scholarly journals The Impact of Fiscal Transparency on Corruption: An Empirical Analysis Based on Longitudinal Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina De Simone ◽  
Giuseppe Lucio Gaeta ◽  
Paulo Reis Mourão
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fiscal Transparency ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFiscal transparency is considered an essential feature of public financial management and is supposed to provide beneficial governance effects such as reducing corruption. This paper adds to recent empirical literature that specifically investigates the impact of fiscal information disclosure on corruption. Country-level evidence provided by previous studies is exclusively based on cross-sectional econometric analyses, while the present contribution relies on a wide-ranging, country-level dataset of 116 countries that cover a ten-year time span (2003–2012), and on dynamic panel data estimates. These innovations in terms of data and methods provide new, robust empirical support to the claim that fiscal transparency is negatively correlated with corruption.

Brand awareness: revisiting an old metric for a new world

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Romaniuk ◽  
Samuel Wight ◽  
Margaret Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Global Brand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Brand awareness is a pivotal, but often neglected, aspect of consumer-based brand equity. This paper revisits brand awareness measures in the context of global brand management. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the method of Laurent et al. (1995), this cross-sectional longitudinal study examines changes in brand awareness over time, with sample sizes of approximately 300 whisky consumers per wave in three countries: United Kingdom, Taiwan and Greece. Findings There is consistency in the underlying structure of awareness scores across countries, and over time, extending the work of Laurent et al. (1995). Results show that a relevant operationalisation of brand awareness needs to account for the history of the brand. Furthermore, the nature of the variation of brand awareness over time interacts with a brand’s market share. Research limitations/implications When modelling the impact of brand awareness researchers need to consider two factors – the brand’s market share and whether a more stable or volatile measure is sought. This avoids mis-specifying the country-level contribution of brand awareness. Practical implications Global brand managers should be wary of adopting a “one size fits all” approach. The choice of brand awareness measure depends on the brand’s market share, and the desire for higher sensitivity or stability. Originality/value The paper provides one of the few multi-country investigations into brand awareness that can help inform global brand management.

The impact of economic and financial development on environmental degradation

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Nasreen ◽  
Sofia Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
High Income ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to validate the impact of economic and financial development along with energy consumption on environmental degradation using dynamic panel data models for the period 1980-2010. The study uses three sub-panels constructed on the basis of income level to make panel data analysis more meaningful. Design/methodology/approach – Larsson et al. panel cointegration technique, fully modified ordinary least squares and vector error correction model causality analysis are applied for empirical estimation. Findings – Main empirical findings demonstrate that financial development reduces environmental degradation in the high-income panel and increases environmental degradation in the middle- and low-income panels. Hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve is accepted in all income panels. Granger causality results show the evidence of bidirectional causality between financial development and CO2 emission in the high-income panel, and unidirectional causality from financial development to CO2 emission in the middle- and low-income panels. Originality/value – In empirical literature, only a few studies explain the effect of financial development on environment. The present study is an effort to fill this gap by exploring the effect of economic and financial development on environmental degradation.

Effects of zakat on the economic growth in selected Islamic countries: empirical evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoutem Ben Jedidia ◽  
khouloud Guerbouj
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of zakat on the economic growth for a sample of Muslim countries. As a matter of fact, Zakat is a religious tax on wealth paid annually to specified recipients. As it leads to income redistribution and increases the aggregate demand, zakat can be a growth factor in the Islamic framework. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a dynamic panel data model for the purpose of investigating the role of zakat in the economic growth for a sample of eight Muslim countries during the period ranging from 2004 to 2017. The general method of moments is applied. Findings The findings provide evidence that zakat stimulates the country’s growth. Indeed, as zakat funds are directed to increase consumption, investment or government expenditure, they spur on the economic growth. Moreover, the authors come to the conclusion that more trade openness allows an increase in the real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. However, the broad money to GDP and population growth rate seem insignificantly associated with the economic growth for the sample considered. Practical implications The findings have substantial implications for the economic policy in Muslim countries. Authorities may further rely on zakat to boost the economic growth. First, it is essential to improve the muzakki’s knowledge on zakat to increase their intention, and so their ability and willingness to pay zakat. Second, the government intervention in both zakat collect and distribution becomes mandatory. Therefore, the contribution of zakat to the economic growth will be higher. This requires better-quality services of zakat institutions. Originality/value A few studies have empirically looked into the impact of zakat on the economic growth, especially for panel data. Hence, the present study tries to enrich the literature on this topic. It creates significant evidence regarding the relevance of zakat in Muslim countries. The findings provide empirical support that zakat is an additional growth factor in the Islamic framework.

scholarly journals Trends and Predictors of COVID-19 Information Sources and Their Relationship With Knowledge and Beliefs Related to the Pandemic: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahmir H Ali ◽  
Joshua Foreman ◽  
Yesim Tozan ◽  
Ariadna Capasso ◽  
Abbey M Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Source Of Information

BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a heightened need to understand health information seeking behaviors to address disparities in knowledge and beliefs about the crisis. OBJECTIVE This study assessed sociodemographic predictors of the use and trust of different COVID-19 information sources, as well as the association between information sources and knowledge and beliefs about the pandemic. METHODS An online survey was conducted among US adults in two rounds during March and April 2020 using advertisement-based recruitment on social media. Participants were asked about their use of 11 different COVID-19 information sources as well as their most trusted source of information. The selection of COVID-related knowledge and belief questions was based on past empirical literature and salient concerns at the time of survey implementation. RESULTS The sample consisted of 11,242 participants. When combined, traditional media sources (television, radio, podcasts, or newspapers) were the largest sources of COVID-19 information (91.2%). Among those using mainstream media sources for COVID-19 information (n=7811, 69.5%), popular outlets included CNN (24.0%), Fox News (19.3%), and other local or national networks (35.2%). The largest individual information source was government websites (87.6%). They were also the most trusted source of information (43.3%), although the odds of trusting government websites were lower among males (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.58, 95% CI 0.53-0.63) and those aged 40-59 years and ≥60 years compared to those aged 18-39 years (AOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.92; AOR 0.62, 95% CI 0.54-0.71). Participants used an average of 6.1 sources (SD 2.3). Participants who were male, aged 40-59 years or ≥60 years; not working, unemployed, or retired; or Republican were likely to use fewer sources while those with children and higher educational attainment were likely to use more sources. Participants surveyed in April were markedly less likely to use (AOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.35-0.46) and trust (AOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.47-0.56) government sources. The association between information source and COVID-19 knowledge was mixed, while many COVID-19 beliefs were significantly predicted by information source; similar trends were observed with reliance on different types of mainstream media outlets. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 information source was significantly determined by participant sociodemographic characteristics and was also associated with both knowledge and beliefs about the pandemic. Study findings can help inform COVID-19 health communication campaigns and highlight the impact of using a variety of different and trusted information sources.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Corruption On Economic Development: Case Study Romania

10.26458/1613 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Luminita Ionescu ◽  
Florentin Caloian
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Management Reform ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fiscal Transparency ◽  
Public Financial Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geopolitical Risks

In the last decade, Romania implemented a strong legislation and a comprehensive program of public financial management reform in order to improve the national fiscal transparency and to reduce corruption.Corruption is a growing phenomenon all over the world, affecting economic development and aggravated by the legacy of the global economic crisis. The global risks are different from the past due to notably cyber attacks, new economic realities and geopolitical risks. Most of the time, corruption is associated with financial crime, fraud and bribery. Corruption is a major factor of reducing economic development and the governments must increase of macroeconomic and fiscal forecasts in order to facilitate access to the public funds.       

High-Skilled Immigration and Innovation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Venturini ◽  
Sona Kalantaryan ◽  
Claudio Fassio
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Skilled Immigration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This chapter provides an extensive review of the existing empirical literature that analyses the impact of (mostly high-skilled) migration on the innovative performances of firms, regions, and countries. The authors discuss the different features of the immigrant labour force, such as education, occupation, age, and internal ethnic diversity, that play a role in the contribution of immigrants to innovation. By categorizing the existing studies on the basis of the definition of innovation and migration that they adopt, as well as on the specific level of analysis chosen (at the firm, regional, or country level), the chapter also engages in an in-depth discussion about the policy implications that can be drawn from the existing evidence. Finally, the chapter outlines some suggestions about the implementation of appropriate immigration policies, able to truly foster innovation in European countries.

scholarly journals The Cross Section of Country Equity Returns: A Review of Empirical Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaremba
Keyword(s):  
Asset Pricing ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Equity Returns ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Fund Flows ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Stock Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Cross

The last three decades brought mounting evidence regarding the cross-sectional predictability of country equity returns. The studies not only documented country-level counterparts of well-established stock-level anomalies, such as size, value, or momentum, but also demonstrated some unique return-predicting signals such as fund flows or political regimes. Nonetheless, the different studies vary remarkably in terms of their dataset and methods employed. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on the cross-section of country equity returns. We focus on three particular aspects of the asset pricing literature. First, we study the choice of dataset and sample preparation methods. Second, we survey different aspects of the methodological approaches. Last but not least, we review the country-level equity anomalies discovered so far. The discussed cross-sectional return patterns not only provide new insights into international asset pricing but can also be potentially translated into effective country allocation strategies.

IPO initial return in Pakistan: influence of country-level institutional quality

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Mehmood ◽  
Rasidah Mohd-Rashid ◽  
Abd Halim Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad Hakimi Tajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Initial Return ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe present study investigated the influence of country-level institutional quality on IPO initial return using World Bank Governance indices.Design/methodology/approachThis study analysed 84 IPOs listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange between 2000 and 2017 using cross-sectional data. The impact of country-level institutional quality on IPO initial returns was examined using ordinary least square, robust least square, stepwise least square and quantile regression.FindingsEmpirically, the values of political stability, government effectiveness and regulatory quality were positively significant, whereas rule of law and control of corruption were negatively significant in explaining the intensity of IPO initial return. The results also show the presence of significant risk in the market. Hence, investors were compensated with higher initial returns for weak country-level institutional quality. The results also reveal that improving country-level institutional quality would improve the financial market transparency, thereby reducing IPO initial returns.Originality/valueNo studies have been conducted regarding the influence of country-level institutional quality on IPO initial return in Pakistan. This study is a pioneering study that seeks to give insights into the link between these variables in the context of Pakistan.

Vertical Grants and Local Public Efficiency: The Inference-disturbing Effect of Fiscal Equalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Bischoff ◽  
Peter Bönisch ◽  
Peter Haug ◽  
Annette Illy
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
German State ◽  
Service Production ◽  
Public Sector Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

The existing empirical literature on the impact of vertical grants on local public-sector efficiency yields mixed results. Given the fact that vertical financial equalization systems often reduce differences in fiscal capacity, we argue that empirical studies based on cross-sectional data may yield a positive relationship between grants and efficiency of public service production even when the underlying causal effect is not. We provide a simple illustrative theoretical model to show the logic of our argument and illustrate its relevance by an empirical case study for the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. We show that our main argument of an inference-disturbing effect applies to those existing studies that are more optimistic about the impact of vertical grants. Finally, we argue that it may disturb the inference drawn from studies in a number of other countries where vertical grants—intended or not—concentrate in fiscally weak municipalities.

scholarly journals Impact of infertility on marital relationships among infertile couples attending OPD of a tertiary health care centre

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chhaya Kushwaha ◽  
Parul Sinha ◽  
Uma Gupta ◽  
Kumkum Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Marital Relationships ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Impact

Background: There is little empirical literature on the effects of infertility on marital relationships in India. This study was sought to examine the impact of infertility on the marital relationships of the couple at Eras Lucknow Medical College and Hospital.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional design conducted on infertile women presenting in OPD (outpatient department) of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital. A self-developed questionnaire was used for collecting data for the study. The questionnaire was divided into 5 sections: A to E. Data was presented in the form of descriptive statistics such as proportion and percentage.Results: This study revealed that infertility affected the sexual life of participants as it was reported that even though they still had regular sexual intercourse with their partners after realising they were infertile (64.5%), sex was only for the purpose of reproduction and not for mutual sexual satisfaction (13%). Sexual intercourse was reported to be unfulfilling as well as unenjoyable (16.4%). The psychological well-being of participants (29.60%) and stability within marital unions were also negatively affected by infertility, resulting in quarrels (13 %).Conclusions: Infertility has numerous negative implications for marital relationship. Thus, infertile persons should not be only physically examined and treated for infertility but should also be given counselling to lessen the psychological trauma attached to infertility.

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