Molecular and functional analysis of new members of the wheat PR4 gene family

2006 ◽  
Vol 387 (8) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bertini ◽  
Annunziata Cascone ◽  
Marina Tucci ◽  
Rosalinda D'Amore ◽  
Iris Di Berardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Untranslated Regions ◽  
High Sequence Identity ◽  
New Members ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

Abstract Five new genes belonging to the pathogenesis-related (PR) 4 family have been cloned and characterised in Triticum aestivum. Two full-length genes, named wPR4e and wPR4f-b, were isolated by library screening, demonstrating the presence of a small intron only in wPR4f-b. Two other PR4 genes (wPR4f-a and wPR4f-c) were isolated by PCR, showing very high sequence identity with wPR4f-b and constituting a new sub-family. Transcription start analysis was performed by RLM-RACE, leading to the isolation of a fifth gene, named wPR4g, that is highly homologous to wPR4e; both encode putative vacuolar PR4 proteins (Wheatwin7 and Wheatwin5, respectively). wPR4e and wPR4f sub-family genes are induced by F. culmorum infection, by chemicals that lead to systemic acquired resistance and by wounding, showing different spatial and temporal induction pathways. In silico analysis of the 5′ untranslated regions of wPR4e and wPR4f-b revealed the presence of several abiotic and biotic stress-responsive elements. wPR4e and wPR4f-b putative promoters were fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and transient and stable expression assays demonstrated that both are able to drive expression of GUS. Characterisation of these new PR4 genes and particularly of their 5′ untranslated regions, as well as the determination of their expression patterns, will contribute to our understanding of the responsiveness of this gene family to various stress conditions and of its role in plant defence.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification, evolution, and expression analysis of the NPR1-like gene family in pears

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12617
Author(s):  
Yarui Wei ◽  
Shuliang Zhao ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Yuxing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Genome Level

The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) plays a master regulatory role in the salicylic acid (SA) signal transduction pathway and plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Members of the NPR1-like gene family have been reported to the associated with biotic/abiotic stress in many plants, however the genome-wide characterization of NPR1-like genes has not been carried out in Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Reld). In this study, a systematic analysis was conducted on the characteristics of the NPR1-like genes in P. bretschneideri Reld at the whole-genome level. A total nine NPR1-like genes were detected which eight genes were located on six chromosomes and one gene was mapped to scaffold. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the nine PbrNPR1-like proteins were divided into three clades (Clades I–III) had similar gene structure, domain and conserved motifs. We sorted the cis-acting elements into three clades, including plant growth and development, stress responses, and hormone responses in the promoter regions of PbrNPR1-like genes. The result of qPCR analysis showed that expression diversity of PbrNPR1-like genes in various tissues. All the genes were up-regulated after SA treatment in leaves except for Pbrgene8896. PbrNPR1-like genes showed circadian rhythm and significantly different expression levels after inoculation with Alternaria alternata. These findings provide a solid insight for understanding the functions and evolution of PbrNPR1-like genes in Chinese pear.

scholarly journals Systemic Acquired Resistance in Canola Is Linked with Pathogenesis-Related Gene Expression and Requires Salicylic Acid

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 794-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobha D. Potlakayala ◽  
Darwin W. Reed ◽  
Patrick S. Covello ◽  
Pierre R. Fobert
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an induced defense response that confers long-lasting protection against a broad range of microbial pathogens. Here we show that treatment of Brassica napus plants with the SAR-inducing chemical benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) significantly enhanced resistance against virulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans. Localized preinoculation of plants with an avirulent strain of P. syringae pv. maculicola also enhanced resistance to these pathogens but was not as effective as BTH treatment. Single applications of either SAR-inducing pretreatment were effective against P. syringae pv. maculicola, even when given more than 3 weeks prior to the secondary challenge. The pretreatments also led to the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, including BnPR-1 and BnPR-2, with higher levels of transcripts observed in the BTH-treatment material. B. napus plants expressing a bacterial salicylate hydroxylase transgene (NahG) that metabolizes salicylic acid to catechol were substantially compromised in SAR and accumulated reduced levels of PR gene transcripts when compared with untransformed controls. Thus, SAR in B. napus displays many of the hallmarks of classical SAR including long lasting and broad host range resistance, association with PR gene activation, and a requirement for salicylic acid.

The roles of methyl jasmonate to stress in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaxia Yu ◽  
Wenjin Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Xiaojia Zhang ◽  
Duoyong Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Plants are constantly exposed to various stresses, which can degrade their health. The stresses can be alleviated by the application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which is a hormone involved in plant signalling. MeJA induces synthesis of defensive compounds and initiates the expression of pathogenesis-related genes involved in systemic acquired resistance and local resistance. Thus, MeJA may be used against pathogens, salt stress, drought stress, low temperature, heavy metal stress and toxicities of other elements. The application of MeJA improves growth, induces the accumulation of active compounds, and affects endogenous hormones levels, and other physiological and biochemical characteristics in stressed plants. Furthermore, MeJA antagonises the adverse effects of osmotic stress by regulating inorganic penetrating ions or organic penetrants to suppress the absorption of toxic ions. MeJA also mitigates oxidative stress by activating antioxidant systems to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stressed plants. For these reasons, we reviewed the use of exogenous MeJA in alleviating biotic (pathogens and insects) and abiotic stresses in plants.

scholarly journals Conserved structure of the NPR1 gene distal promoter isolated from a chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in West Sumatera

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Jamsari Jamsari ◽  
Maythesya Oktavioni ◽  
Bastian Nova ◽  
Ifan Aulia Candra ◽  
Alfi Asben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Base Substitution ◽  
Silencer Elements ◽  
Distal Promoter

Background: The non-expressor of pathogenesis related gene 1 (NPR1) protein is one of the key regulators in the systemic acquired resistance plant defence system. The cis-acting elements of its distal promoter gene are characterized by salicylic acid inducing elements such as the W-box, RAV1AAT and ASF1, accompanied with enhancer and silencer elements. This study was aimed to isolate and characterize the distal promoter sequence of the NPR1 gene (PD_CbNPR1) from the chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotype Berangkai, a local genotype known to produce large yields, but is susceptible to viral infection. Elucidating its sequence structure will open a broad range of possibilities to engineer the NPR1 gene expression which is important to improve chili pepper resistant. Methods: PCR-based cloning combined with a primer walking strategy was applied in this study. The BioEdit tool was used to edit the sequence and verify sequence integrity, while homology analysis was conducted with BLASTn searching. Identification of a cis-acting element was detected by PLACE. Results: Isolation of the complete distal promoter sequence of PD_CbNPR1 produced a fragment 5,950 bp in size. BLASTn search analysis indicated that PD_CbNPR1 sequence is highly conserved (99% homology) showing only a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (base substitution) compared with its reference sequence. Analysis using PLACE tools successfully identified nine cis-acting elements containing a W-box, WLE1, RAV1AAT, TATA-box, CAAT-box, GARE and GT1 with multi repeats and diverse motives, as well as enhancer and silencer elements, which is characterized by a CCAAT-box and GAGAAATT pattern, respectively. Conclusion: The distal promoter of the NPR1 gene is highly conserved, showing only one SNP caused by one base substitution event.

scholarly journals Comparison of Methods of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl Application for Post-Infection Fire Blight Suppression in Pear and Apple

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Johnson ◽  
Todd N. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Guide Field ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

Greenhouse-grown, 1-year-old potted ‘Bosc’ pear and apple rootstock cultivars ‘M.9’ and ‘M.26’ were inoculated with the fire blight pathogen, Erwinia amylovora, and subjected to trunk paint, root drench, or foliar spray treatments with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM, 4 to 30 mg a.i./tree) to induce systemic acquired resistance. Each method of ASM treatment suppressed fire blight canker expansion by 22 to 25%. Furthermore, ASM application method and ASM treatment timing (at or ±3 weeks relative to inoculation) interacted significantly (P ≤ 0.02) in each experiment. A root drench was most effective when applied 3 weeks before inoculation (36% suppression) whereas trunk paints and foliar sprays were more effective at inoculation (43 and 34%, suppression, respectively). Sizes of fire blight cankers in potted apple rootstocks M.9 and M.26 (under scions ‘Gala’ or ‘Cameo’) inoculated directly with the pathogen were reduced by 82 and 87% after two pretreatments of ASM applied as a trunk paint or root drench, respectively. Expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes PR-1 and -2 in apple leaves sampled after an ASM trunk paint were elevated significantly (P ≤ 0.05) relative to control trees for at least 9 weeks after treatment. Results of this study are being used to guide field research on postinfection therapy with ASM in 1- to 10-year-old pear and apple trees where fire blight has proven difficult to manage with therapeutic pruning only.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid and NIM1/NPR1-Independent Gene Induction by Incompatible Peronospora parasitica in Arabidopsis

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1235-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Rairdan ◽  
Nicole M. Donofrio ◽  
Terrence P. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Peronospora Parasitica ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Response Profiles

To identify pathogen-induced genes distinct from those involved in systemic acquired resistance, we used cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism to examine RNA levels in Arabidopsis thaliana wild type, nim1-1, and salicylate hydroxylase-expressing plants after inoculation with an incompatible isolate of the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora parasitica. Fifteen genes are described, which define three response profiles on the basis of whether their induction requires salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and NIM1/NPR1 activity, SA alone, or neither. Sequence analysis shows that the genes include a calcium binding protein related to TCH3, a protein containing ankyrin repeats and potential transmembrane domains, three glutathione S-transferase gene family members, and a number of small, putatively secreted proteins. We further characterized this set of genes by assessing their expression patterns in each of the three plant lines after inoculation with a compatible P. parasitica isolate and after treatment with the SA analog 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid. Some of the genes within subclasses showed different requirements for SA accumulation and NIM1/NPR1 activity, depending upon which elicitor was used, indicating that those genes were not coordinately regulated and that the regulatory pathways are more complex than simple linear models would indicate.

scholarly journals N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid is a mobile signal that induces systemic disease resistance in Arabidopsis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Chu Chen ◽  
Eric C. Holmes ◽  
Jakub Rajniak ◽  
Jung-Gun Kim ◽  
Sandy Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Pipecolic Acid ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

AbstractSystemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a global response in plants induced at the site of infection that leads to long-lasting and broad-spectrum disease resistance at distal, uninfected tissues. Despite the importance of this priming mechanism, the identity of the mobile defense signal that moves systemically throughout plants to initiate SAR has remained elusive. In this paper, we describe a new metabolite, N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (N-OH-Pip), and provide evidence that this molecule is a mobile signal that plays a central role in initiating SAR signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE 1 (FMO1), a key regulator of SAR-associated defense priming, can synthesize N-OH-Pip from pipecolic acid in planta, and exogenously applied N-OH-PIP moves systemically in Arabidopsis and can rescue the SAR-deficiency of fmo1 mutants. We also demonstrate that N-OH-Pip treatment causes systemic changes in the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and metabolic pathways throughout the plant, and enhances resistance to a bacterial pathogen. This work provides new insight into the chemical nature of a mobile signal for SAR and also suggests that the N-OH-Pip pathway is a promising target for metabolic engineering to enhance disease resistance.

scholarly journals Induce the plant resistance to pathogen infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ezzat ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Direct Toxicity

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a mechanism of induced defense that confers long-lasting protection against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. Salicylic acid (SA) is the signal molecule which is required for induce SAR and is associated with accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins, which are thought to contribute to resistance. SA paly vital role in some related resistance gene expression in plant cell which have direct or indirect effect on pathogen growth as SA has direct toxicity for pathogen and in the same time has stimulation effect for some enzyme related to reduce the oxidative burst.

scholarly journals Constitutive cyclic GMP accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana compromises systemic acquired resistance induced by an avirulent pathogen by modulating local signals

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamshaid Hussain ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Vittoria Locato ◽  
Wilma Sabetta ◽  
Smrutisanjita Behera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Defence Responses

Abstract The infection of Arabidopsis thaliana plants with avirulent pathogens causes the accumulation of cGMP with a biphasic profile downstream of nitric oxide signalling. However, plant enzymes that modulate cGMP levels have yet to be identified, so we generated transgenic A. thaliana plants expressing the rat soluble guanylate cyclase (GC) to increase genetically the level of cGMP and to study the function of cGMP in plant defence responses. Once confirmed that cGMP levels were higher in the GC transgenic lines than in wild-type controls, the GC transgenic plants were then challenged with bacterial pathogens and their defence responses were characterized. Although local resistance was similar in the GC transgenic and wild-type lines, differences in the redox state suggested potential cross-talk between cGMP and the glutathione redox system. Furthermore, large-scale transcriptomic and proteomic analysis highlighted the significant modulation of both gene expression and protein abundance at the infection site, inhibiting the establishment of systemic acquired resistance. Our data indicate that cGMP plays a key role in local responses controlling the induction of systemic acquired resistance in plants challenged with avirulent pathogens.

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