Production of NMSBA from NMST Catalyzed by Co/Mn/Br and HPW@C Modified with ZnCl2 Solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wen ◽  
Zhou-wen Fang ◽  
Heng He ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Xiang-li Long
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Carbon Sample ◽  
Modification Condition

Abstract2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid (NMSBA) can be produced by oxidizing 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonyltoluene (NMST) with air catalyzed by Co/Mn/Br and phosphotungstic acid(HPW) loaded on activated carbon. This paper reports that the catalytic ability of the HPW@C catalyst in the oxidation of NMST to NMSBA can be improved by treating the activated carbon with ZnCl2solution. The best modification condition with ZnCl2solution is impregnating the carbon sample in 0.1 mol/L solution for 6 h followed by calcination at 600 °C for 4 h. The increase of the surface area and the acidic groups on the carbon surface enhances the catalytic ability of the HPW@C catalyst. The mesopores play an important role in the catalytic oxidation of NMST to NMSBA.

Effect of Loading Amount of Glucose Precursor on Mesoporous Carbon Surface Area for Supercapacitor Electrode Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Farinaa Md Jamil ◽  
Mohd Ali Sulaiman ◽  
Suhaina Mohd Ibrahim ◽  
Abdul Kadir Masrom ◽  
Muhd Zu Azhan Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Carbon Sample ◽  
Large Pore ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Loading Amount ◽  
Silica Template ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

Effect of glucose loading on the synthesis mesoporous carbon had been studied using hard template method where mesoporous silica SBA-15 was used as a template. To obtain a large pore of mesoporous carbon sample, a large pore of silica template was used. A series of mesoporous carbon sample was synthesized by loading different amounts of glucose (2.5g, 5.0g and 10.0g) as a carbon precursor to ensure that the template was fully impregnated with precursor. After treatment process, the surface area of carbon samples were measured with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and it shows that higher amount of glucose gives higher surface area due to the large pore of the template used. The samples then were tested with cyclic voltammetry technique at different scan rates (10, 20, 30 and 50 mVs-1) in 6M KOH electrolyte. It reveals that higher surface area samples show a higher specific capacitance with 119 F/g at slow scan rate 10 mVs-1.

scholarly journals Effect of Microwave Heating Conditions on the Preparation of High Surface Area Activated Carbon from Waste Bamboo

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 667-674
Author(s):  
Jian Wu ◽  
Hongying Xia ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Yi Xia ◽  
Jinhui Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbon Surface

Abstract The present study reports the effect of microwave power and microwave heating time on activated carbon adsorption ability. The waste bamboo was used to preparing high surface area activated carbon via microwave heating. The bamboo was carbonized for 2 h at 600°C to be used as the raw material. According to the results, microwave power and microwave heating time had a significant impact on the activating effect. The optimal KOH/C ratio of 4 was identified when microwave power and microwave heating time were 700 W and 15 min, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, surface area was estimated to be 3441 m2/g with pore volume of 2.093 ml/g and the significant proportion of activated carbon was microporous (62.3%). The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were illustrated that activated carbon surface had abundant functional groups. Additionally the pore structure is characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

scholarly journals ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA METILEN BIRU DENGAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT DURIAN MENGGUNAKAN KOH DAN NaOH SEBAGAI AKTIVATOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Hanum ◽  
Rikardo Jgst Gultom ◽  
Maradona Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Maximum Surface

Durian is a kind of tropical fruits which can grow well in Indonesia. Durian is containing 60-75% shell. Durian shell could be a potential alternative to activated carbon because it contains 57.42% carbon. The aim of this research is to know the effect of contact time and  stirring speed to activated carbon adsorption capacity from durian shell with KOH and NaOH as activators. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) analysis showed the activation process effects on  absorption intensity  wavelength region and resulted in formation of C = C aromatic tape, so that the nature of the charcoal becomes more polar compared with the initial condition. Analysis using spectrophotometer UV-Vis to determine  absorbance and  final concentration of each variation of contact time and stirring speed. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH on stirring speed of 150 rpm and a contact time of 90 minutes is equal to 3.92 mg / g and 3.8 mg / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH during the stirring speed 130 rpm and a contact time of 120 minutes is equal to 1785.263 m2 / g and 1730.332 m2 / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained from this research has met the standards of commercial activated carbon surface area was between 800-1800 m2/ g. Modeling pseudo second order presents a more representative adsorption data, a second order equation is based on the assumption that adsorption step is chemosorption.

Relationship between the Activated Carbon Surface Area and Adsorption Model Coefficients for Removal of Phenol from Water

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Samaras ◽  
Evan Diamadopoulos ◽  
George P. Sakellaropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Commercial Carbon

Abstract The present study investigated the relationship between the activated carbon surface area, as measured by the BET nitrogen adsorption method, and its adsorptive capacity. Aqueous solutions of phenol at pH 7 were used. The activated carbons were produced in the laboratory from raw and demineralized lignite. Adsorption experiments took place under equilibrium or kinetic conditions and the results were simulated by mathematical modelling. Freundlich and Langmuir models were used to describe equilibrium, while the Peel-Benedek non-equilibrium model was applied for the kinetic study. The results showed that for activated carbons produced from different starting materials, the adsorptive capacities could not be solely explained by their BET surface area. While laboratory-made activated carbons with a surface area of 300 m2/g demonstrated similar capacities under equilibrium, their kinetic behaviour was different. Activated carbon produced from raw lignite showed faster kinetics, due to wider porosity, which was facilitated by the mineral matter during activation. These results were in agreement with the mass transfer coefficients in macropores and micropores estimated by the Peel-Benedek model. Comparison of a laboratory-made activated carbon, with a surface area of 500m2/g, with a commercial activated carbon having twice the surface area showed that the maximum adsorptive capacity under equilibrium of the commercial carbon was only 35% higher than that of the lab-made carbon. Yet, the mass transfer coefficients of the commercial carbon were one to two orders of magnitude higher than those of the laboratory-produced carbon. Finally, the use of the qualitative D-R plots has been suggested to elucidate the porous structure of the activated carbons.

scholarly journals Adsorptive and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, Activated Carbon, and Graphene Oxide with Relatively Similar Specific Surface Area

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kuśmierek ◽  
Andrzej Świątkowski ◽  
Katarzyna Skrzypczyńska ◽  
Lidia Dąbek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Organochlorine Compound ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Negative Effect

Three carbon materials with a highly diversified structure and at the same time much less different porosity were selected for the study: single-walled carbon nanotubes, heat-treated activated carbon, and reduced graphene oxide. These materials were used for the adsorption of 2,4-D herbicide from aqueous solutions and in its electroanalytical determination. Both the detection of this type of contamination and its removal from the water are important environmental issues. It is important to identify which properties of carbon materials play a significant role. The specific surface area is the major factor. On the other hand, the presence of oxygen bound to the carbon surface in the case of contact with an organochlorine compound had a negative effect. The observed regularities concerned both adsorption and electroanalysis with the use of the carbon materials applied.

scholarly journals A preparation method for the treatment of Cr(VI) composite adsorbent Ca-AC

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Minjie Qin ◽  
Zhaoju He ◽  
Shen Liu ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Yanqin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Composite Adsorbent ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
Eucalyptus Sawdust

The effects of weight ratio of Eucalyptus and CaCl2, carbonization temperature and carbonization time on the composite adsorbent (Ca-AC) were studied. The best conditions for composite adsorbent (Ca-AC) were obtained: the weight ratio of CaCl2 to the eucalyptus sawdust was 2:1; the carbonization temperature was 650 °C; the carbonization time was 80 min. The Ca-AC yield reached 28.88%; the Cr(VI) adsorption value was 131.03 mg±g-1. The morphology and structure of the adsorbents were characterized. The results showed that the specific surface area of Ca-AC can reach 713 m2±g-1. The carboxyl, hydroxyl, lactones groups and amino could be determined on the activated carbon surface.

INFLUENCE OF PORE STRUCTURE ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVATED CARBON AS ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR AQUEOUS SUPERCAPACITORS

2010 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZUBIAO WEN ◽  
YAFEI LIU ◽  
AIFANG LIU ◽  
TINGTING ZHU ◽  
XIANGWEI ZHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Pore Characteristics

Three activated carbon materials with different pore characteristics were prepared. The relationship between the electrochemical performances and the pore characteristics of the obtained carbons as electrode material for supercapacitors was elucidated. The results show that three carbon materials have almost equal specific-surface-area capacitance of 0.12 F ⋅ m-2. The energy density depends largely on the carbon surface area whereas the power density depends not only on the surface area, but also on the pore size and pore size distribution. The carbon sample with a BET surface area of 2000 m2 ⋅ g-1 and multimodal peak pore systems consisting of micropores at 1.5 nm and mesopores at about 3.8 nm exhibits excellent power density of 1662 W kg-1.

scholarly journals Synergy Effect of Nitrogen and Molybdenum on Activated Carbon Matrix for Selective Adsorptive Desulfurization: Insights into Surface Chemistry Modification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa O Azeez ◽  
Abdulkadir Tanimu ◽  
Khalid Alhooshani ◽  
Saheed A. Ganiyu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Synergy Effect ◽  
Adsorptive Desulfurization ◽  
X Ray

Abstract This study reports the synthesis of mesoporous metal-modified nitrogen doped activated carbon (AC-N-Mo) from date seeds by ZnCl2 activation and its applicability for selective adsorptive desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The AC-N-Mo exhibits higher adsorption capacity for DBT at 100 mg-S/L with the maximum value of 99.7% corresponding to 19.94 mg-S/g at room temperature than the unmodified carbon with 17.96 mg-S/g despite its highest surface area and pore volume of 1027 m2g− 1 and 0.55 cm3g− 1 respectively. The adsorption capacity breakthrough follows the order AC-N-Mo > AC-Mo > AC > AC-N. AC-N-Mo also displayed excellent selectivity in the presence of aromatics (toluene, naphthalene and 1-methylisoquinoline). The enhancement in the DBT uptake capacities of AC-N-Mo is attributed to synergy effect of nitrogen heteroatom that aid well dispersion of molybdenum nanoparticles on carbon surface thereby improving its surface chemistry and promising textural characteristics. The kinetic studies showed that the DBT adsorption proceeds via pseudo-second order kinetics while the isotherm revealed that both Freundlich and Langmuir fit the data but Freundlich fit the data more accurately for the best performing adsorbent. The physico-chemical properties (surface area, pore volume, carbon content, particle size etc.) of as-prepared adsorbents namely; AC, AC-N, AC-N-Mo and AC-Mo were characterized by N2- physisorption, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Spectroscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Raman Spectroscopy (RS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ammonia-Temperature-Programmed Desorption (NH3-TPD).

scholarly journals Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Functionalized Activated Carbon and Its Applications in Arsenic Adsorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hoang Thu Ha ◽  
Pham Tuan Phong ◽  
Tran Dinh Minh
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Contaminated Water

This work reveals the As(V) adsorption behaviors onto iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles modified activated carbon (AC), originally developed from biochar (BC), as a green adsorbent denoted by FAC. Since FAC has abundant surface functional groups and a desired porous structure that is favorable for the removal of As(V) in contaminated water, FAC has greatly enhanced the As(V) adsorption capacity of the original BC. Various methods were employed to characterize the FAC characteristics and adsorption mechanism, including pHpzc determination, BET specific surface area, elemental analysis (EA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that the AC surface was successfully modified by iron oxide nanoparticles, enhancing the porosity and specific surface area of original adsorbent. Batch adsorption tests indicated a well-fitted Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model for As(V) adsorption. Additionally, the highest adsorption capacity (Qmax = 32.57 mg/g) by FAC was higher than previously reported literature reviews. Until now, no article was conducted to research the effect of carbon surface chemistry and texture on As removal from waters. It is required to obtain a rational view of optimal conditions to remove As from contaminated water.

scholarly journals Removal of NO With Fe(II)NTA Solution Catalyzed By The Carbon Treated With Ethylenediamine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-wei Dou ◽  
Pei-yun Chen ◽  
Ruo-chuan Zhang ◽  
Xiangli Long
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Condition ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Simultaneous Removal

Abstract Fe(Ⅱ)NTA solution manifests a good performance in the simultaneous removal of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide. Activated carbon is used to catalyze the reduction of Fe(III)NTA to Fe(Ⅱ)NTA to retain the ability of absorbing NO. Ethylenediamine(EDA) solution is capable of changing the physical structure and chemical characteristics on the carbon surface to improve the catalytic capability of activated carbon. The experiments suggest that the best treatment condition be immersing the carbon in 5.0 mol l-1 EDA solution for 6 h followed by being heated at 700 ℃ in N2 for 4 h. The modification with EDA increases the surface area and alkalinity on the carbon. The experiments also indicate that the removal efficiency of nitric oxide catalyzed by the modified carbon is significantly improved compared with that of the original one.

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