Physiological Responses and Antioxidant of Wheat Cultivars in PGR -Mediated Alleviation of Drought Stress

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and factors limiting the successful production of plant products worldwide and has adverse effects on plant growth and other metabolic processes. The role of exogenous individual or combined application of Silicon (Si) and Cycocel (CCC) (control, 3.6gL-1 Si, 210mgL-1 CCC, and 3.6gL-1 Si + 210mgL-1 CCC) on grain yield and some key physiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Gascogen (drought-sensitive) and Aflak (drought-tolerant) was investigated under field water-stress conditions (100% and 40% field capacity). Drought stress caused a considerable reduction in biological yield, yield and yield components, relative water content and leaf water potential of both cultivars. Application of Si and CCC effectively improved these parameters in water-deficit treatments. Moreover, water-limited conditions markedly promoted the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf tissues. Application of Si and CCC further enhanced the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes, and decreased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in drought stressed plants; the positive effects of Si were greatest when it was applied with CCC. Synergistic effects of Si + CCC application on yield and physiological parameters were apparent compared with Si or CCC applied separately water-stress alleviation and yield improvement in the wheat cultivars by Si and CCC application was attributable to partly improved osmotic adjustment and antioxidant activity as well as to more favorable water status under stress conditions. Overall, Si and CCC application proved to have great potential in promoting grain yield of wheat in drought-prone areas.

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Alleviation of field water stress in wheat cultivars by using silicon and salicylic acid applied separately or in combination

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp18213 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 36 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kobra Maghsoudi ◽

Yahya Emam ◽

Muhammad Ashraf ◽

Mohammad Javad Arvin

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Water Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Water Status ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Positive Effects

The role of exogenous individual or combined application of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) (control, 6mm Si, 1mm SA, and 6mm Si+1mm SA) on grain yield and some key physiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cvv. Shiraz (drought-sensitive) and Sirvan (drought-tolerant) was investigated under field water-stress conditions (100% and 40% field capacity). Drought stress caused a considerable reduction in biological yield, yield and yield components, relative water content and leaf water potential of both cultivars. Application of Si and SA effectively improved these parameters in water-deficit treatments. Moreover, water-limited conditions markedly promoted the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf tissues. Application of Si and SA further enhanced the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes, and decreased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in drought-stressed plants; the positive effects of Si were greatest when it was applied with SA. Synergistic effects of Si+SA application on yield and physiological parameters were apparent compared with Si or SA applied separately. Water-stress alleviation and yield improvement in the wheat cultivars by Si and SA application was attributable to partly improved osmotic adjustment and antioxidant activity as well as to more favourable water status under stress conditions. Overall, Si and SA application proved to have great potential in promoting grain yield of wheat in drought-prone areas.

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Phenological, Physiological and yield markers as efficient tools to identify drought tolerant rice genotypes in Eastern India

10.1101/2020.05.29.122929 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Soumya Kumar Sahoo ◽

Goutam Kumar Dash ◽

Arti Guhey ◽

Mirza Jaynul Baig ◽

Madhusmita Barik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Eastern India ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Highly Correlated

ABSTRACTRice production is severely threatened by drought stress in Eastern India. To develop drought tolerant varieties, selection of donors for breeding programme is crucial. Twenty one selected rice genotypes including both tolerant and sensitive to drought were grown under well-watered and drought stress conditions in dry seasons of two successive years of 2017 and 2018. Leaf water potential, relative water content displayed significant difference among the genotypes during vegetative screening. At reproductive stage drought screening, days to 50% flowering was delayed in all genotypes except N22 and Anjali (showed early flowering) however grain yield and other yield related traits decreased significantly compared to well watered condition. Correlation analysis of phenological and yield related traits with grain yield revealed that tiller numbers and panicle numbers are highly correlated with grain yield both under well-watered and water stress conditions and contributes maximum towards grain yield. The dendrogram grouped Mahamaya, Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, IBD 1, Hazaridhan, Samleshwari and Danteshwari into one cluster which performed better under water stress conditions and had grain yield more than 1.69 tha−1. Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, Vandana, and N22 displayed tolerance to drought both under vegetative and reproductive conditions which could be a good selection for the breeders to develop drought tolerant rice cultivars for eastern region of India.

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Evaluation of genetic diversity and traits relations in wheat cultivars under drought stress using advanced statistical methods

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2017.109.2.23 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 109 (2) ◽

pp. 403 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Naghavi ◽

Marouf Khalili

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Yield Component ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Spike Number ◽

Yield Factor

<p>In order to study of genetic diversity and classify physio-agronomic characters under normal irrigation and drought stress in wheat cultivars, 15 cultivars were evaluated in the research farm of University of Mahabad, Iran. According to stepwise regression some of traits entered to final model that as far to correlation coefficients and path analysis regarding, the biggest part of correlation coefficient and direct effect was achieved for number of grains per spike, number spikes per plant with grain yield under two conditions. These traits had the highest indirect effect on the grain yield mutually. So, screening for high value for these traits can bring increase in wheat grain yield under two conditions. Factor analysis detected three and four factors which explained 91.23 and 92.43 percent of the total variation in non-drought stress and drought stress conditions, respectively. In drought stress condition the first factor, second factor, third factor and fourth factors were named as yield component, physiological, biomass and growth, and yield factor respectively. Cluster analysis based on the three and four factors grouped cultivars into the two groups under normal and three groups under drought stress conditions. Generally, tolerant cultivars can be used for direct culture or as parents for create of variation in breeding programs.</p>

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Evaluation of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance through Selection Indices

Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/jhpr.7.40 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 40-52

Author(s):

Jawed Aslam Khyber ◽

Faiza Soomro ◽

Wahid Dino Sipio ◽

Abdul Wahid Baloch ◽

Jay Kumar Soothar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Yield Traits ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Drought Tolerant

The current study was planned to identify drought tolerant bread wheat genotypes based on physiological and yield traits. In this context, a set of 12 genotypes (Sarsabz, NIA-Sundar, NIA-Amber, Sassui, Khirman, Marvi-2000, NIA-Sarang, Kiran-95, NIA-Sunheri, Bhittai, Bathoor-08 and Tatara) were evaluated under normal and water stress conditions. Mean squares from analysis of variance exhibited that genotypes, treatments and genotype x treatment interaction showed significant differences (P<0.05) for majority of the studied traits, indicating that there is significant variations are existed for physio-yield traits; therefore these genotypes may be preferred for further breeding programs in respect to drought stress. Regarding reduction percentage of genotypes under drought stress against normal water conditions, the minimum reduction was observed in Bathoor-08 for spike length and flag leaf area, Kiran-95 for grain yield plant, NIA-Sundar for seed index, Marvi-2000 for relative water content, Sarsabz for grains spike, whereas maximum but desirable reduction of stomatal dimension and density was displayed by Sarsabz and Tatara under water stress conditions, respectively. On the basis of drought tolerant indices, the genotypes Kiran-95, NIA-Sundar and Sarsabz showed lower values for tolerance index (TOL), trait stability index (TSI) and stress susceptibility (SSI), nevertheless it is believed that lower values of these indices show the less reduction in yield and its related traits due to water stress conditions hence can be tagged as tolerant genotypes for drought. Correlation results revealed that MP, SSI, TOL and TSI indices were correlated with grain yield under two conditions and they can be the appropriate indices for screening wheat genotypes.

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Antioxidant Enzymes and Physiological Responses of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to Iron Application, under Water Deficit Condition

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb729456 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 203-209

Author(s):

Kayvan Fathi AMIRKHIZ ◽

Majid Amini DEHAGHI ◽

Siavash HESHMATI

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Soluble Proteins ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Soil Application

The effect of soil and foliar iron (Fe) application on the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and plant metabolites of Carthamus tinctorius L. (IL111), under water stress conditions was tested. The results showed that under drought stress conditions, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase enzymes increased with soil application of Fe. In contrast, the activity of peroxidase enzyme under drought conditions increased with foliar application of Fe treatments. In general, leaf total soluble proteins, proline and malondialdehyde amounts were affected by interaction effects of drought stress and Fe. The results showed that leaf total soluble proteins had a positive reaction to soil and foliar applications of Fe. The result of this interaction effects showed that soil application of Fe is able to decrease malondialdehyde amount under water stress conditions. In addition, it was indicated that soil application of Fe in drought stress conditions lead to increasing proline. In conclusion, soil and foliar application of Fe during drought stress may counteract negative effects of such stress and enhance safflower tolerance to drought by increasing some antioxidant enzymes and plant metabolites (organic compounds such as proline and soluble proteins).

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Yield Components and Grain Yield Responses of Four Wheat Cultivars to Growth Retardant Cycocel under Terminal Drought Stress Conditions

Journal of Crop production and processing ◽

10.47176/jcpp.10.3.20124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Growth Retardant ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Terminal Drought ◽

Terminal Drought Stress ◽

Yield Responses

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Biofertilizer Application Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance and Alters the Antioxidant Enzymes in Medicinal Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo convar. pepo var. Styriaca)

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7120588 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 588

Author(s):

Solmaz Najafi ◽

Hossein Nazari Nasi ◽

Ruveyde Tuncturk ◽

Murat Tuncturk ◽

Riyaz Z. Sayyed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Four Levels ◽

Irrigation Levels

The effects of mycorrhiza, Thiobacillus and Nitroxin (Azotobacter and Azospirillum sp.) biofertilizers under drought stress conditions with four levels of field capacity (FC) (control(100%), 85%, 70%, and 50%) on the antioxidant enzyme activities of medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo convar. pepo var. Styriaca) were evaluated during the years 2018–2019. Irrigation levels exhibited significant effects on all studied variables, except for the catalase (CAT) enzyme. A significant correlation was observed between the effects of irrigation levels and biofertilizers on antioxidant enzymes, soluble protein content, and grain yield. The highest activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes was achieved using mycorrhiza in 50% FC. Increasing drought intensity and mycorrhiza stimulated glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities by 32% and 66%, while Nitroxin increased them by 16% and 43%, respectively. Under severe drought stress conditions, only mycorrhiza exhibited a positive effect on GR and GPX enzymes. Under moderate and severe drought stress conditions, Nitroxin increased grain yield by 13% and 12.6%, respectively. The irrigation regimes and bio-fertilizers had a significant effect on β-sitosterol percentage. The highest amount was observed at the highest level of drought stress. Among the various bio-fertilizers treatments, the application of Thiobacillus yielded the highest percentage of β-sitosterol. The results of the present study demonstrate that the application of biofertilizers is beneficial in coping with drought stress.

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Photosynthetic efficiency parameters as indicators of agronomic traits of winter wheat cultivars in different soil water conditions

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1703891k ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 891-910 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Josip Kovacevic ◽

Maja Mazur ◽

Georg Drezner ◽

Alojzije Lalic ◽

Aleksandra Sudaric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Water Use ◽

Cross Section ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Dissipation Energy ◽

Use Efficiency

In an effort to find breeding methods for improving drought stress tolerance and grain yield, twelve photosynthetic efficiency parameters have been measured on ten cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), along with water use (WU), water use efficiency (WUE) and agronomic traits of grain yield (GYP), biomass weight (BWP), harvest index (HI), yield stability index (YSI) and stress tolerance index (STI) in the vegetative pot trial with control (B1) and drought stress (B2) treatments. Drought stress induced in three different stages of development has caused decrease in water use efficiency based on biomass (WUEb) (B1: 2.94 g L-1; B2: 2.71 g L-1) and grain yield (WUEg) (B1: 1.03 g L-1; B2: 0.89 g L-1), as well as GYP and BWP. Dissipation energy flux per excited cross section (DI0/CS0) observed in the drought stress treatment in the tillering stage of growth gave significant negative correlation coefficient (P?0.05) with agronomic traits of tested wheat cultivars (GYP:-0.75; WUEg and STI: -0.74; YSI: -0.67). Performance index (PIABS) measured in the drought stress conditions in the flag leaf stage was in significant positive correlation with GYP and WUEg (r=0.64). Lower values of absorption flux per excited cross section (ABS/CS0), electron transport per excited CS (ET0/CS0) and dissipation energy flux per excited CS (DI0/CS0) and higher values of PIABS, measured on wheat genotypes (cultivars) in the drought stress conditions of pot trial, could indicate higher tolerance to drought stress conditions. Results of the studied photosynthetic efficiency parameters of wheat cultivars were also the good predictor for important agronomic traits, especially, when they were detected in the early stage of growth.

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Role of Glycine max in improving drought tolerance in Zanthoxylum bungeanum

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9040

Author(s):

Zilong Li ◽

Akash Tariq ◽

Kaiwen Pan ◽

Corina Graciano ◽

Feng Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Extreme Drought ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Crop Species ◽

Positive Effects

Intercropping may improve community stability and yield under climate change. Here, we set up a field experiment to evaluate the advantages of cultivating Z anthoxylum bungeanum with Capsicum annum, and Z. bungeanum with Glycine max as intercrops, compared with cultivating Z. bungeanum in monoculture. Effects of extreme drought stress conditions on morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits of the three crop species cultivated in the three contrasting planting systems were compared. Results showed that extreme drought conditions induced negative impacts on Z. bungeanum grown in monoculture, due to reduced growth and metabolic impairment. However, limited stomatal conductance, reduced transpiration rate (Tr), and increased water use efficiency, carotenoid content, catalase activity, and accumulation of soluble sugars in Z. bungeanum indicated its adaptive strategies for tolerance of extreme drought stress conditions. Compared with cultivation in monoculture, intercropping with C. annum had positive effects on Z. bungeanum under extreme drought stress conditions, as a result of improved crown diameter, leaf relative water content (LRWC), net photosynthetic rate, and proline content, while intercropping with G. max under extreme drought stress conditions increased net CO2 assimilation rates, LRWC, Tr, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In conclusion, Z. bungeanum has an effective defense mechanism for extreme drought stress tolerance. Intercropping with G. max enhanced this tolerance potential primarily through its physio-biochemical adjustments, rather than as a result of nitrogen fixation by G. max.

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