scholarly journals Savings and investment equality does not prevail according to Keynesian definitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Tamás Bánfi
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Monetary Authority ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
General Government ◽  
Government Deficit ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government

Aside from the general government and the non-resident sector, textbooks on macroeconomics uniformly define the following correlation under the terms investment and saving: I = S. The I = S equality is naturally and legitimately interpreted by macroeconomic textbooks almost without exception as the equality between intended investments and intended savings, because the equality ‒ if we accept it ‒ is not only a definitive identity, but generally the outcome of market mechanisms that take time. Keynes’s first critic was Robertson who claimed that “his analysis corresponded to what common-sense proclaims (even to the simple-minded) to be the essence of the matter; namely, the power possessed by the public and by the monetary authority to alter the rates of income flow – the former by putting money into and out of store, the latter by putting it into and out of existence. Thus, in his definition, I = S + (A + B), in which A is new money and B is reactivated idle balances. ” Robertson's comment could have been addressed with a simple correction, and the tool used for funding the expansion of state (public) investments, i.e. the government deficit financed by the creation of new money, is a consistent element of the theoretical framework.

scholarly journals Fiscality, Economic Growth and the Level of Unemployment in Poland in the Context of the Fiscal‑Monetary Game

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (337) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Joanna Stawska
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
General Government ◽  
Government Deficit ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Developments

The central bank and the government are pursuing different goals so finding the best mix of monetary and fiscal policies is not easy. At the same time, the decisions the two authorities make during the fiscal‑monetary game exert a strong influence on economic variables. This article focuses on the level of revenues and expenditures of the public finance sector, economic growth and the unemployment rate in Poland in the years 2000–2016. Its aim is to present the level of fiscality and the rates of economic growth and unemployment in the context of monetary and fiscal decisions made by the economic authorities. To this end, the following research methods are employed: statistical analysis methods and graphical presentations of economic developments. As found, in the years 2000–2016 in Poland the general government deficit and the rate of GDP growth influenced the unemployment rate that in turn determined the expenditures of the public finance sector. This research is original in that the changes in fiscality, the rate of unemployment and the dynamics of GDP are studied with respect to interactions between the monetary and fiscal authorities, including factors influencing their decisions, particularly those arising from the last financial crisis.

scholarly journals PERANAN NEGARA DAN HUKUM DALAM MEMBERANTAS KEMISKINAN DENGAN MEWUJUDKAN KESEJAHTERAAN UMUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Yohanes Suhardin
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Product

AbstrakThe role of the state in combating poverty is very strategic. Combatingpoverty means to free citizens who are poor. The strategic role given thenational ideals (read: state) is the creation of public welfare. Therefore,countries in this regard the government as the organizer of the state musthold fast to the national ideals through legal product that is loaded withsocial justice values in order to realize common prosperity. Therefore, thenature of the law is justice, then in the context of the state, the lawestablished for the creation of social justice. Law believed that social justiceas the path to the public welfare so that the Indonesian people in a relativelyshort time to eradicate poverty.

scholarly journals Never let a Crisis go to Waste: Politics, Personality and Judicial Self-Government in Ireland

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1871-1900
Author(s):  
Patrick O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
The Political ◽  
Court System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Judicial Appointments ◽  
Independent Mechanism ◽  
Political Patronage ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government

AbstractAlthough Ireland is often cited as part of the vanguard of countries adopting forms of judicial self-governance in the 1990s, this appearance can be misleading: the Irish judiciary are self-governing only in limited respects. The judge-led Court Service is in charge of court estate, non-judicial personnel and provision of information on the court system to the public. Many key matters – discipline, promotions and deployment – remain largely out of the control of the corporate judiciary. Judicial appointments are significantly at the discretion of the government. In the last decade, there have been significant moves towards a more corporate judiciary and these are reflected in the creation of a judges’ representative body, the Association of Judges of Ireland, and a shadow Judges Council. There are currently proposals to create a new independent mechanism for appointing judges and to create a Judicial Council with a significant role in disciplining the judiciary.The Irish experience highlights the importance of political and cultural factors in establishing and maintaining judicial independence and self-governance. Despite the significant role for the government in judicial appointments, and the presence of a culture of political patronage in these appointments, there is nonetheless a robust culture ofindividualjudicial independence once judges have been appointed. The creation of the Courts Service in 1999 was a significant transfer of administrative power to the judiciary but it was approved without demur by the political branches, who welcomed the depoliticization of controversial decisions about court estate. Conversely, reforms to judicial appointments have been weak because politicians saw value in maintaining a relatively harmless form of political patronage, and proposals for a Judicial Council that have agreed in outline for two decades have yet to be enacted, apparently because they lack sufficient political salience. The defence of judicial independence, and the creation of robust institutional mechanisms for defending it, ultimately requires the goodwill of politicians.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PENCATATAN LOGO SEBAGAI CIPTAAN SETELAH BERLAKUNYA UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG HAK CIPTA

NOTARIUS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Widowati Maria Teresa ◽  
Budi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Entities

With the enactment of Law Number 28, 2014 About Copyright the creation of art in the form of a logo or distinctive sign is used as a brand in the trade of goods/services or used as a symbol of the organization, entity, or legal entities can not be recorded. Logo that cannot be registered as creation may be registered as trademarks and obtain trademarks protection. Associated with the unregistered logo in the List of Works does not reduce the copyrights protection of the logo, because the protection of the logo as Creation appears declaratively. Consequences of the unlisted logo in the List of Works are logo will not get an official passage on Creation. The government needs to tighten substantive and material checks on all works listed in the field of Intellectual Property Rights and the government may take the initiative to carry out dissemination and counselling accessible to the public especially for business practitioner. Keywords : Logo, Legal Protection, Copyrights AbstrakDengan diberlakukannya Undang-undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta, seni lukis yang berupa logo atau tanda pembeda yang digunakan sebagai merek dalam perdagangan barang/jasa atau digunakan sebagai lambang organisasi, badan usaha, atau badan hukum tidak dapat dicatatkan. Logo yang tidak dapat dicatatkan sebagai Ciptaan dapat didaftarkan sebagai Merek dan mendapatkan perlindungan Merek. Terkait dengan tidak dicatatkannya logo dalam Daftar Ciptaan tidak mengurangi perlindungan Hak Cipta atas logo, karena perlindungan logo sebagai Ciptaan muncul secara deklaratif. Konsekuensi dari tidak dapat dicatatkannya logo dalam Daftar Ciptaan adalah Ciptaan logo tidak akan mendapatkan petikan resmi atas Ciptaan. Pemerintah perlu untuk memperketat pemeriksaan substantif maupun materiil terhadap seluruh karya yang didaftarkan di seluruh bidang Hak Kekayaan Intelektual dan dapat mengambil inisiatif untuk melakukan diseminasi dan penyuluhan yang dapat diakses secara mudah bagi masyarakat pada umumnya dan pelaku bisnis pada khususnya. Kata kunci : Logo, Perlindungan Hukum, Hak Cipta 

Policy Feedback in the Public–Private Welfare State: Advocacy Groups and Access to Government Homeownership Programs, 1934–1954

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe N. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Policy Feedback ◽  
Advocacy Groups ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Federal Housing ◽  
The Government

Scholarship on the U.S. public–private welfare state has pointed to the ways in which indirect, market-based channels of social policy provision often obscure the role of the government from many citizens who use these programs. This article argues that the same mechanisms that often depoliticize public–private policies for citizens who already benefit from them may actually politicize them for citizens who are unable to access those benefits. Focusing on the responses of black civil rights and veterans advocacy groups to the shortcomings of the Federal Housing Administration and the early GI Bill, it shows that public–private policies can draw advocacy groups, providers, and the state into conflicts over the terms of access. Despite facing very different challenges and bringing very different political capacities to bear, these two types of groups followed precisely the same processes of political mobilization and contestation in each case: First, they aggregated individual grievances into broader collective problems. Then, they traced those problems not to impersonal market mechanisms but to government policies and state authority. Finally, they pushed for reform across multiple venues to expand access for their members. By explicating these recurrent political dynamics, this article contributes to our understanding of policy feedback in the public–private welfare state and highlights the role of advocacy groups in helping to reshape the state's capacity to govern in a policy arena that is often characterized as dominated by third-party providers.

scholarly journals PUSAT KEGIATAN KAUM MILLENIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Denny Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government

One of the characteristics of millennials is being creative. However, this creativity has not been utilized fully due to the absent of spare rooms to be used, whilst the main drive of creative industry is millennials themselves. The government begins to realize the importance of the emergent creative industry that can play a big role in the overall economy of the country. So, the government is currently trying to provide various spaces to accommodate them, likewise supporting them to open up to possibilities and innovation that drives them towards the creation of start-up companies. Millennial Hub that is situated at Grogol functions as a space for millennials to co-share, co-develop, open up ideas and creativity in order to assemble start-up companies or innovative produces that can increase the creative economy on a nationwide or global scale. Here, there are two main programs: millennial hall and creative hub. Both spaces support each other – creative hub functions as a space for the millennial generation to develop their creativity, meanwhile millennial hall functions as a space for them to exhibit their own creative innovations so as to be acknowledged by the public that can help in the investment on the nation or global scale.AbstrakSalah satu karakteristik millennial adalah kreatif, di mana kreativitas millennial ini belum tersalurkan secara maksimal dengan adanya wadah-wadah yang dapat menampungnya, sedangkan pendorong utama industri kreatif utama saat ini adalah generasi millennial tersebut. Pemerintah pun mulai menyadari akan pentingnya industry kreatif ini untuk mendorong perekonomian negara. Oleh karena itu maka pemerintah mulai membuat wadah-wadah untuk menampung dan juga mendorong generasi millennial ini untuk menyalurkan hingga akhirnya membentuk perusahaan-perusahaan baru dalam bidang industri kreatif. Pusat Kegiatan Kaum Millenial atau Millennial Hub yang terletak di Grogol ini difungsikan sebagai wadah bagi generasi millennial untuk saling berbagi, mengembangkan dan menyalurkan ide dan kreativitas mereka hingga akhirnya mereka dapat membentuk dan menghasilkan perusahaan start-up maupun sesuatu yang berguna untuk meningkatkan ekonomi kreatif baik skala nasional maupun internasional. Di dalam Pusat Kegiatan Kaum Millenial ini terdapat 2 program utama yaitu Balai Millennial dan Pusat Kreativitas dimana kedua program ini saling mendukung satu dengan lainnya dimana Pusat Kreativitas difungsikan sebagai wadah bagi generasi millennial untuk menyalurkan dan mengembangkan kreativitasnya, sedangkan Millennial Hall difungsikan sebagai wadah bagi mereka untuk menunjukkan hasil dari kreativitasnya tersebut hingga diketahui dan diakui oleh masyarakat dan dapat dibantu kembangkan hingga skala nasional maupun internasional.

A prescription for improvement: Health and Safety Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 01-16
Author(s):  
Abdeen Omer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Drug Companies ◽  
Drug Regulations ◽  
Government Deficit ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The strategy of price liberalization and privatization had been implemented in Sudan over the last decade, and has had a positive result on government deficit. The investment law approved recently has good statements and rules on the above strategy in particular to pharmacy regulations. Under the pressure of the new privatization policy, the government introduced radical changes in the pharmacy regulations. To improve the effectiveness of the public pharmacy, resources should be switched towards areas of need, reducing inequalities and promoting better health conditions. Medicines are financed either through cost sharing or full private. The role of the private services is significant. A review of reform of financing medicines in Sudan is given in this study. Also, it highlights the current drug supply system in the public sector, which is currently responsibility of the Central Medical Supplies Public Corporation (CMS). In Sudan, the researchers did not identify any rigorous evaluations or quantitative studies about the impact of drug regulations on the quality of medicines and how to protect public health against counterfeit or low quality medicines, although it is practically possible. However, the regulations must be continually evaluated to ensure the public health is protected against by marketing high quality medicines rather than commercial interests, and the drug companies are held accountable for their conduct.

scholarly journals HUKUMAN CAMBUK TERHADAP KONTROL SOSIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (II) ◽  
pp. 166-180
Author(s):  
Indis Ferizal
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Controls ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government

Caning applied in Aceh is one of the social controls and the form of punishment is expected to fulfill the philosophical, juridical and sociological tendencies of legal awareness. Caning is one form of punishment that is also expected to foster a lawful attitude and the creation of an orderly society. According to Islamic law that punishment is for the benefit of the Ummah and educate the person of the perpetrator of the crime. Basically It is not easy to do efforts to increase legal awareness and the development of a legal culture in the community without encouragement from individual communities themselves. This should be of particular concern by the government to be more serious in conducting socialization so that legal awareness can be understood and implemented by the public properly.

scholarly journals Techonological innovation in biobusinesses: An analysis of the public investments in the state of Amazonas

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Kleber Abreu Sousa ◽  
Weimar Freire Da Rocha ◽  
Mariana Ribeiro De Matos ◽  
Andréia De Carvalho Silva ◽  
Debora De Oliveira Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Subsidy Programs

With this work, we pretend to present, after a bibliographic review effort, a critical thinking about the initiatives of the government of the State of Amazonas in the promotion of the investments in innovation, and map the main economic sectors which are being benefited from the application of the public resources for promoting innovation. The results of this study allow concluding that the preoccupation and the interest of the regional companies - mainly the information technology, phytocosmetics, phytotherapy, and food companies - in running for public bids, like economic subsidy programs, may stimulate the appearing of new companies in the referred sectors and even promote the technological expansion and adding value to regional products.

scholarly journals DISCUSSION ABOUT SUPPLY OF THE BRITISH ARMY IN CRIMEA DURING THE WINTER OF 1854-1855 IN THE BRITISH NEWSPAPERS ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF THE PAMPHLET «WHOM SHALL WE HANG»

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (3) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
S.S. Kurochkin
Keyword(s):  
Great Distance ◽  
British Army ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
British Press

The purpose of the article is the analyses of the discussion about supply of the British army in Crimea during the winter of 1854–1855 in the British press according to the pamphlet «Whom shall we hang». Due to the analyses of the text of this pamphlet and other journalistic texts devoted to the problem of the effectiveness of the quartermaster system of the British during the Crimean War, it was managed to clarify the question of the authorship and the reason for the creation of this historical source. As part of the public discussion caused by the problems of the British army in the Crimea in the winter of 1854-1855, a number of explanations of the causes of these problems were proposed. One authors claimed that these problems had been caused by mistakes of the government, but another journalists thought that high causalities during the winter had been caused by the difficulties, that where unavoidable in case of supplying the army at a great distance from the metropolis. The research shows that the British lawyer Peter Benson Maxwell (who held a pro-government position and who was a former member of the Hospital (Cunning-Maxwell) Commission that began its work in Scutari in November 1854) criticized through this pamphlet the results of the investigation of the parliamentary «Sebastopol Committee» (chaired by John Roebuck), that began its work in March 1855. This commission laid the main blame for the sufferings of the British troops during the winter on the government of Lord Aberdeen, and Peter Benson Maxwell was disagree with this interpretation of events and tried to rebut it.

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