Pemetaan Zona Kerentanan Airtanah Pesisir Formasi Batugamping Terhadap Pencemaran Nitrat Di Kecamatan Sepulu Madura

Fomasi litologi akuifer batugamping mempunyai karakteristik media aliran berupa celah, rekahan, dan lorong pelarutan, sehingga memiliki potensi mengalirkan airtanah dengan kecepatan tinggi. Produktivitas yang tinggi ini mengakibatkan sumber pencemar di permukaan dapat dengan cepat meresap ke sistem akuifer dan bercampur dengan airtanah; kondisi inilah yang memicu kerentanan tinggi. Salah satu langkah pengelolaan airtanah pesisir adalah penentuan zona kerentanan airtanah terhadap pencemaran. Dengan demikian, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kerentanan airtanah pesisir terhadap pencemaran di formasi batugamping menggunakan metode COP dengan pendekatan intrinsik dan metode EPIK dengan pendekatan perkembangan karst. Hasil penilaian menggunakan kedua metode tersebut menunjukkan tingkat kerentanan rendah hingga sangat tinggi. Pemetaan metode COP menghasilkan dua kelas kerentanan: rendah (95% dari luas wilayah) dan sedang (4%), sedangkan metode EPIK menghasilkan zona indeks kerentanan yang lebih panjang dengan empat kelas kerentanan, yaitu rendah (1,23%), sedang (17,82%), tinggi (17,82%), dan sangat tinggi (21,65%). Dibandingkan dengan COP, EPIK menghasilkan kelas kerentanan yang lebih tinggi karena pengaruh koefisien pembobot pada formula penghitungannya. Hasil penilaian kerentanan divalidasi dengan indikator limbah domestik berupa senyawa nitrat (NO3). Uji laboratorium menunjukkan kandungan nitrat (NO3) airtanah yang bervariasi dari 0,12 mg/l (terendah) hingga 9,80 mg/l (tertinggi). Variasi ini masih berada di bawah baku mutu air minum tetapi di atas baku mutu air limbah domestik atau melebihi kadar nitrat di alam. Berdasarkan hasil validasi, zona kerentanan berkorelasi dengan kandungan nitrat (NO3). Pada zona kerentanan yang tinggi, ditemukan kadar nitrat yang tinggi pula.ABSTRACTA limestone aquifer is lithologically characterized by three flow media: fissures, fractures, and dissolution channels, thus creating the potential to drain groundwater at a high rate. This high productivity, however, means that the groundwater is highly vulnerable to pollution. If a pollutant source is present on the surface, it can quickly seep into and mix with the subsurface system. Among the widely proposed management strategies is groundwater vulnerability zoning. This study was intended to determine the degrees of coastal groundwater vulnerability to pollution in a limestone formation with two methods: COP intrinsic vulnerability) and EPIK (karst development-based vulnerability). The assessment results showed that the vulnerability produced with both methods varied from low to very high. In the mapping, COP produced two levels: low (95% of the total area) and medium (4%), while EPIK generated a longer vulnerability index zone with four levels: low (1.23%), medium (17.82%), high (17.82%), and very high (21.65%). Compared to COP, EPIK results in a higher vulnerability class due to the weighting values in its vulnerability assessment. The results were validated with a domestic waste indicator: the presence of nitrate (NO3). Laboratory tests showed NO3 concentrations in the range 0.12 of 9.80 mg/l. These figures are still below the quality standard for drinking water but above that of domestic wastes or exceeding the maximum NO3 content found in nature. The validation revealed that the vulnerability zone is correlated with NO3 levels: the higher the vulnerability class of the zone, the higher the nitrate content.

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Understanding farmers' monitoring of water tables for salinity management

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea04185 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. P. Marsh ◽

M. P. Burton ◽

D. J. Pannell

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

High Rate ◽

Management Problem ◽

Apparent Paradox ◽

Saline Groundwater ◽

Monitoring Frequency ◽

Water Tables ◽

Salinity Management ◽

Very High

Given the prominence of dryland salinity as a resource management problem in Australia, it might be expected that farmers would keenly monitor the levels of saline groundwater under their farms. However, many farmers choose not to monitor, in some cases even when they have previously installed bores suitable for this purpose. We investigated this apparent paradox by analysing the monitoring behaviour of a group of farmers in the Jerramungup region of southern Western Australia. The farmers are unusual in displaying a very high rate of monitoring compared with other regions, although this rate has fallen over the past decade. A range of physical, economic and social influences on monitoring behaviour are identified by statistical analysis of survey and physical data. A key finding is that farmers who are using the information from monitoring to assess salinity management strategies implemented on their farms are likely to monitor more frequently. This suggests that monitoring frequency may be driven in large part by the availability of suitable salinity management practices that can be implemented, in contrast to the view that adoption of salinity management practices may be enhanced by programs that encourage monitoring.

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PENGARUH RESIDU PUPUK P PADA MT I TERHADAP STATUS P TANAH dan HASIL PADI SAWAH PADA MT II di KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA SUMATERA BARAT Tinggi Di Kabupaten Dharmasya Sumatera Barat

Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian ◽

10.21082/jpptp.v21n1.2018.p63-72 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Ismon Lenin

Keyword(s):

Paddy Field ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Residual Effect ◽

High Rate ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

High Productivity ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Planting Season ◽

Very High

ABSTRACT Effectof Residual Fertilizer P on MTI to Land P StatusandResults Paddy Fieldon MT II in District Dharmasraya West Sumatera. Upland converted to paddy field, and intensively fertilized for 30 years causes the soil phosphorus (P) to be very high and the plant does not respond to the fertilization of P. P fertilizer residues given in the previous planting season needs to be studied its utilization for the next planting. This study aimed to examine the effect of P fertilizer residue on MT I with high P status to P status and paddy rice yield on MT II in Dharmasraya Regency. The research was conducted from August - December 2013 on newly established paddy field in Dharmasraya District with Typic Hapludults soil type. The results showed that the application of P fertilizer at MT I with high rate on the high P status was proven to be utilized by plant on MT II. However, to obtain high productivity of the plant is still needed additional P fertilizer. The residue of P fertilizer on MT I can still be utilized to increase yield on MT II by 8.46% from 4,444 kg dried milled grain/ha to 4,820 kg dried milled grain/ha. The increase of P fertilizer rate no longer has a significant effect on the increase of dried grain yield. paddy, fertilizer,phosphorus, residual effect. ABSTRAKLahan kering yang dikonversi menjadi sawah, dan diberi pupuk secara intensif selama 30 tahun menyebabkan kadar hara fosfor (P) tanah menjadi sangat tinggi dan tanaman tidak respon terhadap pemupukan P. Residu pupuk P yang diberikan pada musim tanam sebelumnya perlu dikaji pemanfaatannya untuk tanaman berikutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh residu pupuk P pada MT I pada lahan sawah berstatus P tinggi terhadap status P tanah dan hasil padi sawah pada MT II di Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Agustus - Desember 2013 pada sawah baru mapan di Kabupaten Dharmasraya dengan jenis tanah Typic Hapludults. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan pemberian pupuk P pada MT I dengan dosis tinggi pada sawah dengan status P tinggi, terbukti masih bisa dimanfaatkan tanaman pada MT II. Namun demikian, untuk mendapatkan produktivitas tanaman yang tinggi masih diperlukan tambahan pupuk P. Residu pupuk P pada MT I masih dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan hasil pada MT II sebesar 8,46% dari 4.444 kg GKG/ha menjadi 4.820 kg GKG/ha. Peningkatan takaran pupuk P selanjutnya tidak lagi berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan hasil gabah kering giling. padi sawah, pemupukan, fosfor, pengaruh residu.

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Assessing Building Vulnerability to Tsunami Hazard in Padang

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v69.3318 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leli Honesti ◽

Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid ◽

Meli Muchlian ◽

Nazwar Djali

Keyword(s):

Risk Analysis ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Tsunami Hazard ◽

Risk Level ◽

Building Vulnerability ◽

Tsunami Propagation ◽

Tsunami Disaster ◽

The Impact ◽

Very High

It may be necessary to carry out a study about risk analysis of building vulnerability to tsunami hazard in order to identify and develop potential tsunami risk in a coastal community. The objective of this study is to develop a risk analysis of building vulnerability to tsunami hazard in Parupuk Tabing, Padang. The study aims to: (1) identify and develop the building vulnerability of various building types to tsunami hazard; (2) simulate the tsunami propagation; and (3) develop risk analysis of building vulnerability to tsunami hazard in Padang. Risk level is determined by relative vulnerabilty index score of each building to a tsunami. The buildings were classified in five classes (very low risk, low, medium, high and very high). The method used to analize pattern of various types of building and tsunami inundation is by applying formulas in the field and simulating an earthquake with TUNAMI N3 Imamura method respectively. Clearly, the relative vulnerability index ranges of the building samples in Parupuk Tabing are from 3 to 5 (medium, high and very high risk). This study shows that risk components for building protection are around 30 to 40%, whereas water inundation is 33.33%, followed by building vulnerability of 22.67-33.67%. It can be estimated that, the condition can be very vulnerable, if the level of water is more than 2 m around a building and the vulnerability of water is around 33%. The results of this study contribute to the development of risk management strategies in designing of building and construction standards as well as plan for vertical evacuation and land use zones in order to mitigate the impact of tsunami disaster in coastal communities of Padang.

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“Predator-In-First”: A Preemptive Biological Control Strategy for Sustainable Management of Pepper Pests in Florida

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12187816 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 7816

Author(s):

Vivek Kumar ◽

Lucky Mehra ◽

Cindy L. McKenzie ◽

Lance S. Osborne

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Pest Management ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Control Program ◽

Field Conditions ◽

High Rate ◽

Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽

Consistent Performance

The early establishment of a biocontrol agent in the production system, whether in the greenhouse, nursery, or field, is essential for the success of the biological control program, ensuring growers’ profitability. In an effort to develop a sustainable pest management solution for vegetable growers in Florida, we explored the application of a preemptive biological control strategy, “Predator-In-First” (PIF), in regulating multiple pepper pests, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, and Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks under greenhouse and field conditions during different growing seasons. In these studies, two bell pepper cultivars (7039 and 7141) and the phytoseiid mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias–Henriot were used as a model system. Pepper seedlings (~8 week) of each cultivar were infested with varying rates of A. swirskii (20 or 40 mites/plant or one sachet/10 plant) and allowed to settle on plant hosts for a week before planting in pots or field beds. Results showed a comparative consistent performance of the treatment with the high rate of phytoseiids (40 mites/plant) in regulating B. tabaci and F. occidentalis populations in greenhouse studies, and B. tabaci and P. latus pests under field conditions. During two fall field seasons, higher marketable yields of 12.8% and 20.1% in cultivar 7039, and 24.3% and 39.5% in cultivar 7141 were observed in the treatment with the high rate of phytoseiids compared to the untreated control, indicating yield benefits of the approach. The outcome of the study is encouraging and demonstrates that PIF can be an important tool for organic vegetable growers and a potential alternative to chemical-based conventional pest management strategies. The advantages and limitations of the PIF approach in Florida pepper production are discussed.

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Integrating hydrogeological and second-order geo-electric indices in groundwater vulnerability mapping: A case study of alluvial environments

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01437-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Nyakno Jimmy George

Keyword(s):

Protective Layer ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Aquifer Vulnerability ◽

Second Order ◽

Depth Range ◽

Near Surface ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping ◽

Longitudinal Unit Conductance ◽

S Model

AbstractAVI (Aquifer vulnerability index), GOD (groundwater occurrence, overlying lithology and depth to the aquifer), GLSI (geo-electric layer susceptibility indexing) and S (longitudinal unit conductance) models were used to assess economically exploitable groundwater resource in the coastal environment of Akwa Ibom State, southern Nigeria. The models were employed in order to delineate groundwater into its category of vulnerability to contamination sources using the first- and second-order geo-electric indices as well as hydrogeological inputs. Vertical electrical sounding technique employing Schlumberger electrode configuration was carried out in 16 locations, close to logged boreholes with known aquifer core samples. Primary or first-order geo-electric indices (resistivity, thickness and depth) measured were used to determine S. The estimated aquifer hydraulic conductivity, K, calculated from grain size diameter and water resistivity values were used to calculate hydraulic resistance (C) used to estimate AVI. With the indices assigned to geo-electric parameters on the basis of their influences, GOD and FSLI were calculated using appropriate equations. The geologic sequence in the study area consists of geo-electric layers ranging from motley topsoil, argillites (clayey to fine sands) and arenites (medium to gravelly sands). Geo-electric parametric indices of aquifer overlying layers across the survey area were utilized to weigh the vulnerability of the underlying water-bearing resource to the contaminations from surface and near-surface, using vulnerability maps created. Geo-electrically derived model maps reflecting AVI, BOD, FLSI and S were compared to assess their conformity to the degree of predictability of groundwater vulnerability. The AVI model map shows range of values of log C ( −3.46—0.07) generally less than unity and hence indicating high vulnerability. GOD model tomographic map displays a range of 0.1–0.3, indicating that the aquifer with depth range of 20.5 to 113.1 m or mean depth of 72. 3 m is lowly susceptible to surface and near-surface impurities. Again, the FLSI map displays a range of FLSI index of 1.25 to 2.75, alluding that the aquifer underlying the protective layer has a low to moderate vulnerability. The S model has values ranging from 0.013 to 0.991S. As the map indicates, a fractional portion of the aquifer at the western (Ikot Abasi) part of the study area has moderate to good protection (moderate vulnerability) while weak to poor aquifer protection (high vulnerability) has poor protection. The S model in this analysis seems to overstate the degree of susceptibility to contamination than the AVI, GOD and GLSI models. From the models, the categorization of severity of aquifer vulnerability to contaminations is relatively location-dependent and can be assessed through the model tomographic maps generated.

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Survival and cause-specific mortality of the female eastern wild turkey at its northern range edge

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr14061 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 545 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Britney Niedzielski ◽

Jeff Bowman

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Meleagris Gallopavo ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Wild Turkey ◽

High Productivity ◽

Supplemental Food ◽

Range Edge ◽

The North ◽

Wild Turkeys ◽

Peripheral Areas

Context In an era of rapid environmental change, many species are shifting their distributions. As temperate-zone species’ expand their ranges north, different and potentially severe limiting factors may begin to affect their ability to survive and reproduce. The wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is one example of a species undergoing rapid northern expansion. Aims An improved understanding of wild turkey demography at the species’ northern range periphery would facilitate effective management of this important game species. Therefore, we undertook a study to evaluate survival, causes of mortality, and behavioural strategies that may govern survival of female wild turkeys. Methods We captured 53 female wild turkeys, and used backpack transmitters to monitor their individual fates during 2012–13. Key results The annual survival estimate was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.25–0.55), with the lowest seasonal survival in the winter. The most frequent cause of mortality was mammalian predation, predominately by coyotes (Canis latrans). Age, proximity to supplemental food, and habitat use did not affect risk of mortality. Conclusions Northern wild turkeys in our study exhibited lower survival and suffered higher predation than did populations in the species’ historic range. Despite our findings, the wild turkey has expanded its range northwards and continues to exist in these peripheral areas. This may be due to high productivity or a source–sink dynamic, whereby high mortality is offset by immigration from the south. Implications The low survival and high predation of wild turkeys in the north must be considered when developing management strategies, particularly if interest exists in translocating turkeys farther north. Further research is needed to better understand whether northern turkey populations persist as sinks.

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GIS Based Approach for Vulnerability Assessment of the Karnataka Coast, India

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2016/5642523 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Akshaya Beluru Jana ◽

Arkal Vittal Hegde

Keyword(s):

Shoreline Change ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Tidal Range ◽

Coastal Zones ◽

Remotely Sensed Data ◽

Coastal Vulnerability Index ◽

Karnataka State ◽

Administrative Units ◽

2004 Tsunami ◽

Very High

The coastal zones are highly resourceful and dynamic. In recent times, increased events of tropical cyclones and the devastating impact of the December 2004 tsunami have brought forth the importance of assessing the vulnerability of the coast to hazard-induced flooding and inundation in coastal areas. This study intends to develop coastal vulnerability index (CVI) for the administrative units, known astalukasof the Karnataka state. Seven physical and geologic risk variables characterizing the vulnerability of the coast, including rate of relative sea level change, historical shoreline change, coastal slope, coastal regional elevation, mean tidal range, and significant wave height derived using conventional and remotely sensed data, along with one socioeconomic parameter “population,” were used in the study. A total of 298 km of shoreline are ranked in the study. It was observed that about 68.65 km of the shoreline is under very high vulnerable category and 79.26 km of shoreline is under high vulnerable category. Of the remaining shoreline, 59.14 km and 91.04 km are of moderate and low vulnerable categories, respectively.

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Low First Wave COVID-19 cases and health seeking behaviors across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.4314/njpar.v42i1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

C.N. Ukaga ◽

S.O. Sam-Wobo ◽

R.H. Muhammed ◽

H.O. Mogaji ◽

O.A. Surakat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Testing ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Community Level ◽

Health Seeking ◽

Routine Testing ◽

Home Management ◽

Health Seeking Behaviors ◽

Very High ◽

Age Category

This study was carried out across the six geopolitical zones to assess knowledge and health seeking behaviors of Nigerians during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in order to understand the seemingly low cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Structured and pretested short questionnaires were employed to obtain information electronically and physically across the six geopolitical zones on socio-demographic characteristics of participants; the knowledge of participants on COVID-19 disease; availability and accessibility to testing and isolation centers in the communities, attitudes and health seeking behaviors. Atotal of 1023 respondents; 705 (68.9%) males and 318 (31.1%) females across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria participated in this study with 477(46.6%) within the 26-45 years age category, and 6(0.6%) above 66 years. Atotal of 985(96.3%) had heard about COVID-19 at the time of survey while a total of 859(84.0%) of the respondents were aware of the presence of COVID-19 laboratory testing centers. Across the geopolitical zones, majority of the respondents 487(47.6%) claimed there are no routine testing for COVID-19 at their community level, while 303 (29.6%) affirmed otherwise and 216(21.1%) did not know if there were routine testing going on or not. On health seeking behaviors across the country, majority of the respondents 558(54.5%) affirmed they would visit the hospital as the first point of contact if the opportunitypresented itself, 244(23.9%) claimed they would call the NCDC toll line, 2(0.2%) said they would use prayers, while 1(0.1%) respectively claimed they would use home management strategies through visiting chemist stores and checking the internet for solutions. Findings from this study confirm that there is very high awareness of the COVID-19 disease across the country, and limited number of testing centers at the community level. The implications include the possibility of unreported COVID19 cases in the cities as well as in the communities. Keywords: COVID-19, knowledge, health seeking behaviors, community level

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Caustic and Toxic Ingestions

10.2310/7ccsp.8137 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

CDR Thomas Q Gallagher ◽

CDR Robert L Ricca

Keyword(s):

Surgical Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Tracheobronchial Tree ◽

High Rate ◽

Health Concern ◽

Endoscopic Management ◽

Caustic Ingestion ◽

Stricture Formation ◽

Accidental Ingestion

Ingestion of caustic substances remains a potentially fatal public health concern with extensive morbidity and the possibility of long-term sequelae. The management strategies of these complex injuries continue to be extensively studied in the literature. Areas of interest include the most efficacious treatment of caustic esophageal stricture to preserve the native esophagus, use of steroids, and use of esophageal stents. Prevention of accidental ingestion through strategies to limit the availability of caustic substances is a key factor in reducing the incidence of injury, but there continues to be a high rate of accidental ingestion in developing countries with less rigorous manufacturing standards. Initial evaluation includes endoscopic evaluation of the esophagus and tracheobronchial tree. Optimal treatment strategies, including the use of proton pump inhibitors to reduce gastroesophageal reflux, steroid use to prevent stricture formation, and use of stents for management of strictures, continue to be debated. Initial surgical management includes esophagectomy for full-thickness injury with abdominal exploration. Multiple surgical options exist for both restoration of gastrointestinal continuity after esophagectomy and the management of strictures refractory to medical management, including reverse gastric tube, colonic interposition, and gastric advancement. Numerous small studies have evaluated the efficacy of these interventions, but there continues to be a need for larger prospective studies to develop a worldwide consensus opinion on best practices. We provide a review of the recent literature and practice recommendations for the management of injuries due to caustic ingestion. Key words: caustic ingestion, endoscopic management, stricture, surgical management

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Application of a GIS-based DRASTIC model and groundwater quality index method for evaluation of groundwater vulnerability: a case study, Sefid-Dasht

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2015.032 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 784-792 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nastaran Khodabakhshi ◽

Gholamreza Asadollahfardi ◽

Nima Heidarzadeh

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Major Ions ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Aquifer Vulnerability ◽

Index Method ◽

Drastic Model ◽

Groundwater Quality Index ◽

The North

Pollution control and removal of pollutants from groundwater are a challenging and expensive task. The aims of this paper are to determine the aquifer vulnerability of Sefid-Dasht, in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, using the DRASTIC model. In addition, the groundwater quality index (GQI) technique was applied to assess the groundwater quality and study the spatial variability of major ion concentrations using a geographic information system (GIS). The vulnerability index ranged from 65 to 132, classified into two classes: low and moderate vulnerability. In the southern part of the aquifer, the vulnerability was moderate. Furthermore, the results indicate that the magnitude of the GQI index varies from 92% to 95%. This means the water has a suitable quality. However, from the north to the south and southwest of the aquifer, the water quality has been deteriorating, and the highest concentration of major ions was found in the southwest of the Sefid-Dasht aquifer. A comparison of the vulnerability maps with the GQI index map indicated a poor relation between them. In the DRASTIC method, movement of groundwater is not considered and may be the reason for such inconsistency. However, the movement of groundwater can transport contaminants.

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