scholarly journals The Computing Methods for CO2 Emissions in Maritime Transports

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-627
Author(s):  
Doru Coşofreţ ◽  
Marian Bunea ◽  
Cătălin Popa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Computing Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Marine Diesel

Abstract Nowadays the global climate changes have determined the international bodies to take measures in order to reduce emissions that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The main component of the exhausting gases produced by diesel engines is the CO2 emissions, considered responsible for the greenhouse effect appearance. The CO2 occurrence is largely dependent on the fuel carbon content as used in the diesel engines and further on the fuel consumption. In this context, it is worthwhile considering the maritime transportation activities taking place since 2011 when IMO took steps to reduce the emissions of CO2 from the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines on ships, enforcing their energy efficiency standards. This paper presents a summary of the main methods for determining the CO2 masses from the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines. These computation methods highlight usage opportunities from the sustainable management principles point of view, promoting the concept of energy efficiency onboard the ships. The undertaken researches open new perspectives in regulation framework, offering new tools for GHG ship emissions’ monitoring and evidence.

scholarly journals Electron beam treatment of simulated marine diesel exhaust gases

Nukleonika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Licki ◽  
Andrzej Pawelec ◽  
Zbigniew Zimek ◽  
Sylwia Witman-Zając
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Abstract The exhaust gases from marine diesel engines contain high SO2 and NOx concentration. The applicability of the electron beam flue gas treatment technology for purification of marine diesel exhaust gases containing high SO2 and NOx concentration gases was the main goal of this paper. The study was performed in the laboratory plant with NOx concentration up to 1700 ppmv and SO2 concentration up to 1000 ppmv. Such high NOx and SO2 concentrations were observed in the exhaust gases from marine high-power diesel engines fuelled with different heavy fuel oils. In the first part of study the simulated exhaust gases were irradiated by the electron beam from accelerator. The simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx were obtained and their removal efficiencies strongly depend on irradiation dose and inlet NOx concentration. For NOx concentrations above 800 ppmv low removal efficiencies were obtained even if applied high doses. In the second part of study the irradiated gases were directed to the seawater scrubber for further purification. The scrubbing process enhances removal efficiencies of both pollutants. The SO2 removal efficiencies above 98.5% were obtained with irradiation dose greater than 5.3 kGy. For inlet NOx concentrations of 1700 ppmv the NOx removal efficiency about 51% was obtained with dose greater than 8.8 kGy. Methods for further increase of NOx removal efficiency are presented in the paper.

scholarly journals Zika virus infection from a newborn point of view. TORCH or TORZiCH?

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Tahotná ◽  
Jana Brucknerová ◽  
Ingrid Brucknerová
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome ◽  
The Media

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the group of viruses called arboviruses. Congenital Zika syndrome is a new disease with infectious teratogenic aetiology. The clinical symptoms are divided into morphological and functional. Most severe complication is the foetal brain disruption sequence that includes severe microcephaly, anomalies of the eyes and congenital contractions of joints. The aim of this paper was to review available facts about Zika virus infection from a newborn point of view in a form of the summary of all important information. Zika virus infection is a problem of past, present and future. Epidemics may occur because of global climate changes, also in countries where natural conditions for life of mosquitos are not present. This clearly indicates the need to continue developing of vaccines and specific antiviral drugs. Until this happens, we must adhere individual preventive measures. Zika virus has proven to us how it can affect the health of adults and neonates but also thinking of healthy people. Newborns with microcephaly on the front pages of the media caused in 2015 panic and fear around the world – for this reason education of people is necessary. Due to serious congenital disorders associated with ZIKV infection and global impact of virus we suggest modifying old acronym TORCH for new TORZiCH to accent the position of Zika virus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Combustibility of Fuels for Marine Diesel Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
D. V. Nelyubov ◽  
◽  
L. P. Semihina ◽  
M. I. Fahrutdinov ◽  
A. N. Komersan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Calculating Method ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Quality Indexes

There were studied the influence of composition of foreign marine fuels on its quality indexes which estimate the combustibility and combustion efficiency of this fuels in the marine reciprocators. It was found that using the high-density fuels in the engines of marine technique, which specified for exploitation on the automotive diesel fuels, can be the cause of decreasing the combustion efficiency, increasing of smokiness of exhaust gases and facility of technique’s failure. Using of methyl esters of fatty acids in the marine fuel’s composition in concentrations until 1 mass percent influents positively on combustibility and combustion efficiency. This result in the aggregate of results of other researches of influence these concentrations of FAME on the emulsification and lubricity of marine fuels follows to possibility of its short-time using marine technique. Experimentally proved the necessity of offered calculating method which estimates the combustion efficiency and combustibility of marine fuels. It was found that this method is more adequate and sensitive for estimation of those properties of heavy marine diesel fuels and petroleum diesel fuels with the FAME contention then the method of estimation of Cetane Index (GOST 27768).

scholarly journals Overview of Fuels used for Marine Diesel Engines

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Van Vang Le
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Fuel Source

In the future, when traditional fuels are exhausted, biofuels are the alternative candidate. The more developed the world, the greater the demand for fuel, while the natural resources are not unlimited. Therefore, the search for a new fuel source is more plentiful, more sustainable, less polluting, greenhouse effect and environmentally friendly as well as an opportunity to manage natural resources. In the maritime industry, most of the ships currently are using diesel engines as a propulsion device for propeller spinning, hybrid generators or other equipment. The main solution is to accelerate the research and deployment of applications into practical exploitation and encourage the use of biofuels. To enhance the building of material foundations, the training of human resources, the improvement of the system of policies, legal documents and the enhancement of international cooperation in biofuels development, raising public awareness. on the development of biofuels.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENCY, RENEWABLES AND ECONOMY

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Momir Đurović
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The paper gives results of the investigation of the impact of energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources on the economy in the world. In relation to this, it is also noted that energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources play a vital role in meeting the needs for energy and global climate changes worldwide. Furthermore, a survey is presented of the measures that are being taken in promoting the use of renewable energy sources and the increase of the energy efficiency in Europe and other countries in the world.

scholarly journals Overview of Fuels used for Marine Diesel Engines

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Van Vang Le
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Fuel Source

In the future, when traditional fuels are exhausted, biofuels are the alternative candidate. The more developed the world, the greater the demand for fuel, while the natural resources are not unlimited. Therefore, the search for a new fuel source is more plentiful, more sustainable, less polluting, greenhouse effect and environmentally friendly as well as an opportunity to manage natural resources. In the maritime industry, most of the ships currently are using diesel engines as a propulsion device for propeller spinning, hybrid generators or other equipment. The main solution is to accelerate the research and deployment of applications into practical exploitation and encourage the use of biofuels. To enhance the building of material foundations, the training of human resources, the improvement of the system of policies, legal documents and the enhancement of international cooperation in biofuels development, raising public awareness. on the development of biofuels.

scholarly journals Measuring instruments for determining composition of exhaust gases of ship internal combustion engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Vladimir Anatoljevich Zhukov ◽  
Sergey Andreevich Sherban
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Marine Diesel

The article describes the problem of air pollution by engines of sea and river vessels. Compliance with environmental requirements established by state and international regulatory documents is a prerequisite for the safe operation of sea and river vessels. The composition of the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines should be considered the main and most objective criterion for the environmental safety of marine power plants. The requirements for the exhaust gases composition and the procedure for determining regulated indicators are established by various regulatory documents which indicate only the principle the device operation. Most regulatory documents do not take into account the capabilities of modern devices and design features of ship power plants. In the process of analyzing exhaust gases, the composition of toxic substances and solid particles is determined by gas analyzers and smoke meters. The principles of operation of modern instruments are described, their capabilities and metrological characteristics are presented, and the prospects for using such instruments on sea and river vessels are evaluated. The problems that arise during the analysis of exhaust gases on small displacement vessels with wet exhaust gases are considered. There have been proposed the measures which will improve the quality of marine diesel emissions control and contribute to improving the technical operation of the fleet. The necessity of updating the instrumental base for monitoring toxicity and smoking of exhaust gases of marine diesel engines is indicated. The solution to the problem requires an integrated approach, taking into account the operating conditions of ships, capabilities of measuring equipment, design features of ship engines, requirements of regulatory documents and rules of classification societies.

Perspectives and Regulation of the Russian Market for Project-based Transactions under the Kyoto Protocol

2008 ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
K. Zavodov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
New Form ◽  
Contract Structure ◽  
Carbon Fund

Project-based transactions (PBTs) are a market mechanism of attracting foreign investments in order to abate greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy efficiency of the country’s enterprises. The article provides a classification and analyzes advantages and drawbacks of PBTs from the point of view of a host country. The main trends and factors determining the dynamics of the PBT market are described. Given that Russia currently lags behind the leaders of the PBT market, an incorporation of a state carbon fund is put forward with an aim of channelling PBTs through it. This paper proposes a form of PBT market regulation by incorporating an option mechanism into the contract structure of a transaction. A comparison of the new form of regulation with the tools that are currently in use in Russia and other countries demonstrates its greater economic efficiency under uncertainty.

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