scholarly journals Soil and phytomicrobiomes for plant growth and soil fertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ajar Nath Yadav ◽  
Divjot Kour ◽  
Amrik Singh Ahluwalia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Effective Manner

Soil is the basic requirement for agriculture crop production and simultaneously the microbial activity is important to improve soil health for healthy crop growth because microbial communities play an important role in building a complex link between plants and soil. Microbiomes from plants, soil and extreme environments are naturally gifted with amazing capabilities which play significant roles in the maintenance of global nutrient balance and ecosystem functions. The microbiomes from diverse niches have in fact emerged as potential tools for improving the plant growth and productivity by diverse mechanisms include solubilization of nutrients, nitrogen fixation, hormonal stimulation as well as biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Further, these microbiomes have an immense potential to maintain soil health and fertility. Thus, dependent on their mode of action and effects, these microbiomes can be used as biofertilizers, biopesticides, plant strengtheners, and phytostimulators which will play a major role in improving productivity and achieving sustainability in an eco-friendly, economical and cost effective manner.

Interactive effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes on ameliorating salinity stress in maize

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saqib Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Mathias Neumann Andersen ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Zahir Ahmad Zahir ◽  
Fulai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

The objective of this work was to study the interactive effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and exopolysaccharide activity on mitigating salinity stress in maize (Zea mays L.). The plants were grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions, and were subjected to separate or combined treatments of biochar (0% and 5%, w/w) and two endophytic bacterial strains (Burkholderia phytofirmans (PsJN) and Enterobacter sp. (FD17)) and salinity stress. The results indicated that salinity significantly decreased the growth of maize, whereas both biochar and inoculation mitigated the negative effects of salinity on maize performance either by decreasing the xylem Na+ concentration ([Na+]xylem) uptake or by maintaining nutrient balance within the plant, especially when the two treatments were applied in combination. Moreover, in biochar-amended saline soil, strain FD17 performed significantly better than did PsJN in reducing [Na+]xylem. Our results suggested that inoculation of plants with endophytic baterial strains along with biochar amendment could be an effective approach for sustaining crop production in salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals Assessment of Plant Growth Promoting and Abiotic Stress Tolerance Properties of Wheat Endophytic Fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Alam Ripa ◽  
Wei-dong Cao ◽  
Shuai Tong ◽  
Jian-guang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

The aims of the present work were to isolate and characterize fungal endophytic communities associated with healthy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants, collected from the North China. Segregated endophytes were screened for their PGP traits, abiotic stresses (heavy metals, salinity, drought, and temperature), and antibiotic sensitivity. A total of 16 endophytic fungi were isolated using the culture-dependent approach from different tissue parts of wheat plants. Based upon their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA gene sequencing, 15 out of 16 isolates were selected for further analysis. In the contemporary investigation, a number of the tested endophytes exhibited fairly good 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) (0.03±0.011 to 1.43±0.01µmolα-KB mg−1protein hr−1), indole acetic acid (IAA) (1.125±0.04 to36.12±0.004µgml−1), and phosphate solubilizing index (PSI) (2.08±0.03to5.16±0.36) activities. More than 30% isolates gave positive result for siderophore and ammonia tests, whereas all exhibited catalase activity but only 2 (582PDA1 and 582PDA11) produced hydrogen cyanide.Trichodermastrains showed salt, heavy metals, and drought tolerance at high levels and also exhibited resistance to all the tested antibiotics. Strain 582PDA4 was found to be the most temperature (55°C) tolerant isolate. The findings of this study indicated that the microbial endophytes isolated from wheat plants possessing a crucial function to improve plant growth could be utilized as biofertilizers or bioagents to establish a sustainable crop production system.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Stimulation by Microbial Consortia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Gustavo Santoyo ◽  
Paulina Guzmán-Guzmán ◽  
Fannie Isela Parra-Cota ◽  
Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos ◽  
Ma. del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plant Growth Stimulation ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Multiple Species

Plant-associated microorganisms play an important role in agricultural production. Although various studies have shown that single microorganisms can exert beneficial effects on plants, it is increasingly evident that when a microbial consortium—two or more interacting microorganisms—is involved, additive or synergistic results can be expected. This occurs, in part, due to the fact that multiple species can perform a variety of tasks in an ecosystem like the rhizosphere. Therefore, the beneficial mechanisms of plant growth stimulation (i.e., enhanced nutrient availability, phytohormone modulation, biocontrol, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance) exerted by different microbial players within the rhizosphere, such as plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and fungi (such as Trichoderma and Mycorrhizae), are reviewed. In addition, their interaction and beneficial activity are highlighted when they act as part of a consortium, mainly as mixtures of different species of PGPB, PGPB–Mycorrhizae, and PGPB–Trichoderma, under normal and diverse stress conditions. Finally, we propose the expansion of the use of different microbial consortia, as well as an increase in research on different mixtures of microorganisms that facilitate the best and most consistent results in the field.

scholarly journals Biostimulants as Plant Growth Stimulators in Modernized Agriculture and Environmental Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amjad Bashir ◽  
Abdur Rehim ◽  
Qurat-Ul-Ain Raza ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
Limei Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Nutrients Cycling ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heavy Metals Bioavailability

Plant growth stimulators (growth regulators + biostimulants; PGS) are chemical substances (organic/inorganic), helpful in plant growth and development. These are not considered as the replacement of fertilizers but can help in improved crop and soil quality. Both compounds can amplify the root biomass, nutrients translocation, enzymatic activities, crop yield, physiology, and nutrient uptake. Biostimulants are rich in minerals, vitamins, plant hormones, oligosaccharides, and amino acids. These compounds have a serious role to improve soil health, fertility, sorption, and desorption of nutrients. Hence, have a vital character in nutrients cycling, abiotic stress control, heavy metals bioavailability, and greenhouse gaseous emission. This chapter focuses on the discussions about the influence of plant growth regulators and biostimulants in crop production, soil health, heavy metal cycling, greenhouse gases emission with environmental sustainability. Whereas, the impact of biostimulants on greenhouse gases is a research gap.

Beneficial biofilms for land rehabilitation and fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Microbial Inoculation

ABSTRACT The acquisition of a biofilm lifestyle is common in nature for microorganisms. It increases their biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and their capability to provide ecosystem services. Although diminutive communities, soil beneficial biofilms are essential for nutrient cycling, soil stabilization and direct or indirect promotion of plant development. Some biofilms represent valid biotechnological tools to deal with problems related to soil degradation, which threat food quality and the maintenance of ecosystem functions. Three genres of biofilms: rhizobacterial biofilms, fungal-bacterial biofilms and biocrusts are reviewed, and their beneficial effects on the environment outlined. Their induction by microbial inoculation represents a potential eco-friendly and sustainable approach to restore lost ecosystem functions and counteract the effects of soil erosion. Yet, some existing knowledge and methodological gaps, that will be discussed here, still hamper the optimization of this technology, and its application at its full potential.

scholarly journals Biostimulants Application: A Low Input Cropping Management Tool for Sustainable Farming of Vegetables

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian ◽  
Christina Chaski ◽  
Nikolaos Polyzos ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physiological Processes

Biostimulants, are a diverse class of compounds including substances or microorganism which have positive impacts on plant growth, yield and chemical composition as well as boosting effects to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The major plant biostimulants are hydrolysates of plant or animal protein and other compounds that contain nitrogen, humic substances, extracts of seaweeds, biopolymers, compounds of microbial origin, phosphite, and silicon, among others. The mechanisms involved in the protective effects of biostimulants are varied depending on the compound and/or crop and mostly related with improved physiological processes and plant morphology aspects such as the enhanced root formation and elongation, increased nutrient uptake, improvement in seed germination rates and better crop establishment, increased cation exchange, decreased leaching, detoxification of heavy metals, mechanisms involved in stomatal conductance and plant transpiration or the stimulation of plant immune systems against stressors. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the application of plant biostimulants on different crops within the framework of sustainable crop management, aiming to gather critical information regarding their positive effects on plant growth and yield, as well as on the quality of the final product. Moreover, the main limitations of such practice as well as the future prospects of biostimulants research will be presented.

Microbes in biogeochemical cycles: a perspective on climate resilient agriculture.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (006) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Abstract Microorganisms, which are ubiquitous players in all major agro-ecosystems, play important roles in biogeochemical cycles. Due to anthropogenic activities and current practices of agriculture, there has been interference in the natural cycling of essential elements and nutrients. A harmony in the functioning of natural biogeochemical cycles in the soil is essential for maintaining all life on Earth. Therefore, usage of beneficial soil microorganisms is important for sustaining agriculture due to poor soil health conditions that prevail because of excessive chemical inputs both in the past and present to increase crop yields. In this review, we focus on how the terrestrial soil microbes are involved in the interplay between biogeochemical cycles, sustainable agricultural practices, and climate change. We have highlighted the mechanisms by which microbes, through aiding the mineralization processes, support plant growth in cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Microorganisms further support plant growth to adapt to climate change although few specific mechanisms are known, but many others by which they aid plants remain enigmatic. Despite the various gaps that remain, we advocate that coupling biogeochemical cycles research with sustainable agricultural practices using plant-microbe interchange is highly warranted. Therefore, to feed a growing global population and to preserve ecosystem functions, we propose that the agricultural practices should be conducted in a manner to regulate greenhouse gases release and safeguard our environmental resources due to climate change.

scholarly journals Role of soil microbes in sustainable crop production and soil health: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (Volume 13, Issue 2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
K.K. Shah ◽  
S. Tripathi ◽  
I. Tiwari ◽  
J. Shrestha ◽  
B. Modi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Abstract. Global food production needs to be increased in order to feed the world’s growing population and at the same time, the reliance on inorganic fertilizers and pesticides should be minimized. To accomplish this goal, the various beneficial associations between plants and soil microorganisms should be explored. The soil microbes are bacteria, actinomycetes, viruses, fungi, nematode, and protozoa. They have an important soil function that has fulfilled several useful tasks in the soil system. Microbes support biological nitrogen fixation of different biological transformations that support the accumulation and utilization of key nutrients, support root and shoot growth processes, disease control, and improve soil quality in crop cultivation. Soil microbes offer nutrient-dense nourishment improved crop production and recycle soil solutions. They play an essential role in decomposing organic matter, cycling nutrients, and fertilizing the soil. Besides, they improve plant growth on various physiological parameters of plants by a number of mechanisms. The mechanism involved in growth promotion includes plant growth regulators, production of different metabolites, and conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia in direct and indirect ways. In addition, soil microbes offer resistance against diseases. This review outlines the significant impact of soil microbes on sustainable agricultural growth, the benefits of microbes in maintaining soil health, and their interactions.

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