Beneficial consequences of probiotic on mitochondrial hippocampus in Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doha M. Beltagy ◽  
Nagat F. Nawar ◽  
Tarek M. Mohamed ◽  
Ehab Tousson ◽  
Mai M. El-Keey
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Atpase Subunit ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Cells Death

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, causing dementia and brain cells death. Objectives This study aimed to assess the ameliorating effect of Acidophilus probiotic against AD induced in rats by d-galactose and AlCl3 injection via evaluating mitochondrial parameter changes in hippocampus. Methods This study was carried out on rats were classified into five groups; G1 (control group), G2 (probiotic group), G3 (AD group), G4 (co-treated group) and G5 (post-treated group). By the end of the experiment, some different neurotransmitters, oxidative stress biomarkers, zinc, blood glucose, Na+K−ATPase subunit alpha 1 (ATP1A1), and gene expression of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured. Results Significant changes in neurotransmitters, antioxidants levels and decreased ATP1A1 activity and gene expression of MMP in the hippocampus in G3 were detected if compared to control. Best improvement in G5 than G4 group was observed. These results were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical studies in hippocampus. Conclusions Acidophilus probiotic was able to alleviate learning and memory associated injuries in AD by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction induced by d-galactose and AlCl3. This may be associated with its antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Urine of Metal Carpentry Workers Can Be Diagnostic for Occupational Exposure to Low Level of Welding Fumes from Associated Metals

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3167
Author(s):  
Flavia Buonaurio ◽  
Maria Luisa Astolfi ◽  
Daniela Pigini ◽  
Giovanna Tranfo ◽  
Silvia Canepari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Welding Fumes ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

Urinary concentrations of 16 different exposure biomarkers to metals were determined at the beginning and at the end of a working shift on a group of workers in the metal carpentry industry. Five different oxidative stress biomarkers were also measured, such as the oxidation products of RNA and DNA metabolized and excreted in the urine. The results of workers exposed to metals were compared to those of a control group. The metal concentrations found in these workers were well below the occupational exposure limit values and exceeded the mean concentrations of the same metals in the urine of the control group by a factor of four at maximum. Barium (Ba), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and strontium (Sr) were correlated with the RNA oxidative stress biomarker, 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo), which was found able to discriminate exposed workers from controls with a high level of specificity and sensitivity. The power of this early diagnostic technique was assessed by means of the ROC curve. Ba, rubidium (Rb), Sr, tellurium (Te), and vanadium (V) were correlated with the level of the protein oxidation biomarker 3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NO2Tyr), and Ba, beryllium (Be), copper (Cu), and Rb with 5-methylcytidine (5-MeCyt), an epigenetic marker of RNA damage. These effect biomarkers can help in identifying those workers that can be defined as “occupationally exposed” even at low exposure levels, and they can provide information about the impact that such doses have on their health.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity and Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) in SD Rats and in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes Models

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Jung-Yun Lee ◽  
Tae Yang Kim ◽  
Hanna Kang ◽  
Jungbae Oh ◽  
Joo Woong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Adipogenic Gene

Excess body weight is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated metabolic complications, and weight loss has been shown to improve glycemic control and decrease morbidity and mortality in T2D patients. Weight-loss strategies using dietary interventions produce a significant decrease in diabetes-related metabolic disturbance. We have previously reported that the supplementation of low molecular chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly inhibited blood glucose levels in both animals and humans. However, the effect of GO2KA1 on obesity still remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of GO2KA1 on lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression using 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro and plasma lipid profiles using a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stimulated to differentiate under the adipogenic stimulation in the presence and absence of varying concentrations of GO2KA1. Adipocyte differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining of lipids and the expression of adipogenic gene expression. Compared to control group, the cells treated with GO2KA1 significantly decreased in intracellular lipid accumulation with concomitant decreases in the expression of key transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBP/α). Consistently, the mRNA expression of downstream adipogenic target genes such as fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FAS), were significantly lower in the GO2KA1-treated group than in the control group. In vivo, male SD rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induced obesity, followed by oral administration of GO2KA1 at 0.1 g/kg/body weight or vehicle control in HFD. We assessed body weight, food intake, plasma lipids, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) for liver function, and serum level of adiponectin, a marker for obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome. Compared to control group GO2KA1 significantly suppressed body weight gain (185.8 ± 8.8 g vs. 211.6 ± 20.1 g, p < 0.05) with no significant difference in food intake. The serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly lower in the GO2KA1-treated group than in the control group, whereas the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was higher in the GO2KA1 group. The GO2KA1-treated group also showed a significant reduction in ALT and AST levels compared to the control. Moreover, serum adiponectin levels were significantly 1.5-folder higher than the control group. These in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that dietary supplementation of GO2KA1 may prevent diet-induced weight gain and the anti-obesity effect is mediated in part by inhibiting adipogenesis and increasing adiponectin level.

scholarly journals Assessment of Human Skin Gene Expression by Different Blends of Plant Extracts with Implications to Periorbital Skin Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Namkoong ◽  
Dale Kern ◽  
Helen Knaggs
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Since the skin is the major protective barrier of the body, it is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Environmental influences such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, pollution or dry/cold air are involved in the generation of radical oxygen species (ROS) and impact skin aging and dermal health. Assessment of human skin gene expression and other biomarkers including epigenetic factors are used to evaluate the biological/molecular activities of key compounds in cosmetic formulas. The objective of this study was to quantify human gene expression when epidermal full-thickness skin equivalents were exposed to: (a) a mixture of betaine, pentylene glycol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodiola rosea root extract (BlendE) for antioxidant, skin barrier function and oxidative stress (with hydrogen peroxide challenge); and (b) a mixture of Narcissus tazetta bulb extract and Schisandra chinensis fruit extract (BlendIP) for various biomarkers and microRNA analysis. For BlendE, several antioxidants, protective oxidative stress biomarkers and many skin barrier function parameters were significantly increased. When BlendE was evaluated, the negative impact of the hydrogen peroxide was significantly reduced for the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP 3 and MMP 12), the skin aging and oxidative stress biomarkers, namely FBN2, ANXA1 and HGF. When BlendIP was tested for cell proliferation and dermal structural components to enhance the integrity of the skin around the eyes: 8 growth factors, 7 signaling, 7 structural/barrier function and 7 oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly increased. Finally, when BlendIP was tested via real-time RT-PCR for microRNA expression: miR-146a, miR-22, miR155, miR16 and miR21 were all significantly increased over control levels. Therefore, human skin gene expression studies are important tools to assess active ingredient compounds such as plant extract blends to advance dermal hypotheses toward validating cosmetic formulations with botanical molecules.

scholarly journals Exploration of the optimal strategy for dietary calcium intervention against the toxicity of liver and kidney induced by cadmium in mice: An in vivo diet intervention study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250885
Author(s):  
Zhaofang Chen ◽  
Kexin Shi ◽  
Wenjie Kuang ◽  
Lei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Exposure Pathway ◽  
Group 2

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic non-essential element, while calcium (Ca) is an essential element with high chemical similarity to Cd. Dietary intake is the major Cd exposure pathway for non-smokers. A multi-concentration dietary intervention experiment was designed to explore the optimum concentration of Ca in diet with obvious protective effects against the toxicity of livers and kidneys induced by Cd in mice. The mice were divided into six groups with different concentrations of Cd and Ca in their food: control-group (no Cd or Ca), Ca-group (100 g/kg Ca, without Cd), Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, without Ca), CaL+Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, 2 g/kg Ca), CaM+Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, 20 g/kg Ca) and CaH+Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, 100 g/kg Ca). The organ indexes, oxidative stress biomarkers, lesions and Cd concentrations were detected after a 30-day exposure period. Results showed that serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) level in CaH+Cd-group was significantly lower than that in Cd-group, while close to that in control-group. The contents of Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) in different groups showed the same trend. Concentrations of all oxidative stress biomarkers (GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA) in CaH+Cd-group were close to the normal levels of control-group while significantly different from those in Cd-group. The only exception was the Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in kidneys. This study suggests that Ca plays a protective role in relieving the Cd-induced toxicity of livers and kidneys and a concentration of 100 g/kg for Ca in diet showed the best protective effects. These findings could provide a clue for further studies concerning human diet intervention for Cd control.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus increased integrins gene expression in rat endometrium at the time of embryo implantation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Bakhteyari ◽  
Yasaman Zarrin ◽  
Parvaneh Nikpour ◽  
Zeinab Sadat Hosseiny ◽  
Zeinab Sadat Hosseiny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle

Background: Diabetes mellitus deeply changes the genes expression of integrin (Itg) subunits in several cells and tissues such as monocytes, arterial endothelium, kidney glomerular cells, retina. Furthermore, hyperglycemia could impress and reduce the rate of successful assisted as well as non-assisted pregnancy. Endometrium undergoes thorough changes in normal menstrual cycle and the question is: What happens in the endometrium under diabetic condition? Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the endometrial gene expression of α3, α4, αv, Itg β1 and β3 subunits in diabetic rat models at the time of embryo implantation. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, diabetic group, pioglitazone-treated group, and metformin-treated group. Real-time PCR was performed to determine changes in the expression of Itg α3, α4, αv, β1, and β3 genes in rat’s endometrium. Results: The expression of all Itg subunits increased significantly in diabetic rats’ endometrium compared with control group. Treatment with pioglitazone significantly reduced the level of Itg subunits gene expression compared with diabetic rats. While metformin had a different effect on α3 and α4 and elevated these two subunits gene expression. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus significantly increased the expression of studied Itg subunits, therefore untreated diabetes could be potentially assumed as one of the preliminary elements in embryo implantation failure.

scholarly journals Prolonged use of finasteride-induced gonadal sex steroids alterations, DNA damage and menstrual bleeding in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadah Albasher ◽  
May Bin-Jumah ◽  
Saleh Alfarraj ◽  
Fatimah Al-Otibi ◽  
Nouf K. Al-Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of prolonged use of finasteride on serum levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), progesterone, testosterone and androstenedione in women during the menstrual period. Further, to screen and compare the 5α-reductase activities through the expression of SRD5A1, SRD5A2 and AR gene and to determine the level of VEGF, VKOR and SAA gene expression and DNA damage. A total of 30 Saudi women aged between 25 and 35 years were enrolled in the study. The selected women were divided into two groups. The first group (n = 15) received 5 mg finasteride/day for prolonged period of one year and second group (n = 15) was taken as a healthy control. ELISA technique was used for measuring the serum levels of the targeted hormones, and Comet assay was used for checking the DNA integrity. Our findings revealed significant decrement of DHT, E2, progesterone and androstenedione levels and elevated levels of testosterone in group treated with daily oral doses of 5 mg finasteride/day compared with the control subjects. mRNA expression suggested that finasteride has concrete effects on the gene expression of the selected genes from the treated group in comparison with the control group. In addition, finasteride induced DNA damage, and heavy menstrual bleeding was noted in women treated with finasteride. In conclusion, the present findings revealed that finasteride has adverse health effects in women associated with gonadal sex steroids alterations, DNA damage and heavy menstrual bleeding with no consensus in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women.

Inhibitory Effect of Astraxanthin Combined with Flavangenol® on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Streptozotocin-Iduced Diabetic Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (45) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Nakano ◽  
Natsumi Orimo ◽  
Nakako Katagiri ◽  
Masahito Tsubata ◽  
Jiro Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cataract Formation ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

In this study, the effect of dietary antioxidants, such as astaxanthin and Flavangenol®, and a combination of both, in counteracting oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes was investigated. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were divided into four groups: control, astaxanthin, Flavangenol, and combined astaxanthin and Flavangenol (mix group). Each group other than the control group was fed with an astaxanthin diet (0.1 g/kg), Flavangenol diet (2.0 g/kg), or an astaxanthin (0.1 g/kg)-Flavangenol (2.0 g/kg) mixture diet, respectively. After 12 weeks of feeding, the results showed that the lipid peroxide levels of plasma and lens and the plasma triglyceride (TG) level in the mix group were significantly decreased by 44%, 20%, and 20%, respectively, compared with the control group. In the mix group, lipid peroxidation was also significantly reduced by 70% in the liver and 20% in the kidney compared with the control group. Furthermore, the level of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the mix group was significantly lower, 36%, than the control group. The α-tocopherol concentrations in the plasma, liver, and kidney in the astaxanthin and mix groups were significantly higher, 3-9 times, than in the control group. The degree of cataract formation in the Flavangenol and mix groups tended to be lower than the control group. These results indicate that the combination of astaxanthin with Flvangenol has an improved protective effect on oxidative stress associated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes than either agent used alone. Thus, this combination may be beneficial in preventing the progression of diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Expression of Stress-Mediating Genes is Increased in Term Placentas of Women with Chronic Self-Perceived Anxiety and Depression

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Cristina A. Martinez ◽  
Ina Marteinsdottir ◽  
Ann Josefsson ◽  
Gunilla Sydsjö ◽  
Elvar Theodorsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Index Group ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Glcnac Transferase ◽  
Offspring Gender ◽  
Cutoff Threshold

Anxiety, chronical stress, and depression during pregnancy are considered to affect the offspring, presumably through placental dysregulation. We have studied the term placentae of pregnancies clinically monitored with the Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A cutoff threshold for BAI/EPDS of 10 classed patients into an Index group (>10, n = 23) and a Control group (<10, n = 23). Cortisol concentrations in hair (HCC) were periodically monitored throughout pregnancy and delivery. Expression differences of main glucocorticoid pathway genes, i.e., corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD11B2), glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), as well as other key stress biomarkers (Arginine Vasopressin, AVP and O-GlcNAc transferase, OGT) were explored in medial placentae using real-time qPCR and Western blotting. Moreover, gene expression changes were considered for their association with HCC, offspring, gender, and birthweight. A significant dysregulation of gene expression for CRH, AVP, and HSD11B2 genes was seen in the Index group, compared to controls, while OGT and NR3C1 expression remained similar between groups. Placental gene expression of the stress-modulating enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD11B2) was related to both hair cortisol levels (Rho = 0.54; p < 0.01) and the sex of the newborn in pregnancies perceived as stressful (Index, p < 0.05). Gene expression of CRH correlated with both AVP (Rho = 0.79; p < 0.001) and HSD11B2 (Rho = 0.45; p < 0.03), and also between AVP with both HSD11B2 (Rho = 0.6; p < 0.005) and NR3C1 (Rho = 0.56; p < 0.03) in the Control group but not in the Index group; suggesting a possible loss of interaction in the mechanisms of action of these genes under stress circumstances during pregnancy.

900 MHz radiofrequency-induced histopathologic changes and oxidative stress in rat endometrium: protection by vitamins E and C

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Guney ◽  
Fehmi Ozguner ◽  
Baha Oral ◽  
Nermin Karahan ◽  
Tamer Mungan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vitamins E And C ◽  
Histopathologic Changes

There are numerous reports on the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in various cellular systems. Mechanisms of adverse effects of EMR indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a role in the biological effects of this radiation. The aims of this study were to examine 900 MHz mobile phone-induced oxidative stress that promotes production of ROS and to investigate the role of vitamins E and C, which have antioxidant properties, on endometrial tissue against possible 900MHz mobile phone-induced endometrial impairment in rats. The animals were randomly grouped (eight each) as follows: 1) Control group (without stress and EMR, Group I), 2) sham-operated rats stayed without exposure to EMR (exposure device off, Group II), 3) rats exposed to 900MHz EMR (EMR group, Group III) and 4) a 900MHz EMR exposed + vitamin-treated group (EMR + Vit group, Group IV). A 900 MHz EMR was applied to EMR and EMR + Vit group 30min/day, for 30 days using an experimental exposure device. Endometrial levels of nitric oxide (NO, an oxidant product) and malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation), increased in EMR exposed rats while the combined vitamins E and C caused a significant reduction in the levels of NO and MDA. Likewise, endometrial superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities decreased in EMR exposed animals while vitamins E and C caused a significant increase in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes. In the EMR group histopathologic changes in endometrium, diffuse and severe apoptosis was present in the endometrial surface epithelial and glandular cells and the stromal cells. Diffuse eosinophilic leucocyte and lymphocyte infiltration were observed in the endometrial stroma whereas the combination of vitamins E and C caused a significant decrease in these effects of EMR. It is concluded that oxidative endometrial damage plays an important role in the 900 MHz mobile phone-induced endometrial impairment and the modulation of oxidative stress with vitamins E and C reduces the 900MHz mobile phone-induced endometrial damage both at biochemical and histological levels. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2007; 23: 411—420.

The effects of CeO2 nanoparticle (CeNPs) on oxidative stress biomarkers of rat liver mitochondria: In vitro study ‏

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Pourjafar ◽  
Sara Malih ◽  
Akram Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stress Biomarkers

: In recent years, the applications of nanoparticles have received a great attention due to their industrial and biomedical applications, while their beneficial effects suffer from controversial results at clinical stages. In the current study, cytotoxicity of cerium oxide (CeNP) nanoparticles (100 nm) were evaluated using mitochondria derived from wistar rat's liver. Isolated mitochondria from rat’s liver were divided into 7 groups including group 1 as control and group 2 to 7 as treatment group with different doses of CeNP (5, 10, 50, 100, 250 and 500mg/ml, respectively), for 24,48 and 72 hours. After exposure, oxidative stress biomarkers such as total ‎antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total thiol groups (TTG), catalase activity (CAT) and mitochondrial viability, were determined in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Results have shown that CeNPs increase TAC, TTG, CAT, LPO and viability of mitochondria in various exposure times and confirm antioxidant properties of CeNPs in mithocondria while mitochondria is a main source for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

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