scholarly journals Maritime Security Governance: A New Strategy Management To Avoid Piracy In The Gog And Its Legal Guarantee

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 405-437
Author(s):  
Debi Broohm
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Management ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Maritime Piracy ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
Protect Area ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Late 21St Century ◽  
Illegal Activities

In the late 21st century, the growth of sea ships widened the horizons for trade on a global level. However, despite slow and cumulatively significant developments in transportation technology, during the era of sail, high sea maritime instability or the threats of piracy remained a significant obstacle to trade over long distances. In addition, with limited solidarity among all essential players in the region, several Gulf of Guinea (GoG) states can diversify their national attention to handle the pandemic instead of combating illegal activities at sea. Therefore, this article talks about the different factors of maritime piracy in the GoG, Comparing the trend across the region's different states (Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Ghana), the current maritime insecurity mitigation strategies proposed, and their gaps. Besides, a discussion around a knowledge gap in terms of accurate cooperation via the various policies implemented by those institutions brings us to propose coevolution governance in the shadow of the hierarchy and to create a maritime protect area (MPA) in the GoG country who do not have it yet, especially in Togo, Ghana, and Nigeria, and surround MPA with sustainably managed fishing areas where local small-scale fishers enjoy exclusive rights. The result shows that regionally it can help Centralize and diffuse the best practices, develop greater synergy among public policies and institutions, and nationally create greater sustainability of conservation with the integration of socio-economic concern and harmonization of strategic planning, practices, and policies.

Mitigation strategies of underground tunnels against blast loading

2021 ◽  
pp. 204141962110380
Author(s):  
Senthil Kasilingam ◽  
Muskaan Sethi ◽  
Loizos Pelecanos ◽  
Narinder K Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Blast Loading ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Inelastic Behavior ◽  
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Finite Element Software

An evaluation of mitigation strategies of underground tunnels against explosions is important to the society. Therefore, a small scale tunnel was modeled against blast loading using finite element software ABAQUS. The inelastic behavior of concrete and steel bar has been incorporated through concrete damage plasticity model and Johnson-cook models respectively, available in ABAQUS. The Drucker-Prager model as well as acoustic infinite medium have been used to model the damage behavior of soil and tunnel respectively. The simulated results thus obtained from the present study were compared with the experimental results available in the literature and found in good agreement. Further, the simulations were carried to predict the damage intensity in tunnel in terms of acceleration, impulse velocity, displacement, and Mises stresses. There are many parameters which were taken into consideration to assess the mitigation strategies for the underground tunnels. The critical parameters include the influence of tunnel shapes, lining materials, lining thickness, burial depth of the tunnels, inclusion of a barrier in between the blast source-the tunnel and layered configuration of tunnel lining, and were considered to evaluate the mitigation strategy. It was concluded that the square shape of tunnel was most vulnerable as compared to circular and U-shaped tunnels. It was also concluded that plain concrete monolithic lining as well as layered configuration consisting of Dytherm foam layer between Steel Fiber reinforced Concrete layers, was found to be more vulnerable among the chosen lining materials. Also, the thickness of lining and burial depth of the tunnel found to be a significant role against blast loading.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella enterica in livestock raised on diversified small-scale farms in California

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. A. Pires ◽  
L. Patterson ◽  
E. A. Kukielka ◽  
P. Aminabadi ◽  
N. Navarro-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Diversified farms are operations that raise a variety of crops and/or multiple species of livestock, with the goal of utilising the products of one for the growth of the other, thus fostering a sustainable cycle. This type of farming reflects consumers' increasing demand for sustainably produced, naturally raised or pasture-raised animal products that are commonly produced on diversified farms. The specific objectives of this study were to characterise diversified small-scale farms (DSSF) in California, estimate the prevalence of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. in livestock and poultry, and evaluate the association between farm- and sample-level risk factors and the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. on DSSF in California using a multilevel logistic model. Most participating farms were organic and raised more than one animal species. Overall Salmonella prevalence was 1.19% (95% confidence interval (CI95) 0.6–2), and overall Campylobacter spp. prevalence was 10.8% (CI95 = 9–12.9). Significant risk factors associated with Campylobacter spp. were farm size (odds ratio (OR)10–50 acres: less than 10 acres = 6, CI95 = 2.11–29.8), ownership of swine (OR = 9.3, CI95 = 3.4–38.8) and season (ORSpring: Coastal summer = 3.5, CI95 = 1.1–10.9; ORWinter: Coastal summer = 3.23, CI95 = 1.4–7.4). As the number of DSSF continues to grow, evaluating risk factors and management practices that are unique to these operations will help identify risk mitigation strategies and develop outreach materials to improve the food safety of animal and vegetable products produced on DSSF.

scholarly journals A New Strategy for Utilizing Rice Forage Production Using a No-Tillage System to Enhance the Self-Sufficient Feed Ratio of Small Scale Dairy Farming in Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 4975-4989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Windi Zahra ◽  
Takeshi Yasue ◽  
Naomi Asagi ◽  
Yuji Miyaguchi ◽  
Bagus Purwanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farming ◽  
The Self ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

scholarly journals MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barsihannor B
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Management ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Education Management ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Difference

This article examines thoughts of Prof. Dr. Mujamil Qomar, M.Ag. which expressly states that the success of Islamic education in the level of realityexpectations one of which is determined by the management of Islamic education that serves the task of advancing the implementation, implementation or application of Islamic education institutionally. Among Qomar's thoughts on the management of Islamic education that is pithy and deserves an in-depth study is the nature of Islamic education management and its implications, philosophical objects and praxis as well as the dimensions of Islamic education management, the characteristics and characteristics of Islamic education management, the difference between Islamic education management and education management , as well as about the existence and constraints of Islamic education management. Thought Qomar can be explored clearly in three works, namely Manajemen Pendidikan Islam: Strategi Baru Pengelolaan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam (Management of Islamic Education: New Strategy Management of Islamic Education Institutions), Dimensions of Management of Islamic Education, and Strategy of Islamic Education, as well as other works that are not directly related to the discussion of Islamic education management. 

scholarly journals Optimal Lockdown Strategies: All about Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anagh Pathak ◽  
Varun Madan Mohan ◽  
Arpan Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Effective Reduction ◽  
Limiting Case ◽  
Infection Spread

Abstract Lockdowns are disease mitigation strategies that aim to contain the spread of an infection by restricting the interactions of its carriers. Lockdowns can thus have a considerable economic cost, which makes the identification of optimal lockdown windows that minimize both infection spread and economic disruption imperative. A well-known feature of complex dynamical systems is their sensitivity to the timing of external inputs. Hence, we hypothesized that the timing and duration of lockdowns should dictate lockdown outcomes. We demonstrate this concept computationally from two perspectives - Firstly, a stochastic "small-scale" Agent Based Model (ABM) of a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) disease spread and secondly, a deterministic "large-scale" perspective using a multi-group SIR mass model with parameters determined from the SARS-CoV2 data in India. Lockdowns were implemented as an effective reduction of interaction probabilities in both models. This allowed us to evaluate the parametric variations of lockdown intensity and duration onto the dynamical properties of the infection spread over different connection topologies. We definitively show that the lockdown outcomes in both the stochastic small-scale and deterministic large-scale perspectives depend sensitively on the timing of its imposition and that it is possible to minimize lockdown duration while limiting case loads to numbers below hospitalization thresholds.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Maritime Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ejuvweyere Okpuvwie
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Maritime Piracy ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Humans rely on the sea for food and mineral resources; hence it is vital to their economic survival. Nations all throughout the world rely on the water for trade and commerce. This article looks at the present condition of marine security in the Gulf of Guinea. The Gulf of Guinea has a total shoreline of about 5,000 nautical miles and several natural harbours with dangerous weather. It has a significant crude oil reservoir, as well as fish and other natural resources. These traits provide huge prospects for marine trade and transportation, but the Gulf of Guinea is also riddled with maritime crimes of all types, including piracy and smuggling. Maritime piracy has presented a threat to coastal states’ stability and economic viability all across the world, not only in Africa. The study examines sea piracy in general, the Geographic Information System, and the impact of maritime piracy on the world socioeconomic development using secondary data. It then goes on to provide a number of recommendations aimed at addressing the problems caused by maritime piracy in the Gulf of Guinea in order to improve maritime security.

Development of a Multi-Hazard Landscape for Exposure and Risk Interpretation: The PRISM Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Buck ◽  
Kevin J. Summers ◽  
Stephen Hafner ◽  
Lisa M. Smith ◽  
Linda C. Harwell
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Multiple Hazards ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Temporal Profiles

Background: Multi-hazard risk assessment has long been centered on small scale needs, whereby a single community or group of communities’ exposures are assessed to determine potential mitigation strategies. While this approach has advanced the understanding of hazard interactions, it is limiting on larger scales or when significantly different hazard types are present. In order to address some of these issues, an approach is developed where multiple hazards coalesce with losses into an index representing the risk landscape. Methods: Exposures are assessed as a proportion of land-area, allowing for multiple hazards to be combined in a single calculation. Risk calculations are weighted by land-use types (built, dual-benefit, natural) in each county. This allows for a more detailed analysis of land impacts and removes some of the bias introduced by monetary losses in heavily urbanized counties. Results: The results of the quantitative analysis show a landscape where the risk to natural systems is high and the western United States is exposed to a bulk of the risk. Land-use and temporal profiles exemplify a dynamic risk-scape. Conclusion: The calculation of risk is meant to inform community decisions based on the unique set of hazards in that area over time.

scholarly journals Maritime Piracy and China's Policy Options to Southeast Asian Waters

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Kai CHEN
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
National Security Council ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Maritime Piracy ◽  
Critical Variable ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Private Security Companies

Southeast Asia remains one of the worst-hit regions in maritime piracy; pirates adopt new tactics and anti-piracy security governance presents inefficiencies, particularly sovereignty sensitivity in Southeast Asian waters. This article explores the context-sensitive policy options in the foreseeable future. Private security companies could be an alternative solution to maritime piracy for China and the most critical variable would be the China National Security Council.

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