The Unity of the Proposition – The Rise of a Philosophical Problem

Conceptus ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (96) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Bonino

SummaryThe question of the unity of the proposition has recently enjoyed an increasing amount of attention. The paper aims at reconstructing its development and its historical starting points, focusing especially on Bradley’s regress argument, Russell’s concerns about the unity of the proposition and Frege’s notion of unsaturatedness. It is held that a clear view of the central issue (how one can distinguish between a complex composed out of other entities and the aggregate of its constituents) has only recently been isolated from some more peripheral questions, such as that of internal vs. external relations or the realism-nominalism debate, which for a long time were almost inextricably interwoven with it.

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK THADDEUS JACKSON

AbstractWhile the recent proliferation in philosophical discussions in International Relations indicates a welcome increase in the discipline’s conceptual sophistication, a central issue has gone relatively unremarked: the question of how to understand the relationship between scholarly observers and their observed objects. This classical philosophical problem has a number of implications for the conduct of inquiry in the discipline, and raises particular challenges for the status of knowledge-claims advanced by constructivists. I clarify these issues and challenges by distinguishing between ‘dualist’ and ‘monist’ ontological standpoints, in the hope of provoking a more focused philosophical discussion.


2008 ◽  
pp. 249-264
Author(s):  
Holger Leerhoff

In this paper, I will give a presentation of Bradley's two main arguments against the reality of relations. Whereas one of his arguments is highly specific to Bradley's metaphysical background, his famous regress argument seems to pose a serious threat not only for ontological pluralism, but especially for states of affairs as an ontological category. Amongst the proponents of states-of-affairs ontologies two groups can be distinguished: One group holds states of affairs to be complexes consisting of their particular and universal constituents alone, the other holds that there has to be a "unifying relation" of some sort to establish the unity of a given state of affairs. Bradley's regress is often conceived to be a compelling argument against the first and for the latter. I will argue that the latter approaches have no real advantage over the simpler theories—neither in the light of Bradley's regress nor in other respects.


2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Wardani Wardani

<p><strong>Abstract<em>: </em></strong><em>The issue on universality and particularity of Quranic teachings becomes a central issue which has triggered serious debate among Moslem scholars since the  Qur’an, as a scripture, embodies God’s speech whose doctrines have been intended as trans-historical teachings going beyond time and space. In addition, it was revealed gradually based on the events and circumstances to respond the the social problems happening during the periods of prophecy. This article is aimed to explore some Moslem scholars on the issues of (1) identifying the ways of  Qur’an in acculturation </em><em>vis-à</em><em>-vis Arab tradition, (2) studying on to what extent the Quranic exegeses in Indonesia have absorbed local traditions, and (3) analyzing the modes of interaction between the Qur’an and culture. The divinity of teachings in the qu’ran did not mean that it would lose the historical nature of its contents to a certain extent, since it had been revealed for a long time in the Arabian peninsula. In Indonesia, such acculturation also emerged when some authors of Quranic exegeses, such as Bakri Syahid in his Tafsir al-Huda, used local wisdom to interpret the Qur’an, for instance, the atribution of “pepundhen” (originally means: sacred place) to God. The interaction between the Qur’an and culture could be seen from acculturation of the Qur’an resulting in the so-called “cultural Qur’an”, and from Islamization of culture resulting in the so-called “Quranic culture”. </em></p><p dir="RTL"><strong>ال</strong><strong>ملخص:</strong> مازالت شمولية وإقليمية تعاليم القرآن قضية جدلية أحدثت جدلا جديا بين علماء المسلمين، إذ أن القرآن ككتاب مقدس يحتوى على كلام الرب الذى كانت تعاليمه تراد أن تكون صالحة عبر التاريخ خلال الزمان و المكان، مع أنه منزل فى ظروف معينة استجابة لروح مقتضيات الزمان. وهذه المقالة تهدف إلى كشف آراء علماء المسلمين عن هذه القضية، وإلى كشف مناهج القرآن فى التثقف عند مواجهة عادات العرب، وإلى البحث عن مدى ما وصل إليه تفاسير القرآن فى إندونيسيا فى استيعاب العادات الإقليمية، و أخيرا إلى تحليل طرائق التعامل بين القرآن والثقافة. ووصلت هذه الدراسة إلى نتيجة أن شمولية القرآن تتعلق بالقيم والقواعد التى تندرج تحتها كل أحكامه الجزئية، كالعدالة والتوسط، وهما عمادا تعاليم الإسلام. و قداسة القرآن لا تعنى غياب شخصيته التاريخية إلى حد معين، إذ أنه منزل زمانا طويلا فى جزيرة العرب.  وتتمثل تاريخيته من  تعاليمه التى تظهر من خلالها كأنها تفاوض عادات العرب، كالتجارة واحترام الأشهر الحرم،  فغاية القرآن لتحويل عادة جعلته يرشح قيما تكون أسسا لأحكام، بطريق  رفض عادة أو إعادة تكوينها. وظهر مثل هذا التثقف أيضا فى إندونيسيا عند ما كان مفسرو القرآن الإندونيسيون، مثل بكري شهيد من خلال كتابه "تفسير الهدى"، يستخدمون الحكمة الإقليمية فى تفسير القرآن، كوصف الرب بفوفوندين <em>pepundhen</em> (تعنى لغة: المكان المقدس). </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong><em>: Permasalahan seputar universalitas dan partikularitas al-Qur'an menjadi isu sentral yang telah memicu perdebatan serius di kalangan sarjana muslim karena al-Qur'an, sebagai kitab suci, melampaui waktu dan ruang. Selain itu, ia merespon masalah-masalah sosial yang terjadi selama periode kenabian. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi beberapa persoalan mengenai (1) identifikasi akulturasi al-Qur'an dengan tradisi Arab, (2) studi terhadap  tafsir al-Quran di Indonesia yang menyerap tradisi lokal, dan (3) analisis terhadap bentuk-bentuk interaksi Qur'an dan kultur. Keilahian ajaran al-Qur'an tidak berarti bahwa isi al-Qur'an kehilangan sifat historisnya karena ia diwahyukan untuk waktu yang lama di jazirah Arab. Historisitasnya tercermin dalam beberapa doktrin yang telah dinegosiasikan dengan tradisi Arab. Tujuan utamanya untuk mengubah setiap tradisi yang ada dengan menyisipkan nilai yang mendasari segala bentuk aturan atau merekonstruksi tradisi. Di Indonesia, akulturasi tersebut juga muncul ketika beberapa penulis tafsir al-Qur’an, seperti Bakri Syahid dalam bukunya Tafsir al-Huda, menggunakan kearifan lokal untuk menafsirkan al-Qur'an, misalnya, penisbatan "pepundhen" (awalnya berarti: tempat suci ) kepada Allah. Interaksi antara al-Qur'an dan budaya dapat dilihat dari akulturasi al-Qur'an sehingga disebut "al-Qur'an kultural", dan dari Islamisasi budaya menghasilkan apa yang disebut "kultur Qur'ani".</em></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>universalitas, kearifan lokal, enkulturasi, al-Qur'an kultural, kultur Qur'ani</p>


Subject Tunisia's foreign ties. Significance Following the ousting of Tunisia’s long-time dictator, Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, in 2011, there were expectations that the West would help the country transition to a democratic state. However, Tunisia has been overshadowed by other emergencies, including Syria, Libya, migration flows and the euro-area crisis. Impacts External relations will be focused on security, setting aside urgent reforms in socio-economic sectors. Internal challenges, such as corruption, will undermine Tunisian democratisation process. This will perpetuate domestic anger and disillusionment with democratic processes. The EU may take some steps towards local and micro-financing projects. However, economic challenges of key partners such as Italy and bureaucratic Tunisian agencies could stifle those.


BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S335-S336
Author(s):  
Madhumanti Mitra ◽  
Katherine Hayden

AimsThe aim of this project would be to understand about the pros and cons/ benefits and risks of using a centralised model of ECT (currently being followed due to COVID restrictions) rather than a decentralised model of ECT (which has been the norm for a long time). A comparative account of both types of systems would help identify whether it could be implemented in Pennine Care and the results could be potentially transferable to other similar settings.MethodAn online survey was undertaken from staff members working in Pennine Care who have been involved in ECT delivery and management. The survey was undertaken between 07/12/2020 and 11/01/2021 and included questions relating to pre-COVID ECT (June 2019 to February 2020) and during-COVID ECT (March 2020 to November 2020). Questions were around travel of staff/patients for ECT, whether they had a preference for a model and their reasons around it. Data were summarised in MS Excel and free text comments analysed to gain an understanding of staff's preferences and reasoning behind their choices.ResultAlthough some boroughs had patients attending from other boroughs in pre-COVID times, considerably more staff (53.85%) and patients (61.54%) had to travel for ECT during COVID times. Around 50% staff expressed a clear view for decentralised services; the common reasons being safer for patients, better continuity of care, less travelling issues, patients more likely to consent, easier to manage correct paperwork, easier to send staff who knows patients well, less driving for staff and likely less cancellations. Around 40% staff expressed a clear view for centralised services; the common reasons being less staff needed, better infection control, easier to maintain staff skills, efficiency, developing clinical expertise with larger number of cases, education opportunities, better set-up of clinics, transportation and accessibility. Some concerns raised for the centralised model were managing patients with complex anaesthesia, travelling for unwell/ disturbed patients, too high patient numbers, poor communication and impact on training.ConclusionIn summary, there was a mixed view of which services are preferable. Further discussion in trust wide ECT forum will be helpful to move things forward. Although it is likely that services may shift from a decentralised to a centralised system, we need to ensure this is done safely and in particular, address the main concerns around centralisation.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Juniar Laraswanda Umagapi

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article tries to elaborate the impact for the cooperation between ASEAN-Russia in economic and political security. How the ways to increase their bilateral relations and bring positive impacts for both countries. ASEAN is often regarded as the paragon case of successful regional security cooperation and attributes its achievement to economy, social—cultural and political-security. In the recent years, ASEAN try to create many external relations with another country and Russia is one of them. ASEAN want to make a mutual relationship with others and solve the regional issue happen in many countries. Economy and political security will be the main issue for this cooperation. ASEAN and Russia start their bilateral relation for a long time ago but economic relations like trade is still low but they try hard to progress. After ASEAN summit 2016 in Sochi, Russia on 19-21 May a lot of agreement have been signed and people looking forward for the impact of this partnership.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: ASEAN; strategic partnership; security; economy; political; ASEAN-Russia Summit 2016; sochi</p><p align="center"><em><strong>Abstrak</strong></em></p><p><em>Artikel ini mencoba untuk menguraikan dampak kerjasama antara ASEAN-Rusia dalam bidang keamanan ,ekonomi dan politik. Bagaimana cara meningkatkan hubungan bilateral antar kedua negara dan membawa dampak positif bagi kedua negara. ASEAN sering dianggap sebagai kasus paragon dari suksesnya kerjasama keamanan regional dan memberikan kontribusi prestasinya di bidang ekonomi, sosial budaya dan keamanan politik. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, ASEAN mencoba menciptakan banyak hubungan eksternal dengan negara lain dan Rusia adalah salah satunya. ASEAN ingin menjalin hubungan timbal balik dengan negara-negara lain dan memecahkan masalah regional yang terjadi di banyak negara. Ekonomi dan keamanan politik akan menjadi isu utama untuk kerja sama ini. ASEAN dan Rusia memulai hubungan bilateral mereka untuk waktu yang lama namun hubungan ekonomi seperti perdagangan masih rendah karena itu mereka berusaha keras untuk berkembang. Setelah KTT ASEAN 2016 di Sochi, Rusia pada tanggal 19-21 Mei banyak kesepakatan telah ditandatangani dan banyak pihak menantikan dampak dari kemitraan ini.</em></p><p><em><strong>Kata Kunci</strong></em><em>: ASEAN; kemitraan strategis; keamanan; ekonomi: politik; KTT ASEAN-Rusia 2016; sochi</em></p>


Author(s):  
Pascal Collet ◽  
Nicolas Vaucquelin ◽  
Arnaud Bury

The paper describes the way a large pre-stressed concrete Floating Production Unit (FPU) located offshore Congo on N’KOSSA field has been inspected and assessed in order to meet both Bureau Veritas Class and Floating Units Integrity Management System (FUIMS) requirements. This FPU is the largest existing pre-stressed concrete barge. She was built with high performance concrete, installed offshore in 1996 in 170 m water depth. She has now accumulated 18 years of production. A significant part of the methodology is based on close inspection for the concrete structure, a graphic assessment of the defects and an implementation of monitoring. This assessment is done a long time after construction and we had to cope with difficulties relative to the structure size, loss of data, barge in operations off-shore. It gives a good feedback of what we should implement during the design and the construction to keep a clear view of the concrete barge integrity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Rohayu Roddin ◽  
Yusmarwati Yusof ◽  
Marina Ibrahim Mukhtar ◽  
Khairul Hisyam Kamarudin ◽  
Tun Ili Ayuni Ahmad Hariri

The problem of poverty is a major problem that has plagued the Orang Asli community since a long time ago. The tourism sector is seen as a sector that can contribute income to this group without having to spend large capital. The role of women in the process of community development is seen as a holistic solution where they could be able to contribute to the progress and development of society and the country. Through the tourism sector, women from the community Orang Asli are able to market their products, skills, and abilities through the production of handicrafts and cultural performances. The study was conducted qualitatively by focusing on women from the Mah Meri tribe in Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Carey Island, Selangor. This location was chosen because the expansion, provision of facilities, and centralization of tourism activities are widely implemented here. The selected respondents are those who have been actively involved in the production of handicrafts and cultural activities. The findings of the study show that the tourism sector is able to bring significant changes where the women of the Mah Meri can increase their income compared to before joining the tourism sector. Through this study, it is hoped to provide a clear view of the role of the tourism sector in increasing the income of Orang Asli women.


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