scholarly journals Evaluation of the Possibilities of Sodium Silicate Sands Application in Automated Hot-Box Process of Cores Shooting

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
M. Stachowicz ◽  
K. Granat ◽  
P. Obuchowski
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Silica Matrix ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Preliminary Research

AbstractThe paper presents the results of preliminary research on the use of silica sands with hydrated sodium silicate 1.5% wt. of binder for the performance of eco-friendly casting cores in hot-box technology. To evaluate the feasibility of high quality casting cores performed by the use of this method, the tests were made with the use of a semiautomatic core shooter using the following operating parameters: initial shooting pressure of 6 bar, shot time 4 s and 2 s, core-box temperature 200, 250 and 300 °C and core heating time 30, 60, 90 and 150 s. Matrixes of the moulding sands were two types of high-silica sand: fine and medium. Moulding sand binder was a commercial, unmodified hydrated sodium silicate having a molar module SiO2/ Na2O of 2.5. In one shot of a core-shooter were made three longitudinal samples (cores) with a total volume of about 2.8 dm3. The samples thus obtained were subjected to an assessment of the effect of shooting parameters, i.e. shooting time, temperature and heating time, using the criteria: core-box fill rate, bending strength (RgU), apparent density and surface quality after hardening. The results of the trials on the use of sodium silicate moluding sands made it possible to further refine the conditions of next research into the improvement of inorganic warm-box / hot-box technology aimed at: reduction of heating temperature and shot time. It was found that the performance of the cores depends on the efficiency of the venting system, shooting time, filling level of a shooting chamber and grains of the silica matrix used.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on Bending Properties of Three-Dimensional and Five-Directional Braided Composite

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3977
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Jia ◽  
Pei ◽  
Wan ◽  
Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Epoxy Resin Composites

The bending properties of three-dimensional (3Dim) and five-directional (5Dir) braided/epoxy resin composites at room temperature, 90 °C, 110 °C, and 150 °C and heating for 0.25 h, 10 h, and 30 h, respectively, were studied. The effect of different temperatures and heating times on the bending property of these composites was discussed. The results showed that the bending strength of these composites at 90 °C, 110 °C, and 150 °C and heating time of 0.25 h is 33.86%, 46.27%, and 83.94% lower, respectively, than that at room temperature. In addition, 3Dim–5Dir braided composites exhibit different damage modes at different temperatures, revealing different failure mechanisms. Heating temperature has greater influence on the bending properties of these composites than heating time. The results provided a basis for the application of resin-based 3Dim–5Dir braided/epoxy resin composites at different temperatures.

scholarly journals Investigations of Protective Coatings for Castings of High-Manganese Cast Steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Holtzer ◽  
A. Bobrowski ◽  
D. Drożyński ◽  
J. Mocek
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Silica Matrix ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Hadfield Steel ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Free Silica ◽  
High Silica

Abstract When cast steel castings are made in moulding sands on matrices of high-silica sand, which has a low fire resistance the problem of the so-called chemical penetration is distinctly visible. Whereas this effect appears to a small degree only when moulding sand matrices are of chromite, zircon or olivine sands. Therefore in case of making castings of high-manganese cast steel (e.g. Hadfield steel) sands not containing free silica should be applied (e.g. olivine sand) or in case of a high-silica matrix protective coatings for moulds and cores should be used. Two protective coatings, magnesite alcoholic (marked as coating 1 and coating 2) originated from different producers and intended for moulds for castings of the Hadfield steel, were selected for investigations. Examinations of the basic properties were performed for these coatings: viscosity, thermal analysis, sedimentation properties, wear resistance. In order to estimate the effectiveness of protective coatings the experimental castings were prepared. When applying coating 1, the surface quality of the casting was worse and traces of interaction between the casting material (cast steel) and the coating were seen. When protective coating 2 was used none interactions were seen and the surface quality was better.

Effect of Microwave Heating Variables on Nitrogen-Enriched Palm Shell Activated Carbon toward Efficient Hydrogen Sulfide Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
N. Mohammad Nor ◽  
L. L. Chung ◽  
Bassim H. Hameed ◽  
S. Sethupathi ◽  
A. R. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Removal

This research work is focuses on understanding the characteristics of modified nitrogen-enriched palm shell activated carbon (N-PSAC) that undergo different microwave (MW) operating parameters towards efficient H2S removal. The nitrogen functional groups were tailored onto PSAC micropore structures through impregnation of urea onto palm shell activated carbon (PSAC). The effect of MW heating variables (heating temperature, N2 flow rate, heating time and amount of adsorbent) on N-PSAC adsorbent was investigated and analyzed with respect to H2S adsorption capacity.One factor at a time (OFAT) approach was used to produce an efficient N-PSAC adsorbent, where theH2S breakthrough capacity (measured at 5% of H2S outlet concentration) attained was in the range of 98.71 – 211.35 mg/g.It was found that MW heating variables contribute a significant impactto the modification of N-PSAC adsorbent in catering the H2S emission.

The Study on the Effects of Sodium Silicate on Particleboard Made from Sugarcane Bagasse

2018 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Wah Ng ◽  
M.W. Yip ◽  
Y.C. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Japanese Industrial Standard ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Hot Press Process

Particleboard is an engineered wood product, factory-made from wood particles e.g. sawmill shavings, wood chips and saw dust and they are bonded into a solid board by appropriate binder. The scope of this paper is aimed to study the performance of particleboard made from sugarcane bagasse with the sodium silicate as the binder. The particleboards were produced by hot pressed at 150°C, 170°C and 190°C with the holding times of 20, 25 and 30 minutes respectively, at 10MPa. Different ratios of sodium silicate with reference to the bagasse by weigh i.e. 20%, 15% and 10% were added before the hot press process. The results obtained from the study shown that, the properties of the particleboard produced at the heating temperature of 170°C in 30 minutes with the addition of 20% of sodium silicate was the most promising. The densities, thickness swelling, flexural/bending strength and internal bond of the particleboards were tested based on the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), JIS A 5908:2003.

Recycling Technology for Waste Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) Using Pyrolysis with NaOH

2021 ◽  
Vol 1023 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Masayuki Miyazawa ◽  
Takaaki Wajima
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Recycling Technology ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) are composite materials with high strength and flame retardancy, and the disposal process is expensive to cause illegal dumping. Therefore, new recycling technology of waste GFRP are desired. In this study, recycling of waste GFRP using pyrolysis with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) under an inert atmosphere was attempted by gasification of resin and conversion of glass fiber into soluble sodium silicate. The pyrolysis behavior of GFRP, the characteristics of the obtained residue, the composition and the yield of generated gas, and the silica extraction into the solution were investigated. As a result, the gasification of the resin and the conversion of the glass fiber into soluble sodium silicate were promoted by pyrolysis with NaOH. It was confirmed that the gas yield, especially flammable gases (H2 and CH4), and the silica extraction increased and the residual ratio decreased as the increase of the heating temperature, NaOH addition and heating time.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Possibility of Using Reclaimed Materials for Making Cores by the Blowing Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
R. Dańko ◽  
J. Dańko ◽  
M. Skrzyński
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Average Characteristic ◽  
Binding Material ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ignition Loss ◽  
Sieve Analyses ◽  
High Silica

Abstract The cumulative results of investigations of the possibility of using the reclaimed materials after the mechanical, thermal or mechanical-thermal reclamation for making cores by means of the blowing method in the alkaline CO2 technology, are presented in the paper. Three kinds of spent sands: with furfuryl resin, bentonite and alkaline phenolic resin, obtained from the foundry, were subjected to three kinds of reclamation: mechanical, thermal and combined mechanical-thermal, applying for this aim adequate experimental devices. The obtained reclaims were assessed with regard to the degree of the matrix liberation from the determined binding material. Reclaims of moulding sands with binders of the form of resin were assessed with regard to ignition loss values and pH reaction, while reclaims of moulding sands with bentonite with regard to the residual clay content and pH value. In all cases the results of the performed sieve analyses were estimated and the average characteristic diameter dl was determined. The reclaimed matrix was applied as a full substitute of the fresh high-silica sand in typical procedures of preparing core sands used for making shaped samples for bending strength investigations, Rgu.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Batu Basalt Lampung dan Batubara dalam Bahan Baku terhadap Karakteristik Klinker

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Suharto Suharto ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Muhammad Al Muttaqii ◽  
Syafriadi Syafriadi ◽  
Kiki Nurwanti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Duration Of Heating

Experimental study on the use of basalt stone originated from Lampung has been conducted to evaluate its potential for a partial substitute of raw material in production of cement clinker. The basalt stone contains minerals of anorthite, augite, and albite phases that are required for clinker formation. In this study, the main raw materials were 80% limestone, 10% silica sand, 9% clay and 1% iron sand. The raw material in these experiments were mixtures 90% or 80% of the main raw material and 10% or 20% of basalt stone. The effect of adding coal to raw materials was also studied to see the possibility of an increase in clinkerization temperature inside the raw material mixture, and at the same time to see the effect of coal ash on clinker composition. Clinker obtained from heating of raw materials at a temperature of 1100oC had LSF of 94.1% and 95.1% (heating time of 1 and 3 hours). If heating is carried out at 1200oC, the clinker had LSF of 97.7% and 98.0% (heating time of 2 and 3 hours, respectively). Depending on the temperature and duration of heating, the clinker mostly had SM in the range of 2.18-2.40% , and AM in the range of 0,78-1.80%. Characterization using XRD showed that the clinker consisted of larnite and gehlenite phases, and dominated by CaO.Batu basalt Lampung telah diuji potensinya sebagai pengganti sebagian bahan baku utama pembuatan klinker semen. Batu basalt tersebut memiliki mineral-mineral dalam fase anorthite, augite, dan albite yang diperlukan pada pembentukan klinker. Pada penelitian ini, bahan baku utama adalah batu kapur 80%, pasir silika 10%, tanah liat 9% dan pasir besi 1%. Campuran bahan baku klinker adalah 90% atau 80% bahan baku utama dan 10% atau 20% batu basalt. Efek penambahan batubara ke dalam bahan baku klinker juga dipelajari untuk melihat kemungkinan kenaikan temperatur klinkerisasi di dalam campuran bahan baku, dan sekaligus untuk melihat efek abu batubara terhadap komposisi klinker. Klinker hasil pemanasan bahan baku pada temperatur 1100oC memiliki LSF 94,1% dan 95,1% (lama pemanasan 1 dan 3 jam). Jika pemanasan dilakukan pada 1200oC, klinker memilik LSF 97,7% dan 98,00% (lama pemanasan 2 dan 3 jam). Tergantung pada temperatur dan lama pemanasan, klinker hasil percobaan ini umumnya memiliki SM 2,18-2,40%, dan AM antara 0,78-1,80%. Karakterisasi dengan XRD menunjukkan bahwa klinker terdiri dari fase larnite dan gehlenite, dan didominasi CaO.

scholarly journals Study on Ultra-High Temperature Contact Solution Treatment of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloys

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Wenming Jin ◽  
Jianhao Yu ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Hongjie Jia ◽  
Mingwen Ren
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Strengthening Mechanism ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Solution Time ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Total Strength ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Short Heating Time

Contact solution treatment (CST) of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys can shorten solution time to within 40 s in comparison with 1800 s with traditional solution treatment using a heating furnace. Heating temperature is the key factor in solution treatment. Considering the short heating time of CST, the ultra-high solution temperature over 500 °C of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys was studied in this work. The effects of solution temperatures on the microstructures and the mechanical properties were investigated. The evolution of the second phases was explored and the strengthening mechanisms were also quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that solution time could be reduced to 10 s with the solution temperature of 535 °C due to the increasing dissolution rate of the second phase and the tensile strength of the aged specimen could reach 545 MPa. Precipitation strengthening was the main strengthening mechanism, accounting for 75.4% of the total strength. Over-burning of grain boundaries occurred when the solution temperature increased to 555 °C, leading to the deterioration of the strength.

Numerical Simulation and Process Optimization of Automotive Friction Materials in Warm Pressing Forming

2013 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Chun Cao ◽  
Chun Dong Zhu ◽  
Chen Fu
Keyword(s):  
Process Optimization ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temperature Heating

Warm pressing forming technology has been gradually applied to the forming of automotive friction materials. How to ensure product performance to achieve the target at the same time achieve the maximum energy saving is the research focus of this study. In this paper, by using finite element method, the field of automotive friction materials in warm pressing forming was analyzed, reveals the relationship between the temperature field and the heating temperature/heating time. Furthermore, the energy consumption was analyzed and compared it with hot pressing forming process. The results will have significant guiding to the process optimization in warm pressing forming.

Application Self-Regulating Heating Cable Curing of Concrete in Winter

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 1531-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bao Guo ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
It Use ◽  
Heating Efficiency ◽  
Cable Length ◽  
Heating Cable ◽  
Curing Methods ◽  
Two Parameters

In order to solve the shortcomings of traditional methods of concrete curing in winter, proposed self-regulating heating cable new concrete curing methods. Several aspects were considered, about the heating cable length and heating time, heating temperature. According to energy conservation, heating and heat dissipation balance, derived formulas of heating cable normal use length and minimum. As conclusions is shown, first, the normal length design can controlled better heating temperature, it use the cable length and heating time, heating temperature two parameters to control the other parameters. Second, it is better heating efficiency, can be the overall warming state quickly. In addition, when the concrete pouring temperature is above 10 °C, it is not need additional heating, and it can choose minimum length design formula.

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