scholarly journals Experimental Paper. Intrapopulation variability of flavonoid content in roots of Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kosakowska
Keyword(s):  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Oroxylin A ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

SummaryIntroduction: Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) is an important medicinal plant, indigenous to Asia. Due to a wide range of pharmacological activities, its roots has been used for ages in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Recently, the species has become an object of interest of Western medicine, as well. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the variability of Baikal skullcap population originated from Mongolia and cultivated in Poland, in terms of content and composition of flavonoids in the roots. Methods: The objects of the study were 15 individual plants, selected within examined population and cloned in order to obtain a sufficient amount of raw material. The total content of flavonoids in roots was determined according to Polish Pharmacopeia 6th. The qualitative analysis of flavonoids was carried out using HPLC, Shimadzu chromatograph. Results: The dry mass of roots ranged from 25.88 to 56.14 g × plant-1. The total content of flavonoids (expressed as a quercetin equivalent) varied between 0.17 and 0.52% dry matter (DM). Nine compounds were detected within the group, with oroxylin A 7-Oglucuronide (346.90-1063.00 mg × 100 g-1DM) as a dominant, which differentiated investigated clones at the highest degree (CV=0.27). Baicalin (391.40-942.00 mg × 100 g-1DM), wogonoside (324.00-641.10 mg × 100 g-1DM) and hesperetine 7-O-glucoside (163.00-346.32 mg × 100 g-1DM) were also present in a considerable amounts. Clone 7 was distinguished by the highest content of all investigated compounds, except wogonin and oroxylin A 7-O-glucuronide. Conclusions: Results obtained in present study show a high variability within Baical skullcap investigated population in respect of flavonoid compounds detected in roots. Thus, the results may be used in future investigations concerning the selection and breeding of this species.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION, ISOLATION OF ACTIVE PRINCIPLES, ANTI-BACTERIAL AND WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF THE MARINE ALGAL SPECIES OEDOGONIUM GLOBOSUM AND OEDOGONIUM INTERMEDIUM

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
KARPAKAVALLI MEENAKSHISUNDARAM ◽  
PRAKASH GOVINDARAJ ◽  
SIVASUBRAMANIAM P. ◽  
RANJITHKUMAR DHANARAJ ◽  
MOHAN SELLAPPAN
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

Objective: Algae is the undisputed treasures of the sea and are a valuable raw material, providing unlimited opportunities for new drug discoveries. Marine algal products are in demand in the international market in the form of standardized algal extracts or semi-finished products. Methods: Aqueous and methanolic extracts of Oedogonium globosum and Oedogonium intermedium species were obtained maceration and hot percolation. The active principles from O. intermedium were isolated, purified by column chromatography, and characterized by spectral studies IR, λmax, 1HNMR and MS. The extracts of Oedogonium species were screened for their anti-microbial effects, acute dermal irritation and wound-healing activity studies. Results: Comparing to Oedogonium intermedium (45 %, 90 %, 87 %), very low extractive yields were obtained for Oedogonium globosum (10.80 %, 37 %, 28 %). At phytochemical screening, Terpenoids, Flavanoids and, Glycans were found to be present in a significant amount and upon their isolation, it was found that a collection of fractions from cold extract with Rf value in the range 0.32-0.34 as Glycans and those from the hot extract with 0.40-0.72 as Flavanoids and those from methanolic extracts with 0.23, 0.44 and 0.71 as for Terpenoids. Anti-bacterial study revealed out the fact of Oedogonium species could give higher inhibition to gram-positive than for gram-negative bacteria at (10 μg/10μl/disc) concentration. No symptoms of systemic toxicity and mortality were observed. Silver sulfadiazine, more potent in wound closure, the effect of methanolic extracts of O. intermedium (87 %) was almost at par to the standard (95 %) in action and significantly greater than O. globosum (72 %, P<0.05). Conclusion: Admittedly, Oedogonium type algal species can be known as medicinal algae with a plethora of a wide range of pharmacological activities. Thus, this research work may be considered further for extensive innovative discoveries of new lead molecules and any other pharmacological activities, in the future.

scholarly journals Effect of biostimulant application on production and flavonoid content of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Pupo de Oliveira Machado ◽  
Ana Claudia Pacheco ◽  
Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

The production of medicinal plants as raw material for industry must associate quality with biomass formation and, with this purpose, the application of plant growth regulators has been studied in these crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a biostimulant on growth, inflorescence production and flavonoid content in marigold. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and the treatments consisted of increasing doses of the biostimulant (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mL L-1) applied by foliar spraying in ten consecutive applications. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and ten repetitions. The number of leaves and flowerheads and dry matter of roots increased linearly with increasing doses of the growth promoter, with 20%, 36.97% and 97.28% increases, respectively, compared with the control. The total dry mass and shoot dry mass showed maximum values at the highest dose tested of 15 mL L-1 (with increases of 40.09% and 46.30%, respectively). Plant height and flavonoid content reached the highest values at a dose of 6 mL L-1. The biostimulant promoted the development of marigold and positively influenced the synthesis of the secondary compound of medicinal interest. Among the tested doses, the application of rates between 6 and 9 mL L-1 of the biostimulant is recommended for more efficient large-scale production of marigold.

scholarly journals Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis as a Replacement for Conventional Organic Solvents

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Wouter Oomen ◽  
Paloma Begines ◽  
Natali Rianika Mustafa ◽  
Erica G. Wilson ◽  
Robert Verpoorte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Oroxylin A ◽  
Flavonoid Aglycones ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Wide Range

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are a type of ionic liquid (IL) or deep eutectic solvent (DES), the ingredients of which are exclusively natural products (non-toxic and environmentally friendly). Here, we explore the potential of NADES as an alternative to conventional organic solvents (e.g., aqueous methanol or ethanol) for the extraction of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis stem bark to investigate their extractability depending on structural variation. Four NADES, each containing citric acid in combination with β-alanine, glucose, xylitol, or proline (at a molar ratio of 1:1), and a variable amount of water, were used to extract the flavonoid aglycones: baicalein (1), scutellarein (3), wogonin (5), and oroxylin A (7), and their glycosides, baicalin (2), scutellarin (4), wogonoside (6) and oroxyloside (8) from the powdered bark of S. baicalensis. The chemical profile and yield of the extracts were determined using HPTLC and HPLC. The extractability of individual flavonoids was found to be influenced by the concentration of water (20–60%, w/w) in the NADES. Among the tested flavonoids, the extraction yield of baicalein (1), scutellarein (3), wogonin (5), oroxylin A (7) with NADES was 2 to 6 times that of aqueous methanol. However, the amount of their corresponding glycosides (baicalin (2), wogonoside (6) and oroxyloside (8)) extracted with NADES was only 1.5–1.8 times higher than with aqueous methanol. Interestingly, the more hydrophilic glycosides were less extracted than their corresponding aglycones despite the high hydrophilicity of the NADES. These results prove that NADES may be used for extraction of compounds with a wide range of hydrophilicity.

scholarly journals STUDY OF BAICALIN HYDROLYSIS KINETICS IN THE PROCESS OF ITS EXTRACTION FROM SCUTELLARIA BAICALENSIS GEORGI ROOTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
N. N. Boyko ◽  
D. I. Pisarev ◽  
E. T. Zhilyakova ◽  
A. Yu. Maljutina ◽  
O. O. Novikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Hydrolysis Kinetics ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽  
Analytical Wavelength ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Method Of Extraction

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of baicalin hydrolysis in the process of its extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots.Materials and methods. For the studies, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots with a particle range of 0.1–0.5 mm were used. The method of extraction was a simple maceration during a specified period of time, the ratio of plant raw material : extractant was 1:10 w/v at the temperature of 24±1°С. Baicalin and baicalein contents were analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) at the analytical wavelength of 275 nm. The extractant was a water solution of ethanol 26, 43, 59, 72, 81, 97±1% v/v. The time of the extraction was from 1 to 24 hours.Results. The experimental points of dependency of baicalin concentration in the extract on the time of extraction for ethanol solutions with a concentration of 43 and 72% v/v are closely approximated by a linear equation in coordinates lnC=f(t). The value of determination coefficient is more than R²˃0,99. Half lifetime for baicalin has been calculated: for ethanol with the concentration of 43% v/v it is 4.3±0.7 hours, and for ethanol with the concentration of 72% v/v it is 42.3±1.8 hours.Conclusion. Baicalin hydrolysis kinetics in the process of its extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots with 43 and 72% v/v ethanol concentration. has been studied. It has been established that the process of baicalin hydrolysis is well described by the first order kinetic equation. The constants of baicalin hydrolysis during its extraction from Scutelaria baicalensis roots with ethanol having different concentrations have been calculated. Recommendations on technology optimization for baicalin or baicalein extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots have been given. 

scholarly journals PLANT PROFILE, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF SPATHODEA CAMPANULATA P. BEAUVAIS (AFRICAN TULIP TREE): A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita S. Wagh ◽  
Santosh R. Butle
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant ◽  
Different Parts

Plants have been used as one of the important source for treating various diseases of human beings since ancient times. Numbers of plants are mentioned in different traditional system of medicine, among them Spathodea campanulata P. Beauvais is one of the important medicinal plant. Different parts of Spathodea campanulata such as flowers, leaves, stem, bark and roots have been reported for possessing anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cytotoxic, anti-diabetic and anticonvulsant activity. Phytochemical screening shows the presence of various secondary metabolites like alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides and sterols. Relevant information and literature on Spathodea campanulata from electronic databases such as Academic Journals, Google, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Web of Science were collected and analyzed. Available literatures evidently show that Spathodea campanulata possess a wide range of pharmacological activities that could be explained by the presence of variety of phytochemicals. The aim of the present review to provide detailed information regarding geographical distribution, phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of this plant.

scholarly journals Content of microorganisms in cereal straw

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Souček Jiří
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Excessive Amount ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Straw Quality ◽  
Microbiological Agents

Straw is an important agricultural raw material with application in agriculture, energy sector and other fields of activity. A major impact on reduction of the straw quality is that of an excessive content of microbiological agents caused by improper storage. By simulation of different conditions of storage the development of microorganisms (moulds and yeasts) was determined in the straw of wheat under different water content. Total content of microorganisms varied in a wide range from 10<sup>3 </sup>up to 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g. The excessive amount of these microorganisms results not only in a reduction in the quality of raw material due to the development of biodegradable processes, but also causes an increase of hygienic risks in the nearby area.

scholarly journals A draft reference genome sequence for Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Meng-Ying Cui ◽  
Yuming Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Reference Genome Sequence ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

AbstractScutellaria baicalensis Georgi is an important medicinal plant used worldwide. Information about the genome of this species is important for scientists studying the metabolic pathways that synthesise the bioactive compounds in this plant. Here, we report a draft reference genome sequence for S. baicalensis obtained by a combination of Illumina and PacBio sequencing, which was assembled using 10 X Genomics and Hi-C technologies. We assembled 386.63 Mb of the 408.14 Mb genome, amounting to about 94.73% of the total genome size, and the sequences were anchored onto 9 pseudochromosomes with a super-N50 of 33.2 Mb. The reference genome sequence of S. baicalensis offers an important foundation for understanding the biosynthetic pathways for bioactive compounds in this medicinal plant and for its improvement through molecular breeding.

scholarly journals Distribution of triterpene acids and their derivatives in organs of cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) plant.

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Szakiel ◽  
Agnieszka Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Triterpene Acids ◽  
Divergence Of Opinion ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
First Time

Wild berries of the genus Vaccinium have become increasingly popular in human health promotion due to their nutritional and medicinal properties. Some striking divergence of opinion about the content of triterpenoids in these plants still exists, meanwhile, this very large class of natural isoprenoids exhibits a wide range of biological activities and hence is of growing research interest. An investigation of triterpenoidal constituents from the cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) plant led to the isolation of two isomeric acids: oleanolic and ursolic and the occurrence of their derivatives in this plant was demonstrated for the first time. Free triterpene acids as well as small amounts of their bound forms (presumable glycosides and glycoside esters) occur in fruits and the vegetative part of the plant, however, in various amounts and different ratios. The total content of both acids was the highest in organs regarded as traditional herbal resources, namely fruits and leaves (1 and 0.6% of dry mass, respectively), whereas it was markedly lower in stems and rhizomes. However, the rhizomes were in turn the plant organ containing relatively the highest amount of the bound forms of both acids (0.01% of dry mass). Ursolic acid was dominant in the whole plant, but the ratio of oleanolic to ursolic acid was significantly different in individual organs, decreasing from the upper (fruits 1:2.4, leaves 1:2) to the lower (stems 1:3.5, rhizomes 1:5.2) parts of the plant. This pattern of distribution of triterpenoids in the plant may have an important physiological and ecological meaning.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the mineral and acid composition of Verbascum thapsus and Verbascum marschallianum

2017 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Manshuk Nykmukanova ◽  
Assemgul Turalyeva ◽  
Balakyz Yeskaliyeva ◽  
Gaukhar Burasheva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Verbascum Thapsus ◽  
Wide Range

Results of the study of the chemical composition of aerial parts of two plant species - Verbascum thapsus and Verbascum marschallianum of the Scrophulariaceae family collected during the fruiting period in the Altai region of Kazakhstan are presented in the article. The quantitative and qualitative composition of biologically active substances was determined. Samples of Verbascum thapsus, contain 0.63% alkaloids, 0.43% saponins, 0.15% organic acids, 2.30% tannins, 1.07% flavonoids, 0.43% coumarins and 1.62% iridoids. Samples of Verbascum marschallianum contain 0.69% alkaloids, 0.50% saponins, 0.65% organic acids, 1.02% tannins, 1.45% flavonoids, 0.96% coumarins, 2.29% iridoids. The variety of biologically active compounds present in the studied plant species results in a wide range of biological activity. A comparative analysis of the mineral, amino and fatty acid composition of plants Verbascum thapsus and Verbascum marschallianum was carried out. The total content of free amino acids was 83.86-85.84%. Analysis of the mineral composition showed the presence of 11 mineral elements: K, Na, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Ni, Mn, which allows us to recommend the studied plants as a raw material rich in macro- and microelements.

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