Subjective social status and its relationship to health and health behavior: comparing two different scales in university students

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Diehl ◽  
Jens Hoebel ◽  
Diana Sonntag ◽  
Jennifer Hilger
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Individual Study ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Study Context ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Little is known about the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health in late adolescence. As it is difficult to measure SES in this age group directly, we used two subjective social status (SSS) scales with different reference groups for social comparison in the relatively homogeneous group of university students and analyzed the relationship with health and health behaviors. Methods We used two 10-rung ladders, a societal and a university one, to measure SSS in students (n = 689, 16–29 years). We compared the scales’ ratings and analyzed relationships with sociodemographic factors, health outcomes and behaviors. Results On average, students rated their individual SSS higher on the university scale (6.87) than on the societal one (6.41). Regarding health outcomes and behaviors, we found similar results for both scales, while sociodemographic variables were more likely to be associated with the societal scale. Conclusion SSS seems to be a useful measure besides the objective SES. Our data suggest that both SSS scales are helpful in the framework of health inequality but differ slightly in what they measure. More detailed research may help to determine which scale is appropriate for individual study context.

scholarly journals New study practices. Survey on the use of new and old technologies among university students

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (77) ◽  
pp. 59-77
Author(s):  
Ilaria Marchionne ◽  
Rudi Bartolini ◽  
Taisa Rodrigues Dantas
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Narrative Inquiry ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
University Environment ◽  
Inquiry Process ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Communication Methods

ABSTRACT In a context of “widespread communication”, supported by new tools and work environments, study practices also change, profoundly transforming students’ habits and behaviors. The research in question intends to investigate and describe, through a narrative inquiry process, the study practices of university students, making reference to the integrated use they make of old and new modes of communication, of traditional texts and of digital platforms and tools among the most famous and widespread. The research focuses in particular on the relationship that, through the new tools, is established between the student and the teacher, between the student and colleagues and between the student and the study texts. The analysis aimed at describing new habits, will try to demarcate advantages and difficulties related to the use of digital and to analyze, specifically, how the use of new communication methods or new forms of textuality can favor or inhibit communication within the university environment.

scholarly journals Assessment of Ambivalent Sexism in University Students in Colombia and Spain: A Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Aura Yolima Rodríguez-Burbano ◽  
Isabel Cepeda ◽  
Ana Magdalena Vargas-Martínez ◽  
Rocío De-Diego-Cordero
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
The University

(1) Background: Gender-based violence has no geographical, personal, or social boundaries. It constitutes a serious public health problem that affects the entire society. This research aims to identify and compare the level of ambivalent sexism in Spanish and Colombian university students and its relationship with sociodemographic factors. Ambivalent sexism, developed by Glick and Fiske (1996), is considered a new type of sexism since, for the first time, it combines negative and positive feelings that give rise to hostile and benevolent sexism, maintaining the subordination of women through punishment and rewards. (2) Methods: The methodology consisted of the application of the validated Spanish version of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) to a sample of 374 students in their final academic year of the Law program, of which 21.7% were students at the University of Santander (Bucaramanga, Colombia), 45.5% at the University Rey Juan Carlos (Madrid, Spain), and the remaining 32.9% at the University of Seville (Seville, Spain). (3) Results: A high level of ambivalent sexism is reported in Colombian students nowadays. In the two countries. there are similarities (e.g., the great weight of religion and the variation in attitudes towards sexism in people who identify themselves as women, compared to male or students consulted that prefer not to answer) and differences (e.g., absence in Colombia of gender-specific legislation, low number of students who have received gender education in Spain). (4) Conclusions: These findings may contribute to the construction of laws that take into account the particular problems of women and the development of educational programs on gender that are offered in a transversal and permanent way and that take into account cultural factors and equity between men and women as an essential element in the training of future judges who have the legal responsibility to protect those who report gender violence.

scholarly journals Relações com o saber, com o ensinar e com a aprendizagem em um projeto de formação inicial de professores de matemática no Brasil Relations with the knowledge, teaching and learning in a initial training Project of mathematic teachers in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Fogaça Carvalho ◽  
Marinez Meneghello Passos ◽  
Sergio De Mello Arruda ◽  
Angela Marta Pereira das Dores Savioli
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Analytical Instrument ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
School Students ◽  
Training Project ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

ResumoNeste artigo analisamos as relações com o saber, com o ensinar e com o aprender em atividades desenvolvidas em um subprojeto de Matemática no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). Os dados consistiram no registro das ações realizadas em sala de aula por um supervisor (professor), seis estudantes da licenciatura em Matemática e alunos do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Para a interpretação dos dados foi utilizado um instrumento que possibilita evidenciar as relações com o saber na sala de aula denominado Matriz 3x3. As análises revelaram implicações da ação do supervisor na ação tanto dos estudantes universitários quanto dos alunos da escola e, consequentemente, nas relações que estes estabeleceram com o saber, o ensinar e o aprender.AbstractIn this article we analyze the relationship with knowledge, with teaching and with learning in activities developed in a subproject of Mathematics in the Institutional Program of Initiation to Teaching (PIBID). The data consisted of the registration of actions carried out in the classroom by a supervisor (teacher), six undergraduate students in Mathematics and students of the Elementary School of a public school in the state of Paraná, Brazil. For the interpretation of the data we used an analytical instrument called Matrix 3x3. The analyses revealed the implications of the supervisor's action on the actions of the university students and of the school students and consequently on the relationships they established with knowledge, teaching and learning.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COTININE LEVEL IN URINE AND VITAMIN D IN THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Ayse Berivan Bakan ◽  
Naim Uzun ◽  
Senay Karadag Arli ◽  
Metin Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
University Students ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cotinine Level ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is today acknowledged as a pandemic. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are associated with many chronic diseases, including common cancers, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and infectious and autoimmune diseases.Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the cotinine level in urine and Vitamin D.Methods: This study employed a descriptive and relational screening design.  It was conducted with 74 smoking university students between January 2019 and March 2020. Data were collected through socio-demographic form and Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. Besides, the participating students’ blood and urine samples were taken in a suitable environment.Results: The average age of the participating students was 21.50±2.09. Of all the students, 71.6% were males, 62.2% were exposed to the sun between 12 p.m. and 2 p.m., and the average number of cigarettes smoked daily was 13.52±8.22. The average Vitamin D level in blood was 32.4±15.3 (ng/mL), and the average cotinine level in urine was 1.60 ± .32 (ng/L). No statistically significant relationships were found between the Vitamin D level and the cotinine level (p<0.05).Conclusion: Smoking causes diseases and death in many people, and it is a changeable risk factor.  Nursing practices on the struggle against smoking are effective. No significant relationships were found between the Vitamin D level in blood and cotinine level in urine. Similar studies are recommended to be conducted with larger groups and participants from different age groups.

scholarly journals University Students’ Perception of Transformational Leadership of the University President in Korea: The Role of Students’ Personality, Affect, and Affective Commitment to the University

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-184
Author(s):  
Boram Do ◽  
Seung-Yoon Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
University Students ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
University President ◽  
University Leadership ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores how university students’ personality and positive or negative affect influence their perception of transformational leadership of the university president. It further examines how the level of students’ affective commitment to the university moderates the relationship. Survey data were collected from 141 undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in a large public university in South Korea. The students answered survey questions to measure their big-five personalities, positive and negative affect, affective commitment to the university, and their perception of the university president’s transformational leadership. The results of hierarchical regression analyses show that (a) students’ positive affect is positively related to their perception of the university president’s transformational leadership, after controlling for the effect of the students’ personality and that (b) students’ affective commitment to the university moderates the relationship between negative affect and perception of transformational leadership of the university president. This study sheds light on the dynamic, reciprocal process of the social construction of university leadership with an emphasis on students’ affective state and personality traits as critical factors in understanding distant leadership.

The role of executive functions in academic performance and behaviour of university students

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-455
Author(s):  
Carlos Ramos-Galarza ◽  
Pamela Acosta-Rodas ◽  
Mónica Bolaños-Pasquel ◽  
Nancy Lepe-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is fourfold: first, to analyse the relationship between executive functions and academic performance; second, to identify the level of prediction executive functions have on academic performance; third, to determine the correlation between executive functions and academic performance; and fourth, to compare executive functions based on the level of academic performance. Design/methodology/approach The sample composed of 175 university students aged between 18 and 36 years (M=21.49, SD=3.22). The EFECO scale, the average student grade and a scale based on the diagnostic criteria for ADHD were used as measurement instruments. Findings Difficulties in executive functions: Difficulties in working memory (r=−0.30, p=<0.01) and difficulties in conscious supervision of behaviour (r=−0.29, p⩽0.01) have an inversely proportional relationship to academic performance (the greater the deficit of executive functions, the lower the academic performance). The regression analysis showed that executive functions explain 31 per cent of the variance of academic performance (χ2(25)=43.81, p <0.001). The study found that there is a relationship between all the executive functions and students’ behaviour in a medium to large magnitude. Research limitations/implications A limitation of this study was the size of the sample as it is not representative of the country. Nevertheless, the correlation among the variables studied here has the necessary magnitude for the proposed correlations to be found. Nonetheless, it is necessary that we perform a study with a larger number of participants in order to achieve adequate extrapolation of the results. Practical implications Data found in this study suggest that low academic performance of university students is related to a lower functionality of their executive functions. Originality/value The originality of the research lies in relating specific concepts of neuropsychology to explain the academic performance of university students. The research findings allow us to project new studies to improve the executive functions for the benefit of the university student.

Fostering positive adjustment behaviour: Social connectedness, achievement motivation and emotional-social learning among male and female university students

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fared Jdaitawi Turki ◽  
Malek Jdaitawi ◽  
Hani Sheta
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
University Students ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Student Adjustment ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
University Environment ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although some attention has been given to student issues at university, the literature on the relationship between social connectedness, achievement motivation and emotional-social learning with student adjustment is relatively limited. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of social connectedness, achievement motivation and emotional-social learning upon the adjustment of students in a university context. In addition, this study looks into the differences in achievement motivation and emotional-social learning levels between the genders. The sample comprised 240 university students, both male and female. According to the findings, the relationship between the study variables does not significantly differ between genders. Emotional-social learning is significant in terms of predicting the adjustment. Furthermore, gender differences were noted in terms of emotional-social learning levels, but not in terms of achievement motivation and social connectedness. The study explores implications of the significance of emotional-social learning in the university environment and makes recommendations in light of these implications.

Deviance or Normalcy? The Relationship Among Paraphilic Thoughts and Behaviors, Hypersexuality, and Psychopathology in a Sample of University Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1322-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Castellini ◽  
Alessandra H. Rellini ◽  
Cristina Appignanesi ◽  
Irene Pinucci ◽  
Matteo Fattorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship

Socioeconomic Disparities in Cancer Incidence and Mortality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candyce Kroenke ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
The Past ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cancer is complex, dynamic, and evolving. Associations depend on SES measures, cancer type, sociodemographic factors including race/ethnicity, and historical trends. However, socioeconomic disadvantage is often associated with a higher risk of cancer, particularly cancers diagnosed at a late stage, as well as worse prognosis once diagnosed. Research on secular trends over the past 70 years has shown reversals of the socioeconomic gradient for lung and colorectal cancer consistent with differential trends by SES in patterns of smoking, diet, and obesity. Rates of these cancers are now currently higher in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. SES is considered to be a “fundamental” determinant of health outcomes, and this appears true throughout the cancer spectrum—from cancer incidence to detection, treatment, and survival. Investigations over the past decade have increasingly considered the simultaneous impact of individual SES and area-level SES (as a contextual influence) on health outcomes.

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