scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Cracking of Palm Oil into Biofuels

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Istadi ◽  
Teguh Riyanto ◽  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
Didi Dwi Anggoro ◽  
Roni Ade Saputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Reactor ◽  
Catalytic Role ◽  
Reactor Temperature

Plasma-assisted catalytic cracking is an attractive method for producing biofuels from vegetable oil. This paper studied the effect of reactor temperature on the performance of plasma-assisted catalytic cracking of palm oil into biofuels. The cracking process was conducted in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD)-type plasma reactor with the presence of spent RFCC catalyst. The reactor temperature was varied at 400, 450, and 500 ºC. The liquid fuel product was analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the compositions. Result showed that the presenceof plasma and catalytic role can enhance the reactor performance so that the selectivity of the short-chain hydrocarbon produced increases. The selectivity of gasoline, kerosene, and diesel range fuels over the plasma-catalytic reactor were 16.43%, 52.74% and 21.25%, respectively, while the selectivity of gasoline, kerosene and diesel range fuels over a conventional fixed bed reactor was 12.07%, 39.07%, and 45.11%, respectively. The increasing reactor temperature led to enhanced catalytic role of cracking reaction,particularly directing the reaction to the shorter hydrocarbon range. The reactor temperature dependence on the liquid product components distribution over the plasma-catalytic reactor was also studied. The aromatic and oxygenated compounds increased with the reactor temperature.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

Liquefaction of Harbul (Silopi SE Anatolia, Turkey) Asphaltite by Flash Pyrolysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Saydut ◽  
Yalcin Tonbul ◽  
Candan Hamamci
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis ◽  
Liquid Yield

Asphaltite, being petroleum originated solid fossil fuel, can be converted into a variety of secondary products such as light hydrocarbon gases, liquid product and high quality fuel char by means of pyrolysis. Liquefaction of Harbul (Silopi, Turkey) asphaltite,-0.60+0.25 mm particle size, and using flash pyrolysis was performed in a fixed bed reactor with a heating rate 40°C min−1 at a temperature ranging from 400 to 800°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of temperature on conversion and liquid yield was examined. The flash pyrolysis temperature resulted in a large increase in the oil yield, tar, gases, large increase in the yield of hydrocarbon gases occurred as a result of temperature at 550°C which was attributed to an increase thermal cracking of pyrolysis vapours. The yield of asphaltite liquid at the condition of 550°C reached a maximum 19.66 wt %. The asphaltenes of the pyrolytic oils were precipitated by addition of n-pentane. Pentane solubles were fractioned by column chromatography into aliphatic, aromatic and polar fractions using n-hexane, toluene and methanol, respectively. The composition of these fractions from silica gel column chromatography of oil obtained by nitrogen pyrolysis was characterized by FTIR.

scholarly journals Characterization and Performance Test of Palm Oil Based Bio-Fuel Produced Via Ni/Zeolite-Catalyzed Cracking Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Kadarwati ◽  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cracking Process

Catalytic cracking process of palm oil into bio-fuel using Ni/zeolite catalysts (2-10% wt. Ni) at various reaction temperatures (400-500oC) in a flow-fixed bed reactor system has been carried out. Palm oil was pre-treated to produce methyl ester of palm oil as feedstock in the catalytic cracking reactions. The Ni/zeolite catalysts were prepared by wetness impregnation method using Ni(NO3)2.6H2O as the precursor. The products were collected and analysed using GC, GC-MS, and calorimeter. The effects of process temperatures and Ni content in Ni/zeolite have been studied. The results showed that Ni-2/zeolite could give a yield of 99.0% at 500oC but only produced gasoline fraction of 18.35%. The physical properties of bio-fuel produced in this condition in terms of density, viscosity, flash point, and specific gravity were less than but similar to commercial fuel. The results of performance test in a 4-strike engine showed that the mixture of commercial gasoline (petrol) and bio-fuel with a ratio of 9:1 gave similar performance to fossil-based gasoline with much lower CO and O2 emissions and more efficient combustion

scholarly journals Catalytic Cracking of Palm Oil Over Zeolite Catalysts: Statistical Approach

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. A. Twaiq and S. Bhatia ◽  
N. A. M. Zabidi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Optimum Yield ◽  
Boiling Range

The catalytic cracking of palm oil was conducted in a fixed bed micro-reactor over HZSM-5, zeolite ? and ultrastable Y (USY) zeolite catalysts. The objective of the present investigation was to study the effect of cracking reaction variables such as temperature, weight hourly space velocity, catalyst pore size and type of palm oil feed of different molecular weight on the conversion, yield of hydrocarbons in gasoline boiling range and BTX aromatics in the organic liquid product.  Statistical Design of Experiment (DOE) with 24 full factorial design was used in experimentation at the first stage.  The nonlinear model and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were utilized in the second stage of experimentation to obtain the optimum values of the variables for maximum yields of hydrocarbons in gasoline boiling range and aromatics.  The HZSM-5 showed the best performance amongst the three catalysts tested.  At 623 K and WHSV of 1 h-1, the highest experimental yields of gasoline and aromatics were 28.3 wt.% and 27 wt.%, respectively over the HZSM-5 catalyst.  For the same catalyst, the statistical model predicted that the optimum yield of gasoline was 28.1 wt.% at WHSV of 1.75 h-1 and 623 K.  The predicted optimum yield of gasoline was 25.5 wt.% at 623 K and WHSV of 1 h-1.KEY WORDS: Catalytic Cracking, Palm Oil, Zeolite, Design Of Experiment, Response Surface Methodology.

Modeling of a Fixed-Bed Reactor for the Production of Phthalic Anhydride

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Rahimi ◽  
Sogand Hamidi
Keyword(s):  
Phthalic Anhydride ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Conversion Degree ◽  
Reactor Length ◽  
Reactor Temperature ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Reactor Pressure

In this study, the performance of a fixed–bed tubular reactor for the production of phthalic anhydride is mathematically analyzed. The conversion degree and reactor temperature values are compared with the measured one in a tubular reactor applied in Farabi petrochemical unit in Iran as well as reported data in the literature for a pilot plate. The comparisons are satisfactory. The effects of some operating parameters including reactor length, feed temperature, reactor pressure, and existence of an inert in the catalytic bed are investigated. The optimum value of each parameter is determined on the basis of the corresponding operating conditions.

scholarly journals Valuable Chemicals Derived from Pyrolysis Liquid Products of Spirulina platensis Residue

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Budhijanto Budhijanto ◽  
Rochmadi Rochmadi ◽  
Avido Yuliestyan ◽  
Arief Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Interesting Alternative

With a motto of preserving nature, the use of renewable resources for the fulfillment of human needs has been seen echoing these days. In response, microalgae, a water-living microorganism, is perceived as an interesting alternative due to its easy-to-cultivate nature. One of the microalgae, which possess the potential for being the future source of energy, food, and health, is Spirulina plantesis. Aiming to identify valuable chemicals possibly derived from it, catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis process of the residue of S. plantesis microalgae has been firstly carried out in a fixed-bed reactor over the various temperature of 300, 400, 500, 550 and 600 °C. The resulting vapor was condensed so that the liquid product consisting of the top product (oil phase) and the bottom product (water phase) can be separated. The composition of each product was then analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In the oil phase yield, the increase of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the decrease of the oxygenated have been observed along with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, which might be useful for fuel application. Interestingly, their water phase composition also presents some potential chemicals, able to be used as antioxidants, vitamins and food additives.

Reactivation of the Spent Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking (RFCC) Catalyst through Acid Treatment for Palm Oil Cracking to Biofuels

Teknik ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
Rahma Amalia ◽  
Teguh Riyanto ◽  
Istadi Istadi
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oil Cracking ◽  
The Impact

This work discusses the treated spent Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking (RFCC) catalysts using sulfuric or citric acids to examine the impact of acid treatment on the catalyst physicochemical properties and structural characteristics. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller-Barrett−Joyner−Halenda (BET-BJH) methods. The catalytsts were performed in a continuous fixed-bed reactor for catalytic cracking of palm oil. Changes of the catalyst characteristics and catalytic performance testing of the catalyst after the acid treatment for palm oil cracking process were discussed. It was found that the acid treatment on the spent RFCC catalyst can increase the surface area and pore volume of catalysts as well as the crystallinity. The closed pores in the spent RFCC are opened by acid treatment by eliminating heavy metals. Concerning to the catalytic performance, the acid-treated catalysts had better performance than the non-treated catalyst, which could increase selectivity of the kerosene-diesel range fraction from 47.89% to 55.41%. It was interested, since the non-treated catalyst could not produce gasoline fraction, while the acid-treated catalsysts could produce gasoline fraction at selectivity range of 0.57 – 0.84%. It was suggested that both sulfuric or citric acids treatment could increase the cracking performance of spent RFCC catalyst by shifting the product to lower hydrocarbons.

Optimal Design, Modeling and Simulation of an Ethanol Steam Reforming Reactor

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E Arteaga ◽  
Luis M Peralta ◽  
Yannay Casas ◽  
Daikenel Castro
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Conversion ◽  
Renewable Hydrogen

The optimum design, modeling and simulation of a fixed bed multi-tube reformer for the renewable hydrogen production are carried out in the present paper. The analogies between plug flow model and a fixed bed reactor are used as design patterns. The steam reformer is designed to produce enough hydrogen to feed a 200kW fuel cell system (>2.19molH/s) and considering 85% of fuel utilization in the cell electrodes. The reactor prototype is optimized and then analyzed using a multiphysics and axisymmetric model, implemented on FEMLABM(R) where the differential mass balance by convection-diffusion and the energy balance for convection-conduction are solved. The temperature profile is controlled to maximize hydrogen production. The catalyst bed internal profiles and the effect of temperature on ethanol conversion and carbon monoxide production are discussed as well.

scholarly journals Supercritical Transesterification of Palm Oil and Hydrated Ethanol in a Fixed Bed Reactor with a CaO/Al2O3 Catalyst

Energies ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruengwit Sawangkeaw ◽  
Pornicha Tejvirat ◽  
Chawalit Ngamcharassrivichai ◽  
Somkiat Ngamprasertsith
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

Effect of Temperature on the Pyroligneous Oil from Selected Tropical Woody Biomass in a Fixed-Bed Reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Isaac Femi Titiladunayo ◽  
Olorunnisola Peter Fapetu ◽  
James Sunday Fabiyi
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature

Enhanced Catalytic Conversion of Camelina Oil to Hydrocarbon Fuels Over Ni-MCM-41 Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaofeng Xu ◽  
Chengxinzhuo Jia ◽  
Zhengjun Shi ◽  
Ruijuan Liang ◽  
Chunhua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Camelina Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Mcm 41

The ex-situ catalytic cracking of camelina oil using nickel loaded MCM-41 as catalyst at 450 °C in fixed bed reactor was studied. Results revealed that the yield, selectivity and chemical composition of the liquid products was improved by nickel loaded MCM-41 without affecting the crystalline structure of MCM-41. Moreover, the loaded nickel onto MCM-41 facilitated the cyclization, alkylation, aromatization, deoxygenation, isomerization and cracking reactions.

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