Penggunaan Paraban Positif-Negatif dan Fungsinya (Kajian Etnolinguistik)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Hermintoyo Hermintoyo
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Informal Communication ◽  
The Real ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Context Of Use ◽  
And Behavior

The use of language in informal communication tends to be a variety of familiar, relaxed. There is closeness between the wearers, one of which is the use of the greeting word Paraban. The salutation word paraban is an additional attribute given to the real name. Paraban is etymologically given conventionally by looking at physical, habit, pleasure, social status, and behavior. There are negative and positive greetings from this paraban. In the context of use it is carried out in intimate communication, and in free situations, such as playing, meeting or in certain events. This context serves a function as: identity, address, social status, and seduction. Psychological use of paraban is generally considered normal for its owner, except for negative paraban. Paraban felt negative because he mentioned physical disabilities, behavior, the profession concerned. Even though it feels painful, the person concerned cannot refuse it even because the habit of daily paraban calls has become commonplace. However, the negative paraban call must be made from close friends, playmates if it is not a close friend or younger age then the person concerned will be offended and angry.   

scholarly journals The Structural Dilemma of Citizen Participation: The Interactive Influence of Social Status and Subjective Social Mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110031
Author(s):  
Xuyun Tan ◽  
Xuejiao Dou ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Cai Xing ◽  
Baoyu Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Stratification Structure ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
High Social Status

In the context of rapid social change, the perception of social stratification has far-reaching and complex influences on human psychology and behavior, including citizen participation. The current research explored the interactive influence of social status and subjective social mobility on citizen participation. Two studies used experimental methods to manipulate subjective social mobility and social status, respectively, to examine the interactive effect. Taken together, the results of both studies revealed that the interaction between social status and subjective social mobility had a significant influence on citizen participation: whereas citizen participation with high social status was not affected by subjective social mobility, citizen participation with low social status decreased with increases in subjective social mobility. This research established a combined dynamic and static analysis framework of social stratification structure, elucidating the current status of citizen participation under the influence of the interaction between social status and subjective social mobility, and providing a countermeasure reference for effectively promoting citizen participation.

scholarly journals Corpus Assisted Approach To Armah’s The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Samuel Kwesi Nkansah
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Context Of Use ◽  
Objective Investigation

Armah’s The Beautyful Ones are not yet Born is a novel known for its extensive portrayal of the ills and anomalies in the Ghanaian society right after independence. The majority of studies on the novel have overwhelmingly concluded that corruption is the preoccupation of the text. This view appears skewed in many respects. This paper argues that the corpus assisted approach can contribute methodologies to support objective investigation of the subject matters of the text. This study, adopting the corpus-assisted approach in a mix of numerical data and qualitative description of Armah’s The Beautyful Ones are not yet Born, used frequencies of the occurrence of pejorative terms in the text to determine the dominant subject matters in the novel. The approach reveals that “rot” and “decay” are the most dominant motifs used, followed by “filth”, “corruption”, and “bribery”. It suggests that clusters, i.e., recurrence of words, characters’ association with the words, and context of use serve as textual cues in thematic exploration. The approach aids in revealing that the real intent of The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born is that the total breakdown of the society rests on seemingly insignificant characters. The paper has implications for methodological approaches to thematic analysis of literary texts, particularly, the novel.

scholarly journals Aggression Type Influences Perceptions of a Woman’s Body Size, Personality, and Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 147470492091793
Author(s):  
Jaime L. Palmer-Hague
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Mate Value ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
And Behavior

Although women engage in both physical and nonphysical aggression, little is known about how aggression type influences perceptions of their morphology, personality, and social behavior. Evolutionary theory predicts that women avoid physical aggression due to risk of injury, which could compromise reproductive success. Engaging in physical aggression might therefore decrease women’s perceived mate value. However, physical aggression could be advantageous for some women, such as those who are larger in size and less vulnerable to injury. This presents the possibility that physically aggressive women might be perceived as larger and not necessarily lower in mate value. These hypotheses have not been tested. Across three studies, I used narratives to test the effect of aggression type (physical, verbal, indirect, nonaggressive) on perceptions of women’s height, weight, masculinity, attractiveness, and social status. In Studies 1 and 2, participants perceived a physically aggressive woman to be both larger and more masculine than nonphysically aggressive women. In Study 3, participants perceived both a physically aggressive woman and a nonaggressive woman to be larger than an indirectly aggressive woman; the effect of aggression type on perceptions of a hypothetical man’s height was not significant. I also found some evidence that aggression type influenced perceptions of attractiveness and social status, but these were small and inconsistent effects that warrant further study. Taken together, the results suggest that physical and indirect aggressive behavior may be associated with certain morphological and behavioral profiles in women.

HEADLINE AND PHOTO PORTRAYALS OF RAPED PERSONS IN SELECT EDITIONS OF NIGERIAN DAILIES: A TEXTUAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Idakwo ◽  
◽  
Obuzor Mezewo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mass Media

As a social plague that has been with mankind for all time, rape has left many stereotyped, stigmatised, and sometimes, irreparably damaged. The act is an evil that defies the age, race, location, and social status of its sufferers. Despite the heavy legal penalties that this crime attracts in many parts of the world, its occurrence has, nonetheless, been on the increase. Research reveals that many rape cases go unreported by their sufferers for fear of further harm from their attackers and for fear of stigma. In Nigeria, even when they are reported to the police, the authorities do too little to bring perpetrators to justice - a misnomer that gives the rapists more impetus to repeat their act. The few of these cases that are carried by the mass media, ostensibly, project the sufferers as hopeless and pitiable individuals, whose lives are ruined. Theoretically situated within the framing ideology, this paper adopted the textual analysis method to establish that Nigerian newspapers exploit the use of headlines and photos to re-victimise raped persons in the ways they are portrayed. Rather than ameliorate the effects of the evil done to such individuals, these texts present them and their loved ones as hopeless victims. This paper holds that rapists should be portrayed as the ones needing of pity and help. Although the paper agrees that both the rapist and the raped need dissimilar psychosocial (and medical) rehabilitations, it recommends that Nigerian newspapers should deemphasise angles that throw pity parties for those affected by the incidents, while the rapists should be projected as the real victims of themselves and of their acts.

scholarly journals Jalan Tasawuf dalam Naskah Layang Ijo Koleksi Kyai Mohammad Thohari Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Nur Said
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Community Life ◽  
The Real ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Inner Sense ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Interpretative Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
True Knowledge ◽  
And Behavior

This research examines four things: 1) Where do the origins of the manuscript Layang Ijo obtained by the collector?, 2) What is the description of the manuscript Layang Ijo ranging from physical conditions until characteristics of teaching?, 3) What the history of the manuscript Layang Ijo was collected dan taught?, 4) What are the values of Sufism anything thatcan be drawn from the Layang Ijo for the needs of the Islamic community life today? This research uses the philological procedures followed by interpretative analysis to find the path of Sufism in the Layang Ijo teaching.The conclusion of research shows that the tradition of writing in the time period of Wali Sanga is not just an expression of inner-sense (qalb) but also as response to the humanitarian concerns in the real life such as the mission and behavior (lelaku) of Wali Sanga, the importance of true knowledge (ilmu sejati), the Sufism, the harmony between tharikat, shari'ah and hakekat, as well as the mystery of the death of Sheikh Siti Djenar also reviewed in this manuscript. In the end it also discussed the way of ma'rifatullah as a legacy of the prophets, apostles and the lover of God (Waliyyullah).

scholarly journals Competition in a Household Energy Conservation Game

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11991
Author(s):  
Jan Dirk Fijnheer ◽  
Herre van Oostendorp ◽  
Geert-Jan Giezeman ◽  
Remco C. Veltkamp
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Real World ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Saving Behavior ◽  
And Behavior

This paper presents the results of a game study, comparing Powersaver Game including a competition feature versus the same game excluding a competition feature with respect to energy conservation in the household. In a pretest–posttest design, we tested whether change in attitude, knowledge and behavior with respect to energy conservation in the household was different for participants playing Powersaver Game with or without competition. All energy conservation activities that the application provides (e.g., washing clothes at low temperatures) take place in the real world and feedback is based on real-time energy consumption. This so-called reality-enhanced game approach aims to optimize the transfer between the game world and the real world. Household energy consumption changed significantly and positively in the long term due to competition. A significant difference of 8% in energy consumption between both conditions after the intervention was detected. Besides energy conservation, no further differences were detected between conditions. The chain of events, that an increase in knowledge leads to attitude change, which in turn results in behavior change in the long term is confirmed by means of a path analysis. We conclude that Powersaver Game is effective in the transfer of energy conservation knowledge, which leads to energy saving behavior in the long term while competition additionally contributes to more change in behavior.

scholarly journals Modular genetic control of social status in a cichlid fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beau A. Alward ◽  
Vibhav Laud ◽  
Christopher J. Skalnik ◽  
Ryan A. York ◽  
Scott Juntti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
African Cichlid ◽  
Astatotilapia Burtoni ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractSocial hierarchies are ubiquitous in social species and profoundly influence physiology and behavior. Androgens like testosterone have been strongly linked to social status, yet the molecular mechanisms regulating social status are not known. The African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni is a powerful model species for elucidating the role of androgens in social status given their rich social hierarchy and genetic tractability. Dominant A. burtoni males possess large testes, bright coloration, and perform aggressive and reproductive behaviors while non-dominant males do not. Social status in A. burtoni is in flux, however, as males alter their status depending on the social environment. Due to a teleost-specific whole-genome duplication, A. burtoni possess two androgen receptor (AR) paralogs, ARα and ARβ, providing a unique opportunity to disentangle the role of gene duplication in the evolution of social systems. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate AR mutant A. burtoni and performed a suite of experiments to interrogate the mechanistic basis of social dominance. We find that ARβ, but not ARα, is required for testes growth and bright coloration, while ARα, but not ARβ, is required for the performance of reproductive behavior and aggressive displays. Both receptors are required to reduce flees from females and either AR is sufficient for attacking males. Thus, social status in A. burtoni is inordinately dissociable and under the modular control of two AR paralogs. This type of non-redundancy may be important in facilitating social plasticity in A. burtoni and other species whose social status relies on social experience.Significance StatementSocial rank along a hierarchy determines physiological state and behavioral performance. A ubiquitous feature of social hierarchies is the communication of rank through non-physical signaling systems (e.g., coloration) and aggression, traits that correlate with the reproductive status of an individual. Despite the links identified between social status, physiology, and behavior, the molecular basis of social status is not known. Here, we genetically dissect social status in the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. We show that two distinct androgen receptor (AR) genes control social status in a highly modular manner. This type of coordination of social status may be fundamental across species that rely on social information to optimally guide physiology and behavior.

scholarly journals A Contemporary Approach of Las Meninas

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
Irina-Andreea Stoleriu
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Royal Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Contemporary Artists

The present study is meant to underline the importance of a famous work from the baroque period, Las Meninas, made by the painter Diego de Silva y Velásquez who has become a source of inspiration for future generations of artists. Numerous modern and contemporary artists have integrally or partially ”paraphrased” Velásquez’s composition by intercepting the portrait of revolutionary group for the time when it was created, extremely innovative regarding its compositional qualities and its hidden meanings which underlined the role and status of the artist in the context of a conservative society. Thus, the painting becomes the living proof of the way in which the artist manages to overcome the limitations of the social status of ordinary human beings, by portraying himself as a close friend of the royal family and by opening, through this type of representation, an important chapter in the history of portraiture.

scholarly journals Reverse Measurement as a Tool for Management Method Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Martina Tomičić Furjan
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Real System ◽  
Formal Specifications ◽  
Method Evaluation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Management Method ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Business Technology

Strategic planning is a procedure that is supposed to define organizational development through the identification of strategic goals. Models can help in understanding the business technology and in creation of formal specifications of the functionality, structure and behavior of real system appearances. By giving the entities in the model numerical values, possible improvements can be simulated, measured and evaluated according to the measurements, and then use for managing the organization. The issue on this approach is that the results that are gotten from the model measurements can be compared to the real values that the model results represent only after they are already accomplished. In this paper the use of reverse measurement is being introduced as a tool for evaluating management methods, in order to ensure the usability of a method prior to its application for managing the organization.

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