scholarly journals On the Shoulders of Giants: Tracing Back the Intellectual Sources of the Current Debate on “GDP and Beyond” to the 19th Century

2013 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils aus dem Moore ◽  
Christoph M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
International Debate ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
The 19Th Century

SummaryAn eternal motive of human existence is the search for guidance.While values and beliefs retain their high relevance, today’s enlightened societies also tend to rest their aspirations and decisions on the actual facts and on a sober assessment of possible courses of events emerging from different choices. Given the complexity of modern life, it is by now well understood that this strategy requires objective, comprehensive and accessible statistical reporting. Today, the desire to provide such a valuable basis for individual decisions and policy-making finds one of its most important expressions in the international debate on “GDP and beyond”. In contrast to similar efforts displayed in previous decades, the current projects emphasize sustainability issues and focus on the accessibility of the information, using modern tools of measurement and presentation. Yet, there is ample evidence that even by the mid-19

Taxing stock transfers in the first golden age of financial capitalism: political salience and the limits on the power of finance

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Massoc
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
The Us ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Financial Capitalism

Abstract The current debate about taxing financial transactions is often presented as a brand new one. It is not. At the turn of the 19th century, a similar tax was debated in France and the US Financial actors fought the tax mightily. Those actors were very powerful. Yet, they lost. A tax on stock transfers (STT) was established. Why? Through a comparative analysis of France and the State of New York, this article argues that the tax was adopted because politicians interested in capitalizing on public discontent endeavored to publicize and frame the STT in simple and antagonizing terms. Strong but heterogeneous public hostility against finance got focused on the explicitly politicized issue of the tax. Political salience disrupted the logics of ‘quiet politics’ and momentarily undermined the privileged position of finance. Despite intense lobbying and threats to relocate from financiers, elected officials chose to vote for the STT.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Ethnic Tradition Transfer among Belorussian Peasant Settlers in Siberia and Russia’s Far East from 1850 to the Present

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-402
Author(s):  
Roman Yu. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Far East ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article examines how the transfer of ethnic traditions among Belorussian peasant settlers in Asian Russia to their descendants has evolved since 1850. Based on field data collected from different generations of Belorussian settlers born during the 20th century, the study indicates that the mechanism of this transfer went through three very distinct phases. From the second half of the 19th century until the 1920s, the children of Belorussian settlers adopted the ethnic identity and traditions of their parents, much like their forefathers back home. During the Soviet era, i.e., from the early 1920s until the late 1980s, the state sought to replace Belorussian customs and conventions among the settlers children with its own homogenous, socialist modernity. After the USSRs collapse in 1991, the growing influence of mass media and more contemporary socio-cultural processes began to influence how ethnic traditions were transferred to the young. All three periods left their imprint on the outlook of the descendants of Belorussian settlers today. This is largely the result of the fact that practical knowledge and skills change more rapidly than deeper values and beliefs.

Modern Intimacies and Modernist Landscapes: Chinese Photographs in Late-Colonial Mozambique

Lusotopie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-212
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Macagno
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Chinese Diaspora ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Colonial Modernity ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chinese Province ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract This paper addresses a specific aspect of the social and cultural life of the Luso-Chinese in Mozambique, whose first contingents came from the Chinese province of Guangdong in the second half of the 19th century. Most settled in the city of Beira. By the 1950s, the Chinese community was already well integrated into modern life in colonial Beira. The city was going through an unprecedented urban and architectural boom. At that time, the Luso-Chinese, who were essentially merchants, also began to stand out in the field of photography. Based on a multi-sited ethnography among the Portuguese-Chinese diaspora – and their family photo albums – this paper reflects on two inseparable aspects of late-colonial modernity: architecture and photography.

Historical Geography of the Negev: Bedouin Agriculture

Emptied Lands ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Kedar ◽  
Ahmad Amara ◽  
Oren Yiftachel
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Human Geography ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Land System ◽  
System P ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Agricultural Settlement

This chapter begins the task of challenging the geographical components of the DND, by providing a thorough account of the historical geography of the Negev, drawing on various historical accounts of European travelers and Zionists. Relying on these accounts, it challenges the hegemonic history and narrative that depict the Negev as an uncultivated and unsettled desert used by nomadic Bedouins. The chapter demonstrates that the human geography of the northern Negev was characterized, at least from the 19th century, by widespread agriculture, in parallel to traditional pastoralism. There is ample evidence that Bedouin agricultural settlement in general had existed for centuries, including among the al-‘Uqbi tribe in the ‘Araqib area. The chapter shows organized local habitation and economic activities, based on a customary and well developed land system.

The history of Iberian archaeology: one archaeology for two Spains

Antiquity ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (291) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Ruiz ◽  
Alberto Sánchez ◽  
Juan P. Bellón
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Political Problem ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Model ◽  
The 19Th Century

IntroductionIn this article we set out to analyse, from an archaeological point of view, a political problem which, as demonstrated by current debate, including acts of violence, goes well beyond archaeology. Throughout the 19th century, and especially in its latter half, a centralist political model for Spain was developed in which a political balance could not be found between the State and [lie autonomous traditions of the varions regions of the Iherian Peninsula. As a result of this failure, legitimation programmes began to be constructed towards the end of 19th century, based on the history of the peoples of these regions. This led to a search in protohistorical archaeology [Iberians, Celts, Tartessians, etc.) for a possible solution to the political problems caused by a lack of institutional agreement between states and regions.

scholarly journals A vital people: A necessity for a good economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (s1) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Edmund E. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Good Economy ◽  
Indigenous Innovation ◽  
The 19Th Century

Economics at its core is about human life in human economies. The difficulty is that economies have continued to evolve and economics has lagged behind. Modern life invaded societies in the 19th century: first in Britain and America, later in Germany and France. Increasing numbers were driven not just by a work ethic or a desire to accumulate: They were dreamers, tinkerers, and adventurers on a journey, exercising their imagination, creativity, and curiosity. This indigenous innovation, coming from the grassroots up, was the foundation of modern life which brought people satisfactions that went beyond material rewards. It is time economics has caught up to restore the dynamism and vitality necessary for people to enjoy not only a Good Life but also a Good Economy.

scholarly journals The hygienic hypothesis and transformations in etiological knowledge: from causal ontology to ontogenesis of the body

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1168-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Czeresnia
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western World ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
The 19Th Century

The objective of this article is to systematize the principal recent research results pertaining to the so-called hygienic hypothesis, which establishes an etiological link between the increasing incidence of allergic diseases and the decreasing incidence of infectious diseases in the industrialized countries of the Western world. The author contends that the current debate on the hygienic hypothesis indicates significant transformations in the understanding of disease etiology, perhaps even as important as the transformations in the 19th century during the process leading to the constitution of modern medicine and the identification of infectious disease causal agents.

An Existential Psychological Perspective on the Human Essence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sullivan ◽  
Roman Palitsky
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Existential Psychology ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Human Essence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century

Existentialism arose in the 19th century as a philosophical countermovement to perspectives prioritizing universal human essences over the uniquely situated nature of each human existence. Two schools of existential thought—the dialectical-psychological and cultural-phenomenological—have exerted divergent influence on the contemporary movements of experimental and clinical existential psychology. While clinical approaches stress the patient’s phenomenological situation and need for meaning, experimental existential psychology employs modern quantitative methods to test hypotheses regarding threat and defense processes. Despite different emphases, existential perspectives see the human essence as characterized by three qualities: (1) the uniqueness of the human species and the individual; (2) the indissolubility of the person and the situation; and (3) the ubiquity of freedom and threat in human experience. In an attempt at synthesis, we trace these themes across clinical and experimental existential psychology, highlighting how these perspectives differ from mainstream approaches in their explanations for phenomena such as depression.

scholarly journals „Góra szczęścia” Jonasa Biliũnasa

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Krystyna Syrnicka
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Fine Weather ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Hill

 Jonas Biliūnas’ “Mountain of Happiness” The oeuvre of Jonas Biliūnas 1879–1907 marks the birth of Lithuanian lyrical psychological prose, which was influenced by the modernist ideas of relativism. His works brought into the Lithuanian canon of realist story the motifs of transitoriness of human existence, fragility of life, sadness. Biliūnas was the first Lithuanian writer who was professionally prepared for his trade. He studied literature and related disciplines at universities in Switzerland, which gradually became a centre of Lithuanian intelligentsia already in the 19th century. The short stories written at that time indicated the writer’s maturing talent. The Alps played asignificant role in Biliūnas’ life; this is where in 1904–1907 he wrote his best works, three of which are thematically associated with the mountains: the literary sketch Fine Weather on the Uetliberg Ant Uetlibergo giedra!, the short story Snowstorm in the Mountains Pūga kalnuose and the allegorical tale The Beacon of Happiness Laimės žiburys — one of the most important works written in Zurich. A serious illness prevented the writer from fully developing his talent. On 8 December 1907 he died at the age of 28 in his wife’s arms in asanatorium in Zakopane. He was buried in Pęksowy Brzysk. Thanks to the efforts of the Lithuanian writer Antanas Vienuolis Biliūnas’ remains were brought back to Lithuania, where he was laid to rest on ahill in Liudiškiai, near Anykščiai. In 1958 a monument called “Beacon of happiness” was erected on Biliūnas’ grave. The hill with the mo­nument became asymbol the meaning of which is expressed in the tale The Beacon of Happiness. Today some people climb the hill to honour the writer’s memory, while others — believing in its sacred nature — hope that it will bring them happiness.

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