Physical Properties, Carotenoids and Antioxidant Capacity of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Peel as Influenced by Different Drying Treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Keong Lau ◽  
Hoang Van Chuyen ◽  
Quan V. Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Carrot peel generated from the juice factories is considered as waste and it can be potential for further recovery of carotenoids. Drying treatment is essential to minimise degradation of carotenoids and ease transportation as well as storage of the peel for further processing. This study aimed to determine the impact of different drying conditions on its physicochemical and antioxidant properties to propose the most suitable conditions for drying carrot peel for further recovery of carotenoids. Drying conditions were found to significantly affect retention of total carotenoids, β-carotene, lutein and lycopene as well as antioxidant capacity in carrot peel. Optimal conditions for hot-air drying were at 40 °C for 3.5 h; vacuum drying were at 60 °C, −60 kPa for 4 h; dehumidification drying was at 50 °C for 2.5 h with relative humidity (RH) of 16–21 %; and microwave drying was at 600 W for 7 min. In comparison with freeze drying (control) and other three different drying methods at each optimal conditions, dehumidification drying at 50 °C with RH of 16–21 % was the most effective method as it retained high levels of total carotenoids (2.75 mg/g DW), β-carotene (1.57 mg/g DW), lutein (0.17 mg/g DW) and lycopene (0.78 mg/g DW). Dried carrot peel also had potent antioxidant properties (ABTS: 4.71 and CUPRAC: 19 mM TE/g DW). Therefore, these conditions are recommended for drying carrot peel for further recovery of carotenoids.

scholarly journals Isolation and structural elucidation of dimeric epigallocatechin-3-gallate autoxidation products and their antioxidant capacity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Alfke ◽  
Uta Kampermann ◽  
Svetlana Kalinina ◽  
Melanie Esselen
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cd Spectroscopy ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDietary polyphenols like epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)—which represents the most abundant flavan-3-ol in green tea—are subject of several studies regarding their bioactivity and health-related properties. On many occasions, cell culture or in vitro experiments form the basis of published data. Although the stability of these compounds is observed to be low, many reported effects are directly related to the parent compounds whereas the impact of EGCG degradation and autoxidation products is not yet understood and merely studied. EGCG autoxidation products like its dimers theasinensin A and D, “P2” and oolongtheanin are yet to be characterized in the same extent as their parental polyphenol. However, to investigate the bioactivity of autoxidation products—which would minimize the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo data—isolation and structure elucidation techniques are urgently needed. In this study, a new protocol to acquire the dimers theasinensin A and D as well as oolongtheanin is depicted, including a variety of spectroscopic and quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometric (qTOF-HRMS) data to characterize and assign these isolates. Through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, polarimetry, and especially circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy after enzymatic hydrolysis the complementary atropisomeric stereochemistry of the isolated theasinensins is illuminated and elucidated. Lastly, a direct comparison between the isolated EGCG autoxidation products and the monomer itself is carried out regarding their antioxidant properties featuring Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values. These findings help to characterize these products regarding their cellular effects and—which is of special interest in the flavonoid group—their redox properties.

The Impact of Drying Methods on Paper Physical Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 2267-2272
Author(s):  
Shu Lei Zhao ◽  
Zheng Yuan Wei ◽  
Xiao Tian Ding ◽  
Qiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Mechanical Pulp ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tearing Resistance

This paper experimentally examined the impact of four different drying methods (free drying, press drying, vacuum drying and impingement drying) on paper physical properties including roughness, elongation, air permeance, tearing resistance, tensile index and bursting strength. The handsheets materials are HWBKP (Hardwood Bleached Chemical Pulp), SWBKP (Softwood Bleached Chemical Pulp), CTMP (Chemical Thermo mechanical Pulp) and ATMP (Advanced Thermo Mechanical Pulp). Good experimental data were obtained for the four pulps under different drying conditions. The results of our investigation indicate that press drying have lower surface roughness, elongation and air permeance but higher tearing resistance; the vacuum drying have higher roughness, tensile index and bursting strength; the impingement drying have lower tearing resistance, tensile index and bursting strength but higher elongation and air permeance. Selection of different drying conditions for effective productivity and quality improvement potential is proposed as a direction for the future dryer design.

Conformation-Dependent Antioxidant Properties of β-Carotene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhiya Lakshmanan ◽  
Hendrik Zipse
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Quantum Chemical Methods ◽  
Β Carotene

The antioxidant capacity of β-carotene has been studied in terms of H-atom abstraction reactions using quantum chemical methods. These oxidation reactions are studied for the all-trans as well as 15,15'-cis...

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Essential Oils from Medicinal-Aromatic Plants of Greece: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Antimicrobial Activity against Bacterial Fish Pathogens

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thekla I. Anastasiou ◽  
Manolis Mandalakis ◽  
Nikos Krigas ◽  
Thomas Vézignol ◽  
Diamanto Lazari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
The Impact

The administration of antibiotics in aquaculture has raised concern about the impact of their overuse in marine ecosystems, seafood safety and consumers’ health. This “green consumerism” has forced researchers to find new alternatives against fish pathogens. The present study focused on 12 Mediterranean medicinal-aromatic plants as potential antimicrobials and antioxidant agents that could be used in fish aquaculture. In vitro assays showed that the essential oils (EOs) from all studied plants had anti-bacterial and antioxidant properties, with their efficacy being dependent on their chemical composition. More specifically, EOs rich in carvacrol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene exhibited not only the strongest inhibitory activity against the growth of bacterial pathogens (inhibitory concentration: 26–88 μg mL−1), but also the greatest total antioxidant capacity (ABTS: 2591–5879 μmole mL−1; CUPRAC: 931–2733 μmole mL−1). These compounds were mainly found in the EOs from Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum), Spanish oregano (Thymbra capitata) and savoury (Satureja thymbra) collected from cultivations in Greece. The specific EOs stand out as promising candidates for the treatment of bacterial diseases and oxidative stress in farmed fish. Further in vivo experiments are needed to fully understand the effects of EO dietary supplementation on fish farming processes.

Development of ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for the optimal yield of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Saifullah ◽  
Rebecca McCullum ◽  
Quan Van Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Water As Solvent

Background: Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora), is native to Australia and has a significant value as an aromatic herb and folk medicine. Recently it has shown potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Objective: This study was designed to identify the most suitable safe solvent for the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from lemon myrtle leaves, and then apply response surface methodology (RSM) to develop the optimal conditions (time, temperature, and sonication power) for extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from lemon myrtle using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Methods: Five different solvents viz water, acetone, ethanol, acetone: water (50:50), and ethanol: water (50:50) were tested for extraction efficiency of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from dried lemon myrtle leaves. A three-level three-factor Box–Behnken design was employed to elucidate the effect of sonication time, extraction temperature, and sonication power on the yields of total phenolics, antioxidant capacities, and major individual compounds (gallic acid and hesperetin). Results: The results showed that solvents have a significant impact on the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties from lemon myrtle, and 50% acetone is the best solvent. Mathematical models were reliable for prediction of optimal extraction conditions and the optimal conditions for extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, as well as gallic acid and hesperetin are 50 min, 60 °C and sonication power of 250 W. Conclusion: These optimal conditions and 50% acetone in water (as solvent) are recommended to extract phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity from lemon myrtle leaves for the application as a functional food ingredient.

scholarly journals Differences in the Aroma Profile of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) after Different Drying Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5083
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mahmoud Abbas ◽  
Mohamed Abdelmoneim Seddik ◽  
Abd-Allah Gahory ◽  
Sabri Salaheldin ◽  
Wagdi Saber Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Aroma Profile ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Chamomile Flower

This experiment was conducted to examine the influence of drying methods on the essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) and its chemical composition. Chamomile flower heads were dried using five different methods: sunlight for 72 h; shade for 1 week; oven at 40 °C for 72 h; solar dryer for 72 h; and microwave for 5 min. Drying methods had slight and nonsignificant impacts on dry biomass of flower heads. The highest percentages of oil in flowers (0.35–0.50%) were observed after solar-drying methods, and the lowest percentage of oil was found after microwave drying (0.24–0.33%). Drying methods significantly influenced the number of identified compounds. The maximum was identified after solar drying (21 compounds), while the lowest was identified after microwave drying (13 compounds), which revealed the solar ability to preserve compounds in contrast to microwave, which crushed the compounds. Major compounds were α-bisabolol oxide A (33.0–50.5%), (Z)-tonghaosu (10.0–18.7%), α-bisabolol oxide B (8.2–15.4%), α-bisabolone oxide A (5.4–14.6%), and chamazulene (1.9–5.2%) of essential oil. Drying methods clearly affected major compounds’ content as the lowest α-bisabolol oxide A was after sun drying, and the lowest α-bisabolol oxide B was after solar drying. (Z)-tonghaosu increased during drying compared to fresh flowers. Solar drying maintained higher chamazulene content (3.0%) compared to other drying methods. The results of this study suggest that drying under the shady conditions preserved chemical composition of essential oil with higher α-bisabolol content compared to other drying methods.

scholarly journals Characterisation of the Convective Hot-Air Drying and Vacuum Microwave Drying of Cassia alata: Antioxidant Activity, Essential Oil Volatile Composition and Quality Studies

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chua ◽  
Chua ◽  
Figiel ◽  
Chong ◽  
Wojdyło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Cassia Alata ◽  
Vacuum Microwave ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Drying Conditions

The preservation of active constituents in Cassia alata through the removal of moisture is crucial in producing a final product with high antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the influences of various drying methods and drying conditions on the antioxidant activity, volatiles and phytosterols content of C. alata. The drying methods used were convective drying (CD) at 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C; freeze drying; vacuum microwave drying (VMD) at 6, 9 and 12 W/g; and two-stage convective pre-drying followed by vacuum microwave finish drying (CPD-VMFD) at 50 °C and 9 W/g. The drying kinetics of C. alata are best described by the thin-layer model (modified Page model). The highest antioxidant activity, TPC and volatile concentration were achieved with CD at 40 °C. GC–MS analysis identified the presence of 51 volatiles, which were mostly present in all samples but with quantitative variation. The dominant volatiles in fresh C. alata are 2-hexenal (60.28 mg 100 g−1 db), 1-hexanol (18.70 mg 100 g−1 db) and salicylic acid (15.05 mg 100 g−1 db). The concentration of phytosterols in fresh sample was 3647.48 mg 100 g−1 db, and the major phytosterols present in fresh and dried samples were β-sitosterol (1162.24 mg 100 g−1 db). CPD-VMFD was effective in ensuring the preservation of higher phytosterol content in comparison with CD at 50 °C. The final recommendation of a suitable drying method to dehydrate C. alata leaves is CD at 40 °C.

Comparison of different drying methods on Chinese yam: changes in physicochemical properties, bioactive components, antioxidant properties and microstructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-ming Li ◽  
Lei Xia ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Shi-yin Guo ◽  
Jin-hao Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Chinese Yam

AbstractIn the present study, we aimed to assess the effects of hot air drying (HAD), microwave drying (MD), far-infrared radiation drying (FIRD), vacuum drying (VD) and microwave vacuum drying (MVD) on the quality, bioactive components, pasting properties, antioxidant properties, in vitro digestibility and microstructure of Chinese yam. Results showed that these drying processes greatly affected the quality of yam (p<0.05). MVD yam had a good color and its bioactive components were maintained. VD and MVD samples had the lowest setback value and breakdown value, indicating that they had a better cold paste stability and hot paste stability. In addition, MVD samples had a uniform honeycomb microscopic pore structure, and thus the rehydration rate of MVD samples was significantly higher compared with the other drying approaches. When five differently dried samples were compared by principal component analysis (PCA), the MVD samples were found to have the highest comprehensive principal component values. Therefore, based on our results, MVD was an ideal approach to dry high-quality yam.

scholarly journals Variations of β-carotene retention in a staple produced from yellow fleshed cassava roots through different drying methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toluwalope Eyinla ◽  
Rasaki Sanusi ◽  
Emmanuel Alamu ◽  
Busie Maziya-Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Flash Drying ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Background: New yellow cassava fresh roots biofortified with β-carotene are becoming popular in Sub-Saharan Africa in the making of traditional products for households. However, β- carotene is susceptible to rapid depletion during processing. Therefore, we investigated the impact of using different drying methods in processing these fresh Cassava roots.Methods: We processed four newly released yellow fleshed cassava varieties (01/1371, 07/593, 07/539, and 07/0220) into fermented cassava chips, flour, and corresponding dough with sun, oven, and flash drying methods respectively. The β-carotene contents were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Percentage true retention (%TR) was computed.Results: The results demonstrated that %TR in chips (13.7%), flour (11.7%), and dough (5.48%) from sun drying method had the highest level of β-carotene retention compared to oven (11.3%, 7.30%, and 3.47%) and flash (8.8%, 3.33%, and 1.24%) drying methods. The duration, intensity of heat used for drying, and variety had a significant effect on β-carotene retention. Variety 07/0220 with the highest β-carotene concentration (7.81±0.13µ/g) in the fresh roots did not necessarily have the highest concentration after processing. These results suggest that β-carotene retention is not only variety specific but also depends on the method of processing. Conclusions: These results will support ongoing breeding efforts aimed at increasing pro-vitamin A content in Cassava. The information may also be significant to solutions considering fermented cassava flour and dough in Vitamin A deficient populations.Keywords: Cassava, drying, fermented flour, carotenoids, retention, Lafun

scholarly journals Physical quality analysis of drying beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica L.) using variations of drying methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
A S Telaumbanua ◽  
J N W Karyadi ◽  
Pravitajaty ◽  
A N I Kusumastuti ◽  
K Ma’Rufah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Freeze Dryer

Abstract Beluntas leaves are medicinal plants with pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, and antibacterial. Drying is one of the processes before the beluntas leaves are consumed. However, drying could degrade the quality of beluntas leaves. This research aims to investigate the impact of drying conditions on the physical qualities of dried beluntas leaves. Beluntas leaves with a moisture content of 83-90% were dried using drying methods, namely the greenhouse effect dryer (ERK), cabinet dryer (CD) at 40, 50, 60, and 70°C, and freeze dryer (FD) at 35, 45, and 55°C. The physical parameters measured were moisture content, color, shrinkage, rehydration ratio, and bulk density. The results showed that the final moisture content of the dried beluntas leaves were 8.40; 4.92-10.70; 4.73-6.77%w.b for ERK, CD, and FD, respectively. Page’s model was suitable for explaining the changes in moisture ratio during the drying process (R 2 = 0.9934 − 0.9999). The freeze-drying method can preserve the leaves’ color and obtain the lowest moisture content with a low drying temperature compared to other methods. Freeze-dried beluntas leaves also exhibited the highest rehydration ratio, which was 2.03 – 2.25.

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