scholarly journals Evaluation of genetic diversity and traits relations in wheat cultivars under drought stress using advanced statistical methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Naghavi ◽  
Marouf Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Yield Factor

<p>In order to study of genetic diversity and classify physio-agronomic characters under normal irrigation and drought stress in wheat cultivars, 15 cultivars were evaluated in the research farm of University of Mahabad, Iran. According to stepwise regression some of traits entered to final model that as far to correlation coefficients and path analysis regarding, the biggest part of correlation coefficient and direct effect was achieved for number of grains per spike, number spikes per plant with grain yield under two conditions. These traits had the highest indirect effect on the grain yield mutually. So, screening for high value for these traits can bring increase in wheat grain yield under two conditions. Factor analysis detected three and four factors which explained 91.23 and 92.43 percent of the total variation in non-drought stress and drought stress conditions, respectively. In drought stress condition the first factor, second factor, third factor and fourth factors were named as yield component, physiological, biomass and growth, and yield factor respectively. Cluster analysis based on the three and four factors grouped cultivars into the two groups under normal and three groups under drought stress conditions. Generally, tolerant cultivars can be used for direct culture or as parents for create of variation in breeding programs.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Diversity and Traits Correlation in Spring Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza NAGHAVI ◽  
Mahmoud TOORCHI ◽  
Mohammad MOGHADDAM ◽  
Mohammad Reza SHAKIBA
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Yield Factor

In order to study of diversity and classify agro-morphological characters under normal irrigation and drought stress in spring wheat cultivars, 20 cultivars were evaluated in the research farm of University of Tabriz, Iran. According to the results, significant correlation was found between grain yield and number of spikes per plant, number of tiller per plant, number of fertile tillers, spike length, root length, root number, root volume, root diameter and root dry weight under both conditions. Moreover, 1,000 grain weight and plant dry weight had significant positive correlation with grain yield under drought stress. Factor analysis detected four and two factors which explained 96.77% and 90.59% of the total variation in normal irrigation and drought stress conditions, respectively. In drought stress condition the first factor justified 69.52% of total variation and was identified as yield factor. The second factor explained 21.07% of total variation and represented the biomass and plant height factor. Cluster analysis was based on the four and two factors obtained. According to the amount of factors for clusters obtained under drought stress, ‘Kavir’, ‘Niknejhad’, ‘Moghan 3’, ‘Darya’ and ‘Marvdasht’ were identified as the most drought tolerant cultivars. Other cluster was comprised of ‘Bahar’, ‘Pishtaz’, ‘Bam’, ‘Sepahan’, ‘Sistan’, ‘Pars’ and ‘Sivand’ and was named as the most sensitive under drought stress. Tolerant cultivars identified within the study can be used for direct culture or as genitors in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic efficiency parameters as indicators of agronomic traits of winter wheat cultivars in different soil water conditions

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josip Kovacevic ◽  
Maja Mazur ◽  
Georg Drezner ◽  
Alojzije Lalic ◽  
Aleksandra Sudaric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Dissipation Energy ◽  
Use Efficiency

In an effort to find breeding methods for improving drought stress tolerance and grain yield, twelve photosynthetic efficiency parameters have been measured on ten cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), along with water use (WU), water use efficiency (WUE) and agronomic traits of grain yield (GYP), biomass weight (BWP), harvest index (HI), yield stability index (YSI) and stress tolerance index (STI) in the vegetative pot trial with control (B1) and drought stress (B2) treatments. Drought stress induced in three different stages of development has caused decrease in water use efficiency based on biomass (WUEb) (B1: 2.94 g L-1; B2: 2.71 g L-1) and grain yield (WUEg) (B1: 1.03 g L-1; B2: 0.89 g L-1), as well as GYP and BWP. Dissipation energy flux per excited cross section (DI0/CS0) observed in the drought stress treatment in the tillering stage of growth gave significant negative correlation coefficient (P?0.05) with agronomic traits of tested wheat cultivars (GYP:-0.75; WUEg and STI: -0.74; YSI: -0.67). Performance index (PIABS) measured in the drought stress conditions in the flag leaf stage was in significant positive correlation with GYP and WUEg (r=0.64). Lower values of absorption flux per excited cross section (ABS/CS0), electron transport per excited CS (ET0/CS0) and dissipation energy flux per excited CS (DI0/CS0) and higher values of PIABS, measured on wheat genotypes (cultivars) in the drought stress conditions of pot trial, could indicate higher tolerance to drought stress conditions. Results of the studied photosynthetic efficiency parameters of wheat cultivars were also the good predictor for important agronomic traits, especially, when they were detected in the early stage of growth.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses and Antioxidant of Wheat Cultivars in PGR -Mediated Alleviation of Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehghanzadeh H ◽  
◽  
Adavi Z ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Positive Effects

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and factors limiting the successful production of plant products worldwide and has adverse effects on plant growth and other metabolic processes. The role of exogenous individual or combined application of Silicon (Si) and Cycocel (CCC) (control, 3.6gL-1 Si, 210mgL-1 CCC, and 3.6gL-1 Si + 210mgL-1 CCC) on grain yield and some key physiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Gascogen (drought-sensitive) and Aflak (drought-tolerant) was investigated under field water-stress conditions (100% and 40% field capacity). Drought stress caused a considerable reduction in biological yield, yield and yield components, relative water content and leaf water potential of both cultivars. Application of Si and CCC effectively improved these parameters in water-deficit treatments. Moreover, water-limited conditions markedly promoted the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf tissues. Application of Si and CCC further enhanced the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes, and decreased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in drought stressed plants; the positive effects of Si were greatest when it was applied with CCC. Synergistic effects of Si + CCC application on yield and physiological parameters were apparent compared with Si or CCC applied separately water-stress alleviation and yield improvement in the wheat cultivars by Si and CCC application was attributable to partly improved osmotic adjustment and antioxidant activity as well as to more favorable water status under stress conditions. Overall, Si and CCC application proved to have great potential in promoting grain yield of wheat in drought-prone areas.

scholarly journals Copper Nanoparticle Application Enhances Plant Growth and Grain Yield in Maize Under Drought Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Van Nguyen ◽  
Huong Mai Nguyen ◽  
Nga Thanh Le ◽  
Kien Huu Nguyen ◽  
Hoa Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Copper Nanoparticle

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

scholarly journals Methionine-induced regulation of growth, secondary metabolites and oxidative defense system in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants subjected to water deficit stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259585
Author(s):  
Gull Mehak ◽  
Nudrat Aisha Akram ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Prashant Kaushik ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages

Optimum water availability at different growth stages is one the major prerequisites of best growth and yield production of plants. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators considered effective for normal functioning of plants under water-deficit conditions. A study was conducted to examine the influence of exogenously applied L-methionine on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants grown under water-deficit conditions. Twenty-five-day old seedlings of four sunflower cultivars, FH331, FH572, FH652 and FH623 were exposed to control (100% F.C.) and drought stress (60% F.C.) conditions. After 30-day of drought stress, L-methionine (Met; 20 mg/L) was applied as a foliar spray to control and drought stressed plants. Water deficit stress significantly reduced shoot fresh and dry weights shoot and root lengths, and chlorophyll a content in all four cultivars. While a significant increase was observed due to water deficiency in relative membrane permeability (RMP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble proteins (TSP), total soluble sugars (TSS), ascorbic acid (AsA) and activity of peroxidase (POD). Although, exogenously applied Met was effective in decreasing RMP, MDA and H2O2 contents, it increased the shoot fresh weight, shoot length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b ratio, proline contents and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT enzymes in all four cultivars under water deficit stress. No change in AsA and total phenolics was observed due to foliar-applied Met under water stress conditions. Of all sunflower cultivars, cv. FH-572 was the highest and cv. FH-652 the lowest of all four cultivars in shoot fresh and dry weights as well as shoot length under drought stress conditions. Overall, foliar applied L-methionine was effective in improving the drought stress tolerance of sunflower plants that was found to be positively associated with Met induced improved growth attributes and reduced RMP, MDA and H2O2 contents under water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Enzymatic Biofertiliser on Growth and Yield of Lentil Genotypes under Deficit Irrigation/ Enzimatisko Biomçslojumu Ietekme Uz Daþâdu Lçcu Genotipu Augðanu Un Raþu Irigâcijas Trûkuma Apstâkïos

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽  
Hamid Mostafavi ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

Abstract Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) is one of the important pulse crops in semiarid agro-ecological zones with a Mediterranean-type climate. Terminal drought stress and poor plant nutrition are important factors limiting crop under these regions. The effects of enzymatic biofertiliser (MOG) application at sowing time or during reproductive stage on some morphological traits and yield components of eight lentil lines were evaluated under deficit-irrigation conditions at Maragheh (37°23' N; 46°16' E) in northwestern Iran. Results revealed that application of biofertiliser did not significantly affect most of the morphological traits. However, foliar application of MOG during early flowering stage somewhat increased 100-grain weight and grain yield and decreased the number of empty pod per plant. Moreover, the results indicated that there was significant diversity between lentil lines for the investigated traits. The best performance for grain yield was recorded for FLIP 86-35L. The overall lack of considerable response of lentil to the MOG treatments may suggest that the optimal efficiency of biofertiliser cannot be achieved under water scarcity conditions. Improvement in the adaptation of enzymatic fertilisers to semi arid regions with terminal drought stress requires to be increased.

scholarly journals Yield component variation in winter wheat grown under drought stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
High Yield Potential

Crops produced in the semiarid environment of western Canada are subjected to variable and unpredictable periods of drought stress. The objective of this study was to determine the inter-relationships among yield components and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) so that guidelines could be established for the production of cultivars with high yield potential and stability. Five hard red winter wheat genotypes were grown in 15 field trials conducted throughout Saskatchewan from 1989–1991. Although this study included genotypes with widely different yield potential and yield component arrangements, only small differences in grain yield occurred within trials under dryland conditions. High kernel number, through greater tillering, was shown to be an adaptation to low-stress conditions. The ability of winter wheat to produce large numbers of tillers was evident in the spring in all trials; however, this early season potential was not maintained due to extensive tiller die-back. Tiller die-back often meant that high yield potential genotypes became sink limiting with reduced ability to respond to subsequent improvements in growing season weather conditions. As tiller number increased under more favourable crop water conditions genetic limits in kernels spike−1 became more identified with yield potential. It is likely then, that tillering capacity per se is less important in winter wheat than the development of vigorous tillers with numerous large kernels spike−1. For example, the highest yielding genotype under dryland conditions was a breeding line, S86-808, which was able to maintain a greater sink capacity as a result of a higher number of larger kernels spike−1. It appears that without yield component compensation, a cultivar can be unresponsive to improved crop water conditions (stable) or it can have a high mean yield, but it cannot possess both characteristics. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat, drought stress, kernel weight, kernel number, spike density, grain yield

scholarly journals ACC Deaminase Producing PGPR Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Agrobacterium fabrum along with Biochar Improve Wheat Productivity under Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye ◽  
Subhan Danish ◽  
Mazhar Abbas ◽  
Maqshoof Ahmad ◽  
Tariq Muhammad Munir
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Soil Application

Drought stress retards wheat plant’s vegetative growth and physiological processes and results in low productivity. A stressed plant synthesizes ethylene which inhibits root elongation; however, the enzyme 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate (ACC) deaminase catabolizes ethylene produced under water stress. Therefore, the ACC deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be used to enhance crop productivity under drought stress. Biochar (BC) is an organically active and potentially nutrient-rich amendment that, when applied to the soil, can increase pore volume, cation exchange capacity and nutrient retention and bioavailability. We conducted a field experiment to study the effect of drought tolerant, ACC deaminase producing PGPR (with and without timber waste BC) on plant growth and yield parameters under drought stress. Two PGPR strains, Agrobacterium fabrum or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were applied individually and in combination with 30 Mg ha−1 BC under three levels of irrigation, i.e., recommended four irrigations (4I), three irrigations (3I) and two irrigations (2I). Combined application of B. amyloliquefaciens and 30 Mg ha−1 BC under 3I, significantly increased growth and yield traits of wheat: grain yield (36%), straw yield (50%), biological yield (40%). The same soil application under 2I resulted in greater increases in several of the growth and yield traits: grain yield (77%), straw yield (75%), above- and below-ground biomasses (77%), as compared to control; however, no significant increases in chlorophyll a, b or total, and photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in response to individual inoculation of a PGPR strain (without BC) were observed. Therefore, we suggest that the combined soil application of B. amyloliquefaciens and BC more effectively mitigates drought stress and improves wheat productivity as compared to any of the individual soil applications tested in this study.

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