scholarly journals Assessment of Ambivalent Sexism in University Students in Colombia and Spain: A Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Aura Yolima Rodríguez-Burbano ◽  
Isabel Cepeda ◽  
Ana Magdalena Vargas-Martínez ◽  
Rocío De-Diego-Cordero
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
The University

(1) Background: Gender-based violence has no geographical, personal, or social boundaries. It constitutes a serious public health problem that affects the entire society. This research aims to identify and compare the level of ambivalent sexism in Spanish and Colombian university students and its relationship with sociodemographic factors. Ambivalent sexism, developed by Glick and Fiske (1996), is considered a new type of sexism since, for the first time, it combines negative and positive feelings that give rise to hostile and benevolent sexism, maintaining the subordination of women through punishment and rewards. (2) Methods: The methodology consisted of the application of the validated Spanish version of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) to a sample of 374 students in their final academic year of the Law program, of which 21.7% were students at the University of Santander (Bucaramanga, Colombia), 45.5% at the University Rey Juan Carlos (Madrid, Spain), and the remaining 32.9% at the University of Seville (Seville, Spain). (3) Results: A high level of ambivalent sexism is reported in Colombian students nowadays. In the two countries. there are similarities (e.g., the great weight of religion and the variation in attitudes towards sexism in people who identify themselves as women, compared to male or students consulted that prefer not to answer) and differences (e.g., absence in Colombia of gender-specific legislation, low number of students who have received gender education in Spain). (4) Conclusions: These findings may contribute to the construction of laws that take into account the particular problems of women and the development of educational programs on gender that are offered in a transversal and permanent way and that take into account cultural factors and equity between men and women as an essential element in the training of future judges who have the legal responsibility to protect those who report gender violence.

scholarly journals Active Commuting to University and its Association with Sociodemographic Factors and Physical Activity Levels in Chilean Students

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaira Barranco-Ruiz ◽  
Carolina Cruz León ◽  
Emilio Villa-González ◽  
Ximena Palma Leal ◽  
Palma Chillón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
The University

Background and Objectives: Active commuting to and from university (ACU) could be a strategy to increase physical activity levels (PA) and promote health in young university students. We aimed to a) examine the patterns of commuting to university in Chilean students; b) the association between the mode of commuting to and from university and socio-demographic factors and PA-levels. Materials and Methods: A total of 496 university students (21.6 ± 2.4 years old) from two universities from Valparaíso (central coast of Chile) participated in this study. Personal data, home address, socio-economic status, PA, and the usual mode of commuting to and from the university were self-reported by a questionnaire. The commute distances were objectively measured using Google-Maps-software. Associations were examined using binary logistic regressions. Results: The main mode of commuting was by bus (to university: 55.2% vs. from university: 59.3%; p < 0.001). The least used mode was cycling (1.4% to and from university). Students living >5-km from university were less active commuters than those living in closer distances: (2–5 km, odds ratio (OR): 4.424, 95% and 95% confidence intervals (CI): 2.443–8.011, p < 0.001; 2 km, OR: 143.052, 95% CI: 55.154–371.030, p < 0.001). Students with low PA-levels were less active commuters than those with medium (OR: 1.446; 95% CI: 0.864–2.421; p = 0.160) or higher levels (OR: 1.880; 95% CI: 1.880–1.094; p = 0.022). Students who lived between 2 and 5 km, presented a significant association to be active commuters when they showed medium PA-levels (OR: 5.244, 95% CI: 1.358–20.246; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Chilean university students from Valparaíso are mainly passive commuters using public transport as the main mode of commuting to and from university; longer distances from home to the university are associated with low PA levels. ACU in distances between 2–5 km (mainly walking) could contribute to having medium PA-levels in Chilean university students. Thus, promoting the ACU walking to and from the university in such distances could be an effective strategy to increase the overall PA levels in Chilean university students.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic factors influencing smartphone addiction in university students

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Aznar-Díaz ◽  
Juan-Manuel Trujillo-Torres ◽  
Santiago Alonso-García ◽  
Carmen Rodríguez-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
University Population ◽  
The University

The development of mobile devices has affected the way of life of university students, affecting their daily habits and sometimes their health. Specifically, in recent years a series of illnesses have developed as a result of the constant use of smartphones by the university population, which has come to be catalogued as an at-risk population. The aim of this work was to analyze the sociodemographic factors that influence the smartphone addiction of university students. For the measurement of the levels of addiction, the standardized instrument Smartphone Addiction Scale was used in a sample of 385 students from the University of Granada, Spain. A multiple linear regression model was used as a statistical test, highlighting that the factor influencing smartphone addiction is the time of use. Finally, the study includes a series of implications derived from the results obtained, with the aim of establishing preventive measures to help to mitigate smartphone addiction.

scholarly journals Gender Violence in the Women of Azogues

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
María de los Ángeles Estrella-González ◽  
Isabel Cluet de Rodríguez ◽  
Paola Elizabeth Pérez-Uchuari ◽  
Mónica Viviana Siguenza-Bermeo ◽  
Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Adult Population ◽  
Level Of Instruction

- Gender violence is an issue that generates worldwide impact, in addition to being a public health problem, since there are high levels of patrimonial, psychological, physical and sexual violence that occur daily and are not reported due to fear, omission and Justification, that is why the importance of carrying out this research is born. Describe gender violence in women who attend the Health Center No. 1 of Azogues. Non-experimental study of descriptive, analytical, prospective and cross-sectional type with a quantitative approach. The participants were Women 15 to 49 years of age who went to an outpatient clinic. A survey was designed that included sociodemographic factors and consisted of 27 questions, which collected data on the types of patrimonial, psychological, physical and sexual violence. Results were obtained from 351 women who made up the established sample, where more than 50% belonged to the young adult population, they showed patrimonial violence 22.5%, Psychological 45.6%, Physical 20.8% and sexual 13, one%. There is a level of positive significance between age and patrimonial, psychological and physical violence, marital status with all types of violence and the level of instruction with a level of negative significance related to patrimonial, psychological and physical violence.

scholarly journals Sexual and reproductive health knowledge, sexual attitudes, and sexual behaviour of university students: Findings of a Beijing-Based Survey in 2010-2011

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Guan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Attitudes ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Sexual Attitude ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Contraceptive Knowledge ◽  
The University

Abstract Background Although several studies have attempted investigating sex-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among young people in China, deeper insights were still needed to further understand how this population could be supported to make healthy and safe sexual choices. Against this background, this study used a large set of secondary data to examine associations among sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge, sexual attitudes, and sexual behaviour. Methods A cross-sectional study was employed to explore the associations among SRH knowledge, sexual attitudes, and sexual behaviour with a publicly available survey data among the 1196 university students from freshmen to Ph.D. candidates. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the university students by gender. Associations of sociodemographic factors with sources and categories of SRH knowledge, categories of contraceptive knowledge, sexual attitudes, and sexual behavior were explored with Poisson regressions and logistic regressions, respectively. The mediating effects of sociodemographic factors on the associations between SRH knowledge and sexual behavior, observed sexual attitudes on the associations of SRH knowledge with sexual behavior, and latent sexual attitudes on the relationship between SRH knowledge and sexual behavior were analyzed in order. Results Descriptive analysis showed that the sample was dominated by age group (18 to 24 years), undergraduates, females, limited contraceptive knowledge, unfavorable sexual attitudes, and insufficient knowledge sources. Regression analyses showed that sociodemographic factors had significant associations with SRH knowledge, sexual attitudes, and sexual behavior. Subsequently, the mediating effects of sociodemographic factors on the associations of SRH knowledge and sexual attitudes with sexual behavior were confirmed. Controlling for sociodemographic factors, the effects of sexual attitudes on the associations between SRH knowledge and sexual behaviour could be verified. Structural equation modeling indicated that the linear sequence of sources and categories of SRH knowledge → sexual attitudes → sexual behaviour model and the triangle mediating effects of sexual behaviour → sexual attitudes → SRH knowledge model existed. Conclusions Sociodemographic factors and observed sexual attitudes mediated the associations between SRH knowledge and sexual behaviour. The sequence relationship: sources and categories of SRH knowledge → sexual attitudes → sexual behavior and the mediating relationship: sexual behavior → sexual attitude → sources and categories of SRH knowledge & sexual behavior → sources and categories of SRH knowledge and sexual behavior → sexual attitude → categories of contraceptive knowledge & sexual behavior → categories of contraceptive knowledge were confirmed in the sample. This study also identified an urgent need for the university students to access to SRH comprehensive knowledge.

scholarly journals Gender Violence in the University: The Role of Higher Education Institutions in its Prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mejía Paredes ◽  
S. Veloz Miño ◽  
R. Saeteros Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The University

Talking about gender-based violence and sexual harassment at the Ecuadorian university has been considered by many as an uncomfortable subject, and for some years it has been silenced. It is only recently that this situation has become an essential topic to investigate, so that currently several universities have struggled to explore through studies the problems of gender violence, discrimination and sexual harassment in the university context. In this sense, the present study has tried to develop a review of all the investigations that have been carried out to identify cases or situations of gender violence in universities at international, national and local level, as well as to determine the role of education institutions superior in the prevention and eradication of this problem. Keywords: gender violence, sexual harassment, university. Resumen Hablar de violencia de género y acoso sexual en la universidad ecuatoriana ha sido considerado por muchos como un tema incómodo por lo que durante algunos años ha permanecido silenciado. No es sino hace poco que esta situación se ha vuelto una temática imprescindible de investigar, por lo que actualmente varias universidades se han esforzado en explorar a través de estudios los problemas de violencia de género, discriminación y acoso sexual en el contexto universitario. En este sentido, el presente estudio ha pretendido desarrollar una revisión de todas las investigaciones que se han realizado para identificar los casos o situaciones de violencia de género en universidades a nivel internacional, nacional y local, así como determinar el rol de las instituciones de educación superior en la prevención y erradicación de esta problemática. Palabras clave: violencia de género, acoso sexual, universidad.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Physical Activity, Self-Concept and Sociodemographic Factors in University Student

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Zurita-Ortega ◽  
Silvia San Román-Mata ◽  
Ramón Chacón-Cuberos ◽  
Manuel Castro-Sánchez ◽  
José Muros
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The University

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and to examine the relationship between MD adherence, physical activity, self-concept, and other sociodemographic factors; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study (N = 597; 18.99 ± 0.64 years) was conducted in a sample of university students from Ceuta, Melilla, and Granada (Spain). Religious beliefs and place of residence were directly reported, while physical activity and adherence to the MD were self-reported using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) respectively. Self-concept was evaluated using the Five-Factor Self-Concept Scale; (3) Results: Of those students reporting high levels of habitual physical activity, 82.3% also reported high adherence to the MD, with 17.7% reporting a medium adherence. Of students reporting no physical activity, 25.7% also reported medium adherence to the MD. No significant associations were found between the MD and religious beliefs. It was observed that the university campus was associated with the level of adherence to the MD (p = 0.030), with adherence being lowest in Ceuta and Melilla. Finally, the MD was associated with academic (p = 0.001) and physical self-concept (p = 0.005); 4) Conclusions: The MD should be promoted to university students, particularly those studying at Ceuta and Melilla, given the present findings of lower MD adherence. In addition, as higher MD adherence was also highlighted with more positive self-concept, its promotion would be beneficial in wider educational contexts.

Subjective social status and its relationship to health and health behavior: comparing two different scales in university students

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Diehl ◽  
Jens Hoebel ◽  
Diana Sonntag ◽  
Jennifer Hilger
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Individual Study ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Study Context ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Little is known about the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health in late adolescence. As it is difficult to measure SES in this age group directly, we used two subjective social status (SSS) scales with different reference groups for social comparison in the relatively homogeneous group of university students and analyzed the relationship with health and health behaviors. Methods We used two 10-rung ladders, a societal and a university one, to measure SSS in students (n = 689, 16–29 years). We compared the scales’ ratings and analyzed relationships with sociodemographic factors, health outcomes and behaviors. Results On average, students rated their individual SSS higher on the university scale (6.87) than on the societal one (6.41). Regarding health outcomes and behaviors, we found similar results for both scales, while sociodemographic variables were more likely to be associated with the societal scale. Conclusion SSS seems to be a useful measure besides the objective SES. Our data suggest that both SSS scales are helpful in the framework of health inequality but differ slightly in what they measure. More detailed research may help to determine which scale is appropriate for individual study context.

scholarly journals Adherence to recommended intake of pulses and related factors in university students in the UniHcos project

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
María Morales-Suárez-Varela ◽  
Carmen Amezcua-Prieto ◽  
Isabel Peraita-Costa ◽  
Carlos Ayan Pérez ◽  
Luis Félix Valero Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spanish Universities ◽  
The University

Abstract Pulses such as peas, beans or lentils are one of the most complete foods at the nutritional level; however, they are one of the most often neglected foods in the diets of university students. Entrance to university translates into a major lifestyle change for many young people, and the habits acquired or cemented at this time will remain into adulthood. The objective of this study is to analyse the association between personal/sociodemographic factors, dietary intake of other food groups and the consumption of pulses in first-year university students. This cross-sectional study is part of the UniHcos project, a multicentre study of multipurpose prospective cohorts in eleven Spanish universities. Data from 9862 university students were collected through an online self-questionnaire completed by all students who met the selection criteria and agreed to participate in the project during the 2011–2018 academic years. Of students, 75·8 % presented an inadequate (≤2 times/week) consumption of pulses. Living outside the family home in either a student residence (OR 0·76; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·84) or rental (OR 0·81; 95 % CI 0·70, 0·95) decreased the compliance with recommendations on the consumption of pulses. Low consumption of pulses is seemingly not restricted to a specific profile or dietary pattern among university students, and no specific focus group for intervention can be identified. Policies promoting the consumption of pulses among the university population as a whole are necessary to increase compliance rates with the dietary recommendations.

scholarly journals Undergraduates’ Attitudes toward Dating Violence: Its Relationship with Sexism and Narcissism

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Erdem ◽  
Rukiye Sahin
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The University ◽  
Dating Relationship

In this research, whether the undergraduates’ attitude levels towards the dating violence differed in terms of gender, dating relationship status, being exposed to the dating violence and resorting to the dating violence was investigated. The sample of the study was composed of 1171 undergraduates. In the research, “The Attitudes toward Dating Violence Scales, Ambivalent Sexism Scale, Ambivalence toward Men Scale, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and Personal Information Form” were used as the data collection tools. In conclusion, significant differences were determined in the university students’ attitudes towards the dating violence according to the different demographic variables (gender, dating relationship status, being exposed to the dating violence and resorting to the dating violence). Moreover, university students’ attitudes towards dating violence were determined to positively and significantly correlate with their ambivalence sexism levels. Ambivalence toward men was determined to positively and significantly correlate with their attitudes towards dating violence. In addition, university students’ narcissistic personality traits were found to positively and significantly correlate with their attitudes towards dating violence. 

scholarly journals Female University Students Respond to Gender Violence through Dialogic Feminist Gatherings

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Puigvert
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Marie Curie ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The University ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Short Explanation

Within the framework of the "Free_Teen_Desire" research project led by the University of Cambridge and funded by the programme Marie Curie Actions[i], a survey was conducted. Vignette-Test data for 127 female university students (ages 18-27 years) in Spain reveals that the wish to hook up with a violent young man significantly decreases after a gathering on the topic of the Mirage of Upward Mobility, a successful programme elaborated in Dialogic Feminism (Butler, Beck & Puigvert, 2003). In the pre-test, 78.4% of the respondents stated that their female friends would like to hook up with a violent man at a party, while this percentage decreased to 38.5% when they responded concerning themselves. After the pre-test, there was a one-hour gathering and debate. The subsequent post-test revealed that only 48.8% of the respondents stated that their female friends would like to hook up with a violent man at a party, and 14.9% of the respondents made the same statement concerning themselves. The survey presented pictures of four men accompanied by a short explanation of their characters. The explanations of man 1 and man 3 included sentences that describe behaviours characterized as gender violence in previous international surveys (Banyard et al., 2005; Fisher, Cullen, & Turner, 1999; Gross et al., 2006; Kalof et al., 2001). The descriptions of man 2 and man 4 only included non-sexist behaviours. The data did not significantly change when we exchanged the pictures of man 2 and man 4 in the instrument with the pictures of the men with violent profiles and then administered the post-test. For different groups of respondents, the period between the pre-test and the gathering as well as between the gathering and the post-test were changed from fifteen minutes to one and two weeks. In all cases, we obtained similar results for the pre- and post-tests. However, additional research is required to demonstrate how long the effect of the gathering endures and to identify the processes that can increase or decrease the effect over time.[i]This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 659299.

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