scholarly journals Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from drinking water

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Čuvalová ◽  
Monika Pipová ◽  
Miriam Kantíková ◽  
Andrea Brtková ◽  
Jozef Fajber
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Chlorinated Drinking Water

AbstractLittle has been published about the occurrence, speciesidentification, andpathogenicpotentialofcoagulasenegative staphylococci (CoNS) present in drinking water. In this study, ten species were identified among 57 isolates of staphylococci from 756 samples of chlorinated drinking water taken from public distribution networks in the Slovak Republic. S. warneri (37%), S. haemolyticus (23%), and S. saprophyticus ssp. saprophyticus (14%) were identified most frequently. Isolates did not produce coagulase, DNase, or hyaluronidase; production of gelatinase and lecithinase was observed in 28 and 22 isolates, respectively. Genetically encoded ability for production of enterotoxin SED was revealed in two isolates. Among ten antibiotics tested, resistance to ampicillin (66.7%), penicillin (64.9%), and erythromycin (57.9%) were observed most frequently. Resistance to gentamicin, vancomycin, or clindamycin was not confirmed. Production of β-lactamase was observed in 64.9% of isolates. Fourty-two isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics tested, and eight isolates showed multiresistance. The presence of mecA gene was confirmed in 8 isolates, while PBP2a was revealed in 7. Two isolates of S. epidermidis were identified as methicillin-resistant (MRSE). The results demonstrate that CoNS in chlorinated drinking water may possess virulence factors and show resistance to various antibiotics. Therefore, their pathogenic potential should not be ignored.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in healthy dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Siugzdaite ◽  
A. Gabinaitiene
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Resistance Rates

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in healthy dogs and to determine whether methicillin-resistant staphylococci expressed the mecA gene. Nasal and rectal swab samples were taken from 50 clinically healthy dogs. The prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci was evaluated according to phenotypic properties. The agar diffusion method was applied to evaluate antimicrobial resistance and the prevalence of methicillin resistance was determined using PCR analysing the mecA gene. A total of 59 coagulase-negative staphylococcus strains were isolated from the nostrils and rectums of 37 (74%) clinically healthy dogs. The prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in female dogs was significantly higher compared with male dogs (P < 0.05). The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 6.7% of the strains were resistant to oxacillin, 23.7% were resistant to penicillin, 22% to ampicillin and 16.9% to erythromycin. The mecA PCR revealed one oxacillin-sensitive and four oxacillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci strains to be mecA carriers. Staphylococcus sciuri (60%) and Staphylococcus warneri (20%) were the most prevalent species among methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci. High antimicrobial resistance rates for these bacteria were observed against penicillin (100%), ampicillin (100%), oxacillin (80%), erythromycin (80%) and gentamicin (60%). All strains were susceptible to vancomycin and enrofloxacin. It is assumed that methicillin-resistance genes evolved in coagulase-negative staphylococcus and were then horizontally transferred among staphylococci.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci in pediatric hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-275
Author(s):  
Nataliya A. Gordinskaya ◽  
E.V. Belyaeva ◽  
E.V. Boriskina ◽  
D.V. Kryazhev
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Children's Hospitals ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Children’S Hospitals ◽  
Intermediate Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains

Objective. To determine frequency of Staphylococcus isolation and antimicrobial resistance in hospitalized children with different types of infections. Materials and Methods. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in staphylococci were performed on a WalkAway 96 analyzer using Pos Combo type 20 tablets, and mecA gene detection was performed on a RotorGene 6000 amplifier with a set of AmpliSens MRSA-screen FL. Results. A total of 876 strains of staphylococci isolated in children’s hospitals were tested. The species and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were studied. The most common types of staphylococci were: S. aureus – 36.0%, S. epidermidis – 23.0%, S. haemolyticus – 19.7%, S. hominis – 14.0%. As many as 35.3% of isolates were methicillin-resistant, while 32.9% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus was detected, and 65.6% of methicillin-resistant strains were among the most frequently isolated coagulase-negative staphylococci. The mecA gene was detected in 97.1% of phenotypically methicillin-resistant strains. Antibiotic resistance of S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci circulating in children’s hospitals is very high. Two strains of S. aureus with intermediate resistance to vancomycin (MIC = 4 mcg/ml) and one S. aureus with resistance to linezolid (MIC = 8 mcg/ ml) were isolated. Among coagulase-negative staphylococci, two strains with intermediate resistance to vancomycin (MIC = 8 mcg/ml), two resistant to vancomycin (MIC = 16 mcg/ml), and 6 strains resistant to linezolid (MIC from 8 to 32 mcg/ml) were identified. Conclusions. Antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci in children’s hospitals does not depend on the species, more than half of the isolated isolates are methicillin-resistant. During the reporting period, staphylococci resistant to vancomycin and linezolid were identified, which requires resistance mechanisms to be determined.

Microarray Technology for the Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Present in Hospital and Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant S.aureus Strains

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2546-2550
Author(s):  
Monica Licker ◽  
Andrei Anghel ◽  
Roxana Moldovan ◽  
Elena Hogea ◽  
Delia Muntean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Microarray Technology ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a real burden for the modern medicine. One of the most frecvently isolated hospital acquired (HA) pathogens wordlwide, is Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Recently not only HA, but also community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections have been reported. A prospective study was performed between February 2009 and October 2010, with the aim to investigate bacterial resistance of CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA. DNA microarray technology has been used for the detection of 4 AMR genes for the studied MRSA strains. A number of 218 HA- S.aureus strains have been isolated, from which 89 (40. 82%) were MRSA. In the community, 1.553 S.aureus strains were isolated, out of which, 356 (22. 92%) were MRSA. From these, a number of 17 HA and 12 CA �MRSA strains have been analyzed by DNA microarray technology. From 100% phenotypically described HA- MRSA, we identified mecA gene in 10 strains (58. 83%). Other 6 strains (35. 29%) have been erm(A) positive and 4 (23. 53%) - tet(O) positive. 83. 33% (10 strains) from the CA strains had mecA gene, only one (8. 33%) was erm(A) positive and 4 (33. 33%) were erm(C) positive. DNA microarray is a method allowing the concomitant scan of multiple genes and can be done within a few hours. That type of rapid and reliable methods for antimicrobial sensitivity tests are important to start an appropriate therapy.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Staphylococcus Xylosus Isolated from Subclinical Mastitis in Cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Bochniarz ◽  
Władysław Wawron ◽  
Marek Szczubiał ◽  
Piotr Brodzki ◽  
Tomasz Piech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Staphylococcus Xylosus ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotics

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus xylosus isolated from subclinical mastitis in cows. The material consisted of 42 isolates of S. xylosus obtained from 276 samples of milk collected from cows with subclinical mastitis. The isolates were obtained from the udder secretions of 33 cows from farms in the Lublin region (Poland). S. xylosus was found in 15.2% of tested milk samples. The study did not reveal any macroscopic changes in the milk or symptoms in the cow’s body. The number of somatic cells in milk samples ranged from 245,000 to 416,000/ml of milk (on average 268,000/ml of milk). The ability to produce slime was observed in 42.9% of S. xylosus isolates. None of the tested isolates demonstrated the ability to produce protease or cause haemolysis. Five isolates of S. xylosus (11.9%) were classified to the methicillin-resistant group. The mecA gene was not found in any of these isolates. The enzyme β-lactamase was detected in 28.6% of S. xylosus isolates. The highest efficacy against S. xylosus was demonstrated for cephalosporin antibiotics: cefacetrile and cefoperazone (80.1% and 76.2% of susceptible isolates of S. xylosus, respectively). A significant quantity of isolates was resistant to streptomycin, linkomycin, penicillin and neomycin (approximately 10% of susceptible isolates of S. xylosus).

Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Retail Chicken

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1879-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHALID IBRAHIM SALLAM ◽  
SAMIR MOHAMMED ABD-ELGHANY ◽  
MOHAMED ELHADIDY ◽  
TOMOHIRO TAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

The emergence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in food-producing animals is of increasing interest, raising questions about the presence of MRSA in food of animal origin and potential sources of transmission to humans via the food chain. In this study, the prevalence, molecular characterization, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MRSA isolates from 200 retail raw chicken samples in Egypt were determined. MRSA was detected by positive amplification of the mecA gene in 38% (76 of 200) of chicken samples analyzed. This represents a potential public health threat in Egypt, as this contamination rate seems to be the highest among other studies reported worldwide. Furthermore, genes encoding α-hemolysin (hla) and staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea, seb, and sec) were detected in all of the 288 MRSA isolates. Nonetheless, none of the strains tested carried tst, the gene encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. Antimicrobial resistance of MRSA isolates was most frequently detected against penicillin (93.4%), ampicillin (88.9%), and cloxacillin (83.3%). These results suggest that retail chicken might be a significant potential source for transmission of multidrug-resistant and toxigenic S. aureus in Egypt. This underlines the need for stricter hygienic measures in chicken production in Egypt to minimize the risk of transmission of these strains to consumers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the isolation and molecular characterization of MRSA in retail chicken samples in Egypt.

Staphylococci among Wild European Rabbits from the Azores: A Potential Zoonotic Issue?

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1110-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARIDA SOUSA ◽  
VANESSA SILVA ◽  
ADRIANA SILVA ◽  
NUNO SILVA ◽  
JESSICA RIBEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
European Rabbits

ABSTRACT The prevalence and diversity of Staphylococcus species from wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the Azores were investigated, and the antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of the isolates were determined. Nasal samples from 77 wild European rabbits from São Jorge and São Miguel islands in Azores were examined. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors was determined by PCR. The genetic lineages of S. aureus isolates were characterized by spa typing and multilocus sequence typing. A total of 49 staphylococci were obtained from 35 of the 77 wild rabbits. Both coagulase-positive (8.2%) and coagulase-negative (91.8%) staphylococci were detected: 4 S. aureus, 17 S. fleurettii, 13 S. sciuri, 7 S. xylosus, 4 S. epidermidis, and 1 each of S. simulans, S. saprophyticus, S. succinus, and S. equorum. The four S. aureus isolates showed methicillin susceptibility and were characterized as spa type t272/CC121, Panton-Valentine leukocidin negative, and hlB positive. Most of the coagulase-negative staphylococci showed resistance to fusidic acid and beta-lactams, and multidrug resistance was identified especially among S. epidermidis isolates. The mecA gene was detected in 20 isolates of the species S. fleurettii and S. epidermidis, associated with the blaZ gene in one S. epidermidis isolate. Five antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in one S. epidermidis isolate (mecA,dfrA,dfrG,aac6′-aph2′′, and ant4). Our results highlight that wild rabbits are reservoirs or “temporary hosts” of Staphylococcus species with zoonotic potential, some of them carrying relevant antimicrobial resistances. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus sp. Isolated from Cheeses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Jana Výrostková ◽  
Ivana Regecová ◽  
František Zigo ◽  
Boris Semjon ◽  
Gabriela Gregová
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polymerase Chain

S. aureus and some species of coagulase-negative staphylococci, including S. chromogenes and S. simulans, commonly cause intramammary infections. However, little attention was paid to the antimicrobial resistance of these species with respect to their occurrence in dairy products, for example, popular sheep and goat cheeses made from unpasteurized milk. The aim of this study was to investigate such sheep and goat cheeses for the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of the relevant staphylococci species. The staphylococcal isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction (130 isolates) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The most common species of S. aureus (56 isolates) were identified, as well as S. chromogenes (16 isolates) and S. simulans (10 isolates). Antimicrobial resistance to penicillin, oxacilin, ceftaroline, teicoplanin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline and ofloxacin was subsequently determined in these species using the agar dilution method. The highest resistance was confirmed in all species, especially to penicillin (91%) and erythromycin (67%). The highest sensitivity was confirmed to ofloxacin (83%). Due to the high incidence of penicillin and oxacilin-resistant staphylococci, the mecA gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction, which was confirmed only in S. aureus isolates (19%). Our study shows that the tested strains (77%) were resistant to more than one antibiotic at a time.

scholarly journals Frequency and Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Wild Birds in Spain. Detection of tst-Carrying S. sciuri Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Laura Ruiz-Ripa ◽  
Paula Gómez ◽  
Carla Andrea Alonso ◽  
María Cruz Camacho ◽  
Yolanda Ramiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species from wild birds in Spain, as well as to analyze the antimicrobial resistance phenotype/genotype and the virulence gene content. During 2015–2016, tracheal samples of 242 wild birds were collected in different regions of Spain for staphylococci recovery. The species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF. The antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype was investigated by the disk diffusion method and by PCR, respectively. The presence of the virulence genes lukF/S-PV, tst, eta, etb, etd and scn was investigated by PCR. Moreover, CoNS carrying the mecA gene were subjected to SCCmec typing. Of the tested animals, 60% were CoNS-carriers, and 173 CoNS isolates were recovered from the 146 positive animals, which belonged to 11 species, with predominance of S. sciuri (n = 118) and S. lentus (n = 25). A total of 34% of CoNS isolates showed a multidrug resistance phenotype, and 42 mecA-positive methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS) were detected. The isolates showed resistance to the following antimicrobials (percentage of resistant isolates/antimicrobial resistance genes detected): penicillin (49/ blaZ, mecA), cefoxitin (24/ mecA), erythromycin and/or clindamycin (92/ erm(B), erm(C), erm(43), msr(A), mph(C), lnu(A), lsa(B), vga(A) and sal(A)), gentamicin and/or tobramycin (5/ aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, ant(4′)-Ia), streptomycin (12/str), tetracycline (17/ tet(K), tet(L), tet(M)), ciprofloxacin (4), chloramphenicol (1/ fexA), fusidic acid (86/ fusB, fusD) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (1/ dfrK). None of the isolates harbored the lukF/S-PV, eta, etb, etd and scn genes, but two S. sciuri isolates (1%) carried the tst gene. Wild birds are frequently colonized by CoNS species, especially S. sciuri. We identified scavenging on intensively produced livestock and feeding on landfills as risk factors for CoNS carriage. High proportions of MRCoNS and multidrug resistant CoNS were detected, which coupled with the presence of important virulence genes is of concern.

Resistance to methicillin of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from bovine mastitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bochniarz ◽  
W. Wawron ◽  
M. Szczubiał
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Warneri ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Lactam Ring

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms of staphylococcal resistance to methicillin. CNS (n=100 isolates) were prepared from the mammary inflammatory secretions of 86 cows from farms located in the Lublin region.Methicillin-resistant isolates constituted 20.0% of all CNS. Staphylococcus sciuri (n=8) and Staphylococcus xylosus (n=6) were most abundant, followed by Staphylococcus chromogenes (n=3), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n=2) and Staphylococcus warneri (n=1). The mecA gene was found in 50.0% of MRCNS (10.0% of all CNS isolates) belonging to two species: S. sciuri and S. xylosus. All mecA-positive isolates contained the protein of low affinity to penicillin (penicillin-binding protein 2a - PBP2a). The enzyme hydrolysing the β-lactam ring in antibiotics was detected in 40.0% of MRCNS; 10.0% of MRCNS isolates were characterised by the presence of the mecA gene and ability to produce β-lactamase. The remaining 20.0% of MRCNS isolates showing phenotypic resistance to methicillin were mecA gene-negative and were not able to produce β-lactamase.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Genes of Staphylococci Isolated from Mastitic Cow’s Milk in Kenya

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Christine M. Mbindyo ◽  
George C. Gitao ◽  
Paul Joseph Plummer ◽  
Benard W. Kulohoma ◽  
Charles M. Mulei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance

Increasing numbers of potentially zoonotic multidrug-resistant (MDR) staphylococci strains, associated with mastitis in dairy cows, are being reported globally and threaten disease management in both animal and human health. However, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of these strains, including methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), in Kenya is not well known. This study investigated the drug resistance profiles and genes carried by 183 staphylococci isolates from 142 dairy cows representing 93 farms recovered from mastitis milk of dairy cows in two selected counties in Kenya. Staphylococci isolates were characterized by phenotypic characteristics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, partial sequencing and susceptibility testing for 10 antimicrobial drugs. Detection of seven resistance genes to the various antimicrobial drugs was conducted using PCR. Overall, phenotypic resistance among the staphylococci ranged between 66.1% for ampicillin and 3.5% for fluoroquinolones. Twenty-five percent (25%) of S. aureus and 10.8% of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates, were methicillin-resistant staphylococci phenotypically (defined as resistance to cefoxitin disk diffusion). The most common genes found in S. aureus and CoNS were blaZ and strB at 44.3% and 26%, and 78% and 50%, respectively. MDR was observed in 29.67% and 16.3% of S. aureus and CoNS, respectively. These findings pose a threat to bovine mastitis treatment and management as well as human health.

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