scholarly journals Electrical Conductance Analysis of Solanum Lycopersicum under Biotic Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Michel TEUMA MBEZI ◽  
Sameh Najeh ◽  
Ambang Zachée ◽  
Ekobena Fouda H ◽  
Kofané Timoleon C
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Stochastic Analysis ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Electric Conductance ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Treated Plant ◽  
Theory Of Information ◽  
Informatics Application ◽  
Internet Of Thing

Our purpose is to provide different parameters of control from which one can identify a sick plant before the appearance of the first symptoms. We made a stochastic analysis and an analysis according to the theory of information, to deduce those characteristics parameters.  It came out from our analysis that the DSP of health plant is above the DSP of the sick plant. Generally, the DSP of health and treated plant is above the DSP of sick and treated plant. However there is an overlapping between the DSP of sick and treated plant, and the health one for the whole value of the normalized reduced frequency. The average conductance of health plant is higher than the average conductance of sick plant. We also observed that, average conductance of health and treated plant is lower than the average conductance of sick and treated plant. The standard deviation of health plant is higher than the standard deviation of sick plant. We also observed that, standard deviation of health and treated plant is lower than the standard deviation of sick and treated plant. The electric conductance signal G(ω,t) of Solanum lycopersicum leaf plant is not a statistics process in the broad sense (SSL). Electric conductance G(ω,t)  of the plant is a non ergotic signal. The entropy of the sick plant is higher than the entropy of the health one. Those parameters can be used during the development of informatics application, and can be used in I.O.T. (internet of thing)

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE OF ZIGZAG NANOGRAPHITE RIBBONS WITH LOCALLY APPLIED GATE VOLTAGE

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 4897-4909 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATSUNORI WAKABAYASHI ◽  
TAKASHI AOKI
Keyword(s):  
Gate Voltage ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Transmission Probability ◽  
Edge States ◽  
Transport Channel ◽  
Electric Conductance ◽  
Voltage Bias

The electric conductance of the graphite ribbon with locally applied gate voltage has been studied in terms of the Landauer approach. In the low-energy region, nano-graphite ribbon with zigzag boundaries exhibits the single electronic transport channel due to the edge states. The chemical potential dependence of the electric conductance shows qualitatively different behavior, depending on whether the magnitude of the potential barrier (gate voltage bias) Vg is larger than the energy gap Δ of the single channel region of the zigzag ribbon. For positive Vg with Vg < Δ, the zero-conductance resonances appear for 0 ≤ E ≤ Vg, and average transmission probability is quite small in this region. However the transmission probability is almost one, i.e. perfect transmission, for E > Vg. This step-function-like behavior of the conductance shows that it is possible to fabricate a nano-graphite-based switching device by the application of weak gate voltage bias.

scholarly journals A Conductimetric Method for the Estimation of Small Quantities of Ammonia

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
J. SHAW ◽  
B. W. STADDON
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Small Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Chambers ◽  
Standard Acid ◽  
The Difference

1. A method is described for the estimation of small quantities of ammonia down to 0.001 µg. N. 2. The principle of the method is that ammonia is liberated from the sample and recovered in a solution of standard acid by Conway's diffusion method; the electrical conductance of the acid falls as ammonia is absorbed, due to the difference in the mobility of hydrogen and ammonium ions. 3. The results of estimations on standard ammonium sulphate solutions and biological fluids are tabulated. The method can deal with quantities down to 0.005 µg. ammonia-N with an error &lt;± 2% (standard deviation), 0.001µg. ammonia-N with an error ± 6-8%. 4. An account is given of the construction of small diffusion chambers and small conductivity cells.

A Stochastic Analysis on the Effects of Restraint Component Characteristics on Injury Numbers at Frontal Crash Tests

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taewung Kim ◽  
Hyungho Kim ◽  
Hyun-Yong Jeong ◽  
Wook Jin
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Stochastic Analysis ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Engineering Software ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Crash Tests

In general, crash test data have a comparatively large variation because of the complexity of the tests. However, only limited numbers of crash tests are usually conducted to assess the safety performance of a vehicle due to monetary and time limitation. Thus, it is necessary to control factors which cause the variation in the test data to have consistent crash test results and to correctly assess the safety performance of a vehicle under development. In this study, a MADYMO (MAthematical DYnamic MOdeling; an engineering software tool developed by TNO that allows users to design and optimize occupant safety systems) model was validated deterministically to result in similar head, chest, pelvis deceleration pulses and belt load pulses to those from tests, and it was also validated stochastically to result in similar mean and standard deviation values of HIC15 and 3 msec clip. By reducing the standard deviation of major factors which might cause the variation in the injury numbers, the reduced standard deviation of the injury numbers could be determined by conducting a stochastic analysis using the validated MADYMO model. The sensitivity of the standard deviation of the injury numbers to that of the major factors was calculated in order to determine the major factors which may cause the variation of the injury numbers the most. The sensitivity of the injury numbers implies that the variation in the air bag permeability and the critical load of the loadlimiter should be well controlled in order to reduce the variation in HIC15 and 3 msec clip, respectively.

Nucleic Acid Molecules Prepared by Monolayer Techniques

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Dimitrij Lang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Contour Length ◽  
Sample Standard Deviation ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Protein Monolayer

The success of the protein monolayer technique for electron microscopy of individual DNA molecules is based on the prevention of aggregation and orientation of the molecules during drying on specimen grids. DNA adsorbs first to a surface-denatured, insoluble cytochrome c monolayer which is then transferred to grids, without major distortion, by touching. Fig. 1 shows three basic procedures which, modified or not, permit the study of various important properties of nucleic acids, either in concert with other methods or exclusively:1) Molecular weights relative to DNA standards as well as number distributions of molecular weights can be obtained from contour length measurements with a sample standard deviation between 1 and 4%.

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Hyung Jin Jun ◽  
Tang-Chuan Wang ◽  
Helena Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

Bedingungen für den Erfolg übergewichtiger und adipöser Kinder in einem ambulanten Programm zur Gewichtsreduktion durch Veränderungen des Lebensstils

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Pott ◽  
Georg Fröhlich ◽  
Özgür Albayrak ◽  
Johannes Hebebrand ◽  
Ursula Pauli-Pott
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Psychische Belastung ◽  
Deviation Score ◽  
Höheres Alter

Fragestellung: Es wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich erfolgreiche Teilnehmer eines ambulanten familienzentrierten Gewichtskontrollprogramms durch spezifische familiäre und psychologische Charakteristiken auszeichnen. Einbezogen wurden die psychosoziale Risikobelastung der Familie, Depressivität und Bindungsstil der Hauptbezugsperson, der Body mass index (BMI) und der BMI-Standardabweichungswert («Standard deviation score», SDS) des teilnehmenden Kindes und der Familienmitglieder sowie die individuelle psychische Belastung des teilnehmenden Kindes. Methodik: Die Daten wurden per Interview und Fragebogen vor dem Behandlungsbeginn erhoben. Von 136 in das Programm aufgenommenen übergewichtigen und adipösen Kindern zwischen 7 und 15 Jahren beendeten 116 das 12-monatige Interventionsprogramm. Von diesen zeigten 100 (85,3 %) eine Reduktion des BMI-SDS und 79 (68.1 %) eine mehr als 5 %ige Reduktion des BMI-SDS. Diese «erfolgreichen» Kinder wurden mit 56 «nicht erfolgreichen» (Abbrecher und Kinder mit einer 5 %igen oder geringeren Reduktion des BMI-SDS) verglichen. Ergebnisse: Nicht erfolgreiche Kinder unterschieden sich von den erfolgreichen durch ein höheres Alter, eine höhere psychosoziale Risikobelastung, Depressivität und einen vermeidenden Bindungsstil der Mutter sowie durch das Vorhandensein adipöser Geschwister. In einer logistischen Regressionsanalyse zeigten sich mütterliche Depressivität und das Vorhandensein adipöser Geschwister als beste und voneinander unabhängige Prädiktoren. Schlussfolgerungen: Um die spezifischen Bedürfnisse der Familien zu erfüllen und einen Misserfolg zu verhindern, sollten zusätzliche Programmbausteine zur spezifischen Unterstützung von Jugendlichen mit adipösen Geschwistern und Müttern mit Depressionen und vermeidenden Bindungsstil entwickelt werden. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Module muss dann in weiteren Studien überprüft werden.

"Stochastic analysis of the concentration variability in a dimensional heterogeneous aquifer

1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2591-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efstratios Vomvoris
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Analysis ◽  
Heterogeneous Aquifer

An examination of two alternative techniques to estimate the standard deviation of job performance in dollars.

1985 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Reilly ◽  
James W. Smither
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Alternative Techniques

At Least One Standard Deviation Above the Mean

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
M. DAVID MERRILL
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
The Mean
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