Assessing Building Vulnerability to Tsunami Hazard in Padang

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leli Honesti ◽  
Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid ◽  
Meli Muchlian ◽  
Nazwar Djali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

It may be necessary to carry out a study about risk analysis of building vulnerability to tsunami hazard in order to identify and develop potential tsunami risk in a coastal community. The objective of this study is  to develop a risk analysis of building vulnerability to tsunami hazard in Parupuk Tabing, Padang. The study aims to: (1) identify and develop the building vulnerability of various building types to tsunami hazard; (2) simulate the tsunami propagation; and (3) develop risk analysis of building vulnerability to tsunami hazard in Padang.  Risk level is determined by relative vulnerabilty index score of each building to a tsunami. The buildings were classified in five classes (very low risk, low, medium, high and very high). The method used to analize pattern of various types of building and tsunami inundation is by applying formulas in the field and simulating an earthquake with TUNAMI N3 Imamura method respectively. Clearly, the relative vulnerability index ranges of the building samples in Parupuk Tabing are from 3 to 5 (medium, high and very high risk). This study shows that risk components for building protection are around 30 to 40%, whereas water inundation is 33.33%, followed by building vulnerability of 22.67-33.67%. It can be estimated that, the condition can be very vulnerable, if the level of water is  more than 2 m around a building and the vulnerability of water is around 33%. The results of this study contribute to the development of risk management strategies in designing of building and construction standards as well as plan for vertical evacuation and land use zones in order to mitigate the impact of tsunami disaster in coastal communities of Padang. 

scholarly journals Development risk analysis method for tsunami disaster

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 10005
Author(s):  
Purnawan Purnawan ◽  
Vera Surtia Bachtiart ◽  
Titi Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Management Agency ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Risk Handling ◽  
Mentawai Island ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prevention Plan

After tsunami disaster hit Aceh and Mentawai Island, Indonesia Government prepare disaster prevention plan for the areas that could be hit by tsunami disaster. Government has predicted that 19 areas could hit by tsunami disaster if big earthquake occur in that areas. Based on that condition, Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) in several cities has prepared the evacuation facilities to reduce the effect of tsunami if the disaster is occurred. Although, the evacuation facilities have been built, however the risk from the impact of tsunami in that areas are still could not be measured. This paper shows the method to measure tsunami disaster risk, and method to determine the priorities handling tsunami impacts in certain area. This risk analysis method was developed based on risk analysis method developed by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The risk of tsunami disaster is determined based on three parameters, i.e: threat of tsunami, vulnerability of people, infrastructure and agriculture, the inundation impact of tsunami. The priorities of tsunami risk handling to the affected areas are determined based on the Risk Prioritisation Index (RPI). The RPI values could be determined from the risk analysis values. The RPI values indicate the risk exposure rank in the tsunami affected areas. From analysis RPI value of each area, Government could determine the area that should be prioritising prevention to facing tsunami disaster because of the high risk level that could be occurred in that area.

TSUNAMI ACEH 2004 SEBAGAI DASAR PENATAAN RUANG KOTA MEULABOH

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisyanto Wisyanto
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Landuse Planning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tsunami Mitigation ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
The Impact

Tsunami which was generated by the 2004 Aceh eartquake has beenhaunting our life. The building damage due to the tsunami could be seenthroughout Meulaboh Coastal Area. Appearing of the physical loss wasclose to our fault. It was caused by the use dan plan of the land withoutconsidering a tsunami disaster threat. Learning from that event, we haveconducted a research on the pattern of damage that caused by the 2004tsunami. Based on the analysis of tsunami hazard intensity and thepattern of building damage, it has been made a landuse planning whichbased on tsunami mitigation for Meulaboh. Tsunami mitigation-based ofMeulaboh landuse planning was made by intergrating some aspects, suchas tsunami protection using pandanus greenbelt, embankment along withhigh plants and also arranging the direction of roads and setting of building forming a rhombus-shaped. The rhombus-shaped of setting of the road and building would reduce the impact of tsunamic wave. It is expected that these all comprehensive landuse planning will minimize potential losses in the future .

scholarly journals ANALISIS RISIKO KEKERINGAN DI KABUPATEN BANTUL PROVINSI D.I. YOGYAKARTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Annisa Mu'awanah Sukmawati ◽  
Puji Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Bantul Regency is a district in Yogyakarta Province which has geographic, geological, hydrological, and demographic characteristics that are likely to cause drought. Drought event in Bantul Regency may have significant impacts on various aspects in line with the characteristics of drought impacts which are complex and cross-sectoral. This study addresses to analyze the level of risk of drought with observation units in 75 villages in the Bantul Regency. The risk analysis was carried out by comparing the time period of the 10 years, i.e. 2008 and 2018 to observe the shift of risk areas of drought in Bantul Regency. The research was conducted using quantitative research methods with quantitative descriptive and mapping analysis. The analysis steps are drought hazard analysis, vulnerability analysis, and drought risk analysis. The analysis shows that during the last 10 years, Kabupaten Bantul has been experiencing an increasing number of villages classified as high risk of drought, both in urban and rural areas. In 2008 there were 15 villages (20%) and increased to 21 villages (28%) in 2018 that were classified as very very high level. Meanwhile, in 2008 there were 30 villages (40%) in 2008 and increased to 32 villages (42.7%) in 2018 that were classified as very high level. It caused by the increasing probability of drought as well as vulnerability. The analysis results can be used as input for stakeholders to take mitigation and anticipation actions to reduce the impact of drought based on the spatial characteristics of the risk areas.

scholarly journals Analysis and validation of the PTVA tsunami building vulnerability model using the 2015 Chile post-tsunami damage data in Coquimbo and La Serena cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1703-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Izquierdo ◽  
Eduardo Fritis ◽  
Manuel Abad
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment

Abstract. Chile is highly exposed to tsunami hazard from large earthquakes often occurring along the Peru–Chile trench, like the 16 September 2015 event. However, only recently has tsunami hazard been considered in the land-use policies of the Chilean coast. These new regulations must enforce the identification of the most vulnerable sectors of the Chilean coastal cities. This paper analyses and validates the two latest versions of the Papathoma Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment (PTVA) model in the 2015 tsunami reconstructed scenario in the cities of La Serena and Coquimbo. Both models result in a similar number of very high and high relative vulnerability index (RVI) scores. However, the less vulnerable categories do not show a similar trend and the PTVA-4 model obtains a larger number of minor and average RVI scores. When compared to the damages caused by the tsunami, the PTVA-3 shows a more similar distribution to the actual damages than that obtained by the PTVA-4 model, which shows a more concentrated distribution of the RVI scores. These results suggest this version of the model should be used in Chilean coastal cities in future land-use or mitigation planning.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Fuzzy System Dynamics Approach for Risk Analysis of AUV Operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Tzu Yang Loh ◽  
Mario P. Brito ◽  
Neil Bose ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
Natalia Nikolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Fuzzy System ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
The Impact

The maturing of autonomous technology has fostered a rapid expansion in the use of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). To prevent the loss of AUVs during deployments, existing risk analysis approaches tend to focus on technicalities, historical data and experts’ opinion for probability quantification. However, data may not always be available and the complex interrelationships between risk factors are often neglected due to uncertainties. To overcome these shortfalls, a hybrid fuzzy system dynamics risk analysis (FuSDRA) is proposed. The approach utilises the strengths while overcoming limitations of both system dynamics and fuzzy set theory. Presented as a three-step iterative framework, the approach was applied on a case study to examine the impact of crew operating experience on the risk of AUV loss. Results showed not only that initial experience of the team affects the risk of loss, but any loss of experience in earlier stages of the AUV program have a lesser impact as compared to later stages. A series of risk control policies were recommended based on the results. The case study demonstrated how the FuSDRA approach can be applied to inform human resource and risk management strategies, or broader application within the AUV domain and other complex technological systems.

scholarly journals Assessment of Building Vulnerability to Tsunami Hazard in Kamari (Santorini Island, Greece)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 886
Author(s):  
Dimitrios-Vasileios Batzakis ◽  
Loukas-Moysis Misthos ◽  
Gerasimos Voulgaris ◽  
Konstantinos Tsanakas ◽  
Maria Andreou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Aegean Islands ◽  
Run Up

Santorini Island, located in the Southern Aegean Sea, is prone to tsunamis due to its proximity to the Hellenic subduction zone, which is one of the major tsunamigenic areas. Characteristic events, such as those of 365 A.D. and 1303 A.D. greatly affected the coasts of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, causing significant loss of life and construction damage. Tsunami disaster risk is nowadays significantly higher due to the increased exposure of the buildings as a result of the economic and touristic growth of the Aegean Islands. This study focuses on the eastern coast of Santorini, since its morphology and human presence amplify the necessity to assess its building vulnerability. After conducting an exposure analysis at the settlements of the eastern coast, Kamari poses the highest physical, social and economic relative exposure to any potential natural hazard. The main objective of this research is to quantify the building stock’s vulnerability to tsunami hazard. For this purpose, a “worst-case run-up scenario” was developed. Considering the history of tsunamis in the Aegean Sea, an extreme sea-level rise after a 10 m a.s.l. tsunami run-up, caused by an earthquake with Mw~8.5, was assumed. The relative vulnerability of the buildings in Kamari was calculated via the application of the Papathoma Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment (PTVA-4) analytic model. The results indicate that 423 buildings are within the inundation zone, 58% of which are characterized as highly and very highly vulnerable to tsunamis, revealing the problematic characteristics of the building stock, offering important information to the decision-makers to mitigate a possible future tsunami impact.

Modeling the Potential Risk of Building Vulnerability towards Tsunami Hazard in Ulak Karang and Pasir Jambak Sub-District, Padang

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leli Honesti ◽  
Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid ◽  
Nazwar Djali ◽  
Meli Muchlian
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Region ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Vertical Evacuation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Padang was destroyed by tsunamis generated by the earthquakes in the history of Padang. As an area located in a coastal region, its buildings in Padang face major vulnerability against a tsunami. The objectives of this study are to develop the potential impact model of building vulnerability toward tsunami hazard and to compare the building damage levels based on water inundation, internal, and external factors in Ulak Karang and Pasir Jambak sub-districts. The objective of this research is also to give recommendation to government in making planning strategies for reducing and managing the tsunami risk on building vulnerability. There are three stages of modeling; first stage in this study is simulating an eartquake model for two study areas to estimate the maximum inundation. The second stage of modeling is implementing the spatial analysis of building vulnerability based on the field surveys and GIS. The third stage to conlude is developing the Relative Vulnerability Index (RVI) scores of buildings by mapping the building vulnerability toward tsunami hazard and giving several alternatives to develop a risk management plan in a coastal community. The result shows that Ulak Karang sub-district is determined to be more vulnerable than Pasir Jambak sub-district because many buildings near the coastline of Ulak Karang sub-district are made of timber and are arranged close to each other. Moreover, many buildings in Ulak Karang sub-district, especially along the river, are made of traditional brick. Although near Pasir Jambak coastline many buildings are made of timber, but the buildings are not close to each other. There are several alternatives to increase resilience of buildings in a coastal zone, namely: 1) regulation for buildings that have RVI: 4 and 5; 2) building codes; 3) vertical evacuation structures; 4) land use zones; 5)  sea walls along the coastlines; 6) natural barriers and 7)  early warning system.   

scholarly journals Development of a Relative Vulnerability Index (RVI) for Estimation of Building Vulnerability towards Tsunami Hazard

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 01037
Author(s):  
Leli Honesti ◽  
Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid ◽  
Nazwar Djali ◽  
Meli Muchlian ◽  
Z Syofyan
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Water Inundation ◽  
Relative Vulnerability

Tsunami hazard is an adverse event, which causes damage to properties and loss of life. The study on the effects of tsunami hazard on building vulnerability can help establish and improve the resilience of the building. The problem in assessing the building vulnerability towards tsunami hazard is significant whereby available models for assessing the risk are not applicable for buildings in Padang, Indonesia. The study developed a new Relative Vulnerability Index (RVI) model to estimate building vulnerability for assessment the risk. Literature review was carried out with regards to model development. The model was grouped in two categories of vulnerability, namely the Water Inundation (WI) and the Building Vulnerability (BV). The water inundation comprises tsunami inundation factor. Then, the building bulnerability consists of both internal and external factors. Contribution of each factor is 1/3 or 33.33% of the overall weighting of the new RVI scores. The new RVI model has applied a formula of 1/3 water (tsunami) inundation factor + 1/3 internal factor + 1/3 external factor. The total value of all weights put together should be equal to 100. To use the model, it is necessary to investigate two internal and external factors based on the characteristics of a building and specific geographichal feature of an area. In conclusion, this study has successfully developed a new RVI model for building vulnerability towards tsunamis. In comparison to other approaches, the model offers an adaptable methodology for the characteristics of the buildings and spesific geographical features of the area.

scholarly journals The Impact of Herbage Mass on Perennial Ryegrass Swards in Autumn on Autumn and over Winter Production and Characteristics

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1140
Author(s):  
Caitlin Looney ◽  
Astrid Wingler ◽  
Michael Egan
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High ◽  
Plot Design

Accumulating herbage mass to facilitate the extension of the grazing season in autumn is commonly practised. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of accumulating varying target herbage masses (THM) in autumn and imposing different defoliation dates (DD), on herbage mass, sward quality and water-soluble carbohydrates in autumn and the subsequent spring. A 4 × 3 factorial split plot design was assigned with four THM (Low ≈ 500 kg·DM·ha−1, Medium ≈ 1500 kg·DM·ha−1, High ≈ 2000 kg·DM·ha−1 and Very high ≈ 3000 kg·DM·ha−1) and three DD (DD1—15 October, DD2—7 November and DD3—21 November), across two years. Measurements were carried out at each DD and in spring. Differences in sward quality were found between each THM on different DD. Sward quality reduced from DD2 to DD3 in the high THM (−13 g·kg−1 DM CP, p < 0.001). The very high THM had the lowest sward quality from DD1 (206 g·kg−1 DM CP, p < 0.001 and 787 g·kg−1 DM DMD, p < 0.05). This study has identified the defoliation date of THM in autumn as key to improving autumn management strategies for increased utilisation and sward quality.

A sustainable model for agriculture based on nanofibrous biodegradable polymers mimicking natural strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Macagnano ◽  
Massimo Mari ◽  
Giuseppe Scarascia-Mugnozza ◽  
Fabrizio De Cesare
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Strategy I

&lt;p&gt;The damage and risk to the environment and human health consequent to traditional agricultural practices urged the development of innovative techniques and more environmentally friendly processes and compounds. Nanotechnology can improve the precision in the processes and the coordination of the management strategies of agricultural production. Therefore, innovative and groundbreaking tools have recently been developed employing natural and engineered nanomaterials to deliver agrochemicals to plants for both improving nutrition, stimulate plant growth, improve the quality of the soil and protect plants, while reducing the impact of these compounds on the environment and human health. Electrospinning (ES) is a highly versatile and inexpensive nanotechnology that allows to design and fabricate continuous non-woven polymer fibers with diameters ranging from micrometer to nanometer when a strong electrical field acts on a droplet of a solution with sufficient viscoelasticity. The resulting fibers can assume complex shapes, creating a multitude of structures with a broad spectrum of different properties (porosity, permeability, high fiber interconnectivity, nano-scale interstitial spaces, biomimetism and bioinspiration, etc.).&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;Since the limitation of iron availability is a crucial condition in plant nutrition, the polymer fabrics here proposed, mimicking the natural strategy adopted by nongraminaceous and graminaceous species (Strategy I and II, respectively), were designed to make available to the plants the insoluble iron (Fe III) widely present in ecosystems by releasing selected iron-chelating molecules. Therefore, we investigated a model system based on ES biodegradable nanofibrous textiles with different shapes capable of releasing natural iron-chelators into soil/water by controlled rates (depending on the membrane morphology). The present study first focused on the production and functionality of a biodegradable nanofibrous polymer (polyhydroxybutyrate-PHB) scaffold, that is naturally produced by microorganisms and algae). &amp;#160;Because of its fragility, PHB was then blended with another biodegradable polymer (polycaprolactone-PCL), and then properly bio-loaded. The resulting polymer blend, due to the physical properties of PCL, resulted softer and mechanically more resistant than the previous one (PHB) and it was poorly affected by sudden changes in temperature. Both polymers are water insoluble and present low environmental impact, and are commonly investigated and used in drug delivery structures. The effectiveness and toxicity of both functional systems mimicking Strategy I and II concepts and dynamics were tested in two different plant hydroponic cultures. Such regenerative and sustainable agricultural practices based on natural sources and waste reduction, inspired by the principles of a circular bio-economy (European Environment Agency, report n. 2/2016), aimed at replacing the use of chemicals and traditional raw materials, improving health and environmental conditions, as required by the original principles of a circular economy, and at facing the increasing risk level for our natural capital.&lt;/p&gt;

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