taken together, gender roles, over and above biological sex, influence one’s own humor use in courtship and preference for humor in potential partners.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Related Lockdown on the Prevalence of Spousal Violence Against Women in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199792
Author(s):  
Kazhan I. Mahmood ◽  
Sherzad A. Shabu ◽  
Karwan M. M-Amen ◽  
Salar S. Hussain ◽  
Diana A. Kako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact

There is increasing concern about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown’s social and economic consequences on gender-based violence. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender-based violence by comparing the prevalence of spousal violence against women before and during the COVID-19 related lockdown periods. This study was conducted in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq using a self-administered online questionnaire survey after the COVID-19 lockdown period in June 2020. Data were collected from a sample of 346 married women about the occurrence, frequency, and forms of spousal violence before and during the lockdown period. Significant increases in violence were observed from the pre-lockdown period to the lockdown period for any violence (32.1% to 38.7%, p = .001), emotional abuse (29.5% to 35.0%, p = .005), and physical violence (12.7% to 17.6%, p = .002). Regarding emotional abuse, humiliation (24.6% to 28.3%, p = .041) and scaring or intimidation (14.2% to 21.4%, p < .001) significantly increased during the lockdown. For physical violence, twisting the arm or pulling hair (9.0% to 13.0%, p = .004) and hitting (5.2% to 9.2%, p = .003) significantly increased during the lockdown. Forcing to have sexual intercourse also significantly increased during lockdown (6.6% to 9.5%., p = .021). The concerned authorities and women’s rights organizations should collaborate to enhance the prevention of violence against women. An effective prevention strategy should emphasize recognizing and acknowledging the extent of the problem, raising awareness about the problem and the available resources to address it, and ensuring social and economic stability. Lessons learned about the increased prevalence of spousal violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to adopt appropriate strategies to prevent and address it will be valuable for similar future crises.

scholarly journals Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) Terhadap Perempuan: Perspektif Pekerjaan Sosial

KOMUNITAS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Agung Budi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The Impact

National Commission on violence against women (2015) noted that violence against women showed a widespread pattern. The 2016 annual press release (Catahu) released that there were 321,752 of violence cases. The largest type of violence against women was violence in the personal sector. Violence in the form of rape was 72% (2,399 of cases), violence in the form of obscenity was 18% (601 of cases), and sexual abuse was 5% (166 of cases). The majority of personal violence victims (domestic / household) were women. The forms of domestic violence included physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence and neglect of the household; while the main factor was the lack of communication and disharmony among family members. The impact in the short term was usually like a physical injury, disability, pregnancy, loss of work, and so forth; while the long-term effects were psychological disorders (psychiatric), loss of confidence, fend for oneself, trauma and appearance of fear to depression. The handling of domestic violence is one of the focuses of social workers to play a role in helping / assisting the recovery of victims. The social worker should be able to convince the victims to dare to express their problems, to give a sense of security, and comfort. Social workers in helping victims of domestic violence should have knowledge and alignment to the victims that the slightest violence is a form of crime against humanity. Victims of domestic violence must immediately obtain the protection, security assurance and social assistance. The efforts which can be done by social workers are counseling and family counseling. Those are done as a form of therapy so that victims do not feel the prolonged trauma and they can think calmly.

scholarly journals Ambivalent sexism and violence toward women: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Agadullina ◽  
Andrey Lovakov ◽  
Olga Gulevich ◽  
Maryana Balezina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Benevolent Sexism ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Attitudes Toward Violence ◽  
The Relationship

We analyzed 498 effect sizes about the relationship between ambivalent sexism and attitudes toward male-to-female violence, and 133 effect sizes about the relationship between ambivalent sexism and violent behavior. The results showed that hostile sexism is more strongly associated with both attitudes toward violence (r = .517) and violent behavior (r = .250) than benevolent sexism is (r = .328 and r = .049, respectively). The type of violence and the target of violence are the significant moderators for hostile sexism: the smallest effect size was observed for attitudes toward physical violence and the weaker correlation between hostile sexism and violent behavior was where an intimate partner was involved. Our findings revealed that gender and sample type were not significant moderators while the higher the level of equality in the country where the study was conducted, the higher the correlation between benevolent sexism and attitudes toward violence.

Microfinance and domestic violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-351
Author(s):  
Khondker Aktaruzzaman ◽  
Omar Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Physical And Psychological Violence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to document the impact of participation in microfinance programs on domestic violence against women. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the survey data from 69 villages in Bangladesh and the instrumental variable approach to estimate the effect of participation in microcredit programs on domestic violence. Findings The results show that women’s participation in microcredit programs does not reduce domestic violence. However, this result is possible only when the authors do not distinguish between female borrowers who have control over credit and those who do not have control over credit. Classifying female borrowers into these two categories can significantly change the results. The authors report significantly lower physical violence against those female who have control over credit. In case of psychological violence, the authors report no significant impact of control over microcredit. Originality/value The novelty of the paper lies in distinguishing between physical and psychological violence.

Prisoners’ ambivalent sexism and domestic violence: a narrative study

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Testoni ◽  
Giulia Branciforti ◽  
Adriano Zamperini ◽  
Livia Zuliani ◽  
Felice Alfonso Nava
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ideal Woman ◽  
Mother Blaming ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

Purpose Gender inequality and sexism are often at the root of domestic violence against women and children, with both serving to justify male domination. This runs in parallel with mother-blaming bias, which constitutes a pervasive common sense and scientific error derived from the myth of the good and the bad mother, characterising a large part of studies on deviance. The purpose of this paper is to consider the possible role of sexism in prisoners’ deviant biographies; for this, the authors considered the role of the mother in the biographies of prisoners, and the results lend support to the idea that mother-blaming is a serious fallacy. Starting from a critical psychology point of view and following the retrospective methodology, the authors interviewed 22 drug-addicted prisoners through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) regarding their biographies and their relationships with parents and partners. Design/methodology/approach In the survey, the authors followed the same intention, and the results lend support to the idea that mother-blaming is a serious fallacy. The authors interviewed 22 drug-addicted prisoners through IPA concerning their biographies and their relationships with parents and partners. Findings The main result of this qualitative study was the recognition of a fundamental sexism assumed by participants, characterised by a paradox between the representation of the mother and the representation of the ideal woman. Despite the mother being their positive affective referent, and battered by her husband/partner, the same participants had been witnesses of domestic violence, and sometimes victims, they interiorised from their father an ambivalent sexism: benevolent sexism with regard to their mother and exhibited hostile sexism with their partner. On the one hand, it emerged that female empowerment was desirable with respect to the mothers. On the other hand, the ideal woman was exactly as their mother was, that is, being absolutely subordinated to men (a patient, caring, submissive housewife, totally dedicated to her children and her husband). Research limitations/implications From a mainstream psychological perspective, the limits of the research are linked to the utilisation of the narrative method. Also, this methodology does not verify any hypotheses, so quotations from the participants are used to illustrate themes, and thus, it is difficult to report the informational complexities arising from the dialogues. However, the literature has emphasised that these limitations do not invalidate qualitative research findings, despite the difficulties in generalising the results of the qualitative studies. Thereafter, the critical analysis moved within the intersection of experience-centred approaches and the culturally oriented treatment of narratives, so that the focus on the stories of the prisoners makes meaning because it applies structure to experience, albeit, with the form and content of the texts. This research did not permit us to measure and evaluate post-hoc any post-traumatic hypotheses, which, in turn, would give room for further research. Another limitation of the research was that the relationship between culture of origin and gender biases, especially with participants from non-European countries, was not analysed. This topic would require an important in-depth study, which encompasses how women are treated in different countries and its effects on social maladjustment for immigrants in Italy. Practical implications The outcome of this study suggests that within similar structures in the Institute of Mitigated Custody, the theme of sexism should be considered in more depth. Since sexism justifies violence against women, and is therefore a factor that can cause recidivism in the antisocial behaviour of prisoners once they have served their sentences. It is important to allow them to analyse the relationship between their sexist attitudes, witnessing violence in childhood and the possibility of changing moral values of reference in favour of equality. This type of psychological intervention must necessarily be based not only on the elaboration of traumas suffered during childhood with an abusive father, but also on issues related to gender equality and the theme of social inclusion. Social implications The study suggests the idea that male sexism can be a factor responsible for suffering and maladjustment for men and that therefore an education that promotes equality of gender differences can also help prevent the social distress associated with drug addiction and deviance. Originality/value The paper considers some cogent issues inherent to ambivalent sexism that pervades prisoners’ aspirations for their future.

I Love You but I Cyberbully You: The Role of Hostile Sexism

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Martinez-Pecino ◽  
Mercedes Durán
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Cyber Aggression ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
The Impact

Cyberbullying is attracting social, political, and academic interest as the use of electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones by young people has increased dramatically. However, little is known about the factors involved in their perpetration, particularly in the context of college students’ dating relationships. The aim of this study is to examine the involvement of college students in cyberbullying in the context of their dating relationships and to explore the impact of sexism on males’ cyberbullying of their girlfriends. Participants are 219 undergraduate students from a university in the south of Spain. Results showed that 48.4% of participants reported having bullied their partners during the last year via mobile phone and 37.5% via Internet. Males reported a greater extent of cyberbullying of their girlfriends through both means. Regression analyses indicated that males’ levels of hostile sexism are related to males’ cyberbullying of their girlfriends. These findings suggest a modernization in the forms of violence toward women among college students and also expand current literature by revealing the influence of participants’ hostile sexism on this type of cyber aggression against women in dating relationships.

“Honor thy father and thy mother”: the contribution of verbal concerns to the understanding of elderly patients’ satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Semyonov-Tal
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction With Treatment ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims first, to provide a typology of complaints concerning the treatment of elderly patients in geriatric wards; second, to estimate reported satisfaction with treatment; and third, to assess the link between verbal concerns and satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach Using the “Survey of Geriatric Wards, 2019” a sample of 4,725 family members of patients, hospitalized in 99 geriatric wards in Israel were asked to rate their overall satisfaction with treatment; they also were asked to provide verbal information on the hospitalization experience through an open-ended question. A content analysis was applied to the verbal answers, to classify them into distinct qualitative categories; a regression analysis was applied to examine the impact of the concerns on the level of patient satisfaction, net of patient’s characteristics. Findings Level of satisfaction among family members is very high (8.16 on a scale from 1–10), with only very few expressing verbal concerns (2.3%). Content analysis reveals five reoccurring themes: physical violence (33.3%), verbal violence (19.2%), discrimination (21.2%), lack of dignified hospitalization conditions (8.1%) and communication (18.2%). Further analysis reveals that satisfaction among those who complained, especially about interpersonal relations, is considerably and significantly lower than others. Originality/value Despite high levels of satisfaction with medical care in geriatric wards, the findings underscore voiced complaints as major source for explaining dis-satisfaction with hospitalization. Complaints in the realm of interpersonal relations, especially regarding verbal violence, discrimination and communication, seem to be most consequential for lowering levels of satisfaction with treatment.

Ambivalent Sexism and Attitudes Toward Wife Abuse in Turkey and Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Glick ◽  
Nuray Sakalli-Ugurlu ◽  
Maria Cristina Ferreira ◽  
Marcos Aguiar de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Wife Abuse ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Benevolent Sexism ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Unique Variance

Men and women in Turkey and Brazil completed the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996) and measures of attitudes about wife abuse. In both nations hostile sexism (HS) and benevolent sexism (BS) positively correlated with attitudes that legitimize abuse. Regression analyses revealed that HS accounted for unique variance, but BS (once HS was controlled) was unrelated to wife abuse attitudes. These results: (a) add to the evidence for the cross-cultural validity of ambivalent sexism, (b) suggest that HS supports the justification of violence against wives, and (c) imply that the ostensible protectiveness of BS is contingent, failing to shield women from abuse if they are deemed to have challenged a husband's authority or violated conventional gender roles.

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