scholarly journals Measuring instruments for determining composition of exhaust gases of ship internal combustion engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Vladimir Anatoljevich Zhukov ◽  
Sergey Andreevich Sherban
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Marine Diesel

The article describes the problem of air pollution by engines of sea and river vessels. Compliance with environmental requirements established by state and international regulatory documents is a prerequisite for the safe operation of sea and river vessels. The composition of the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines should be considered the main and most objective criterion for the environmental safety of marine power plants. The requirements for the exhaust gases composition and the procedure for determining regulated indicators are established by various regulatory documents which indicate only the principle the device operation. Most regulatory documents do not take into account the capabilities of modern devices and design features of ship power plants. In the process of analyzing exhaust gases, the composition of toxic substances and solid particles is determined by gas analyzers and smoke meters. The principles of operation of modern instruments are described, their capabilities and metrological characteristics are presented, and the prospects for using such instruments on sea and river vessels are evaluated. The problems that arise during the analysis of exhaust gases on small displacement vessels with wet exhaust gases are considered. There have been proposed the measures which will improve the quality of marine diesel emissions control and contribute to improving the technical operation of the fleet. The necessity of updating the instrumental base for monitoring toxicity and smoking of exhaust gases of marine diesel engines is indicated. The solution to the problem requires an integrated approach, taking into account the operating conditions of ships, capabilities of measuring equipment, design features of ship engines, requirements of regulatory documents and rules of classification societies.

Maintenance and repair of marine diesel engines. In 4 volumes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Sherstnev
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Main Components

The second volume of the textbook shows the design features of the main components and parts of the movement groups that affect their working conditions and methods of maintenance and repair. Recommendations on the frequency of regulated work and possible malfunctions are given. With examples from ship practice, the methods of disassembly-assembly, defection and repair of the main components and parts of the movement groups are considered. The previous and subsequent volumes show the design features, provide recommendations on the frequency of regulated work and maintenance and repair of other components and parts of marine diesel engines. It is intended for students of higher educational institutions in the specialty "Operation of marine power plants" and university teachers. It may be useful for ship mechanics.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) REMOVAL SYSTEMS FROM EXHAUST GASES OF DIESEL ENGINES

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Т.Н. БЕГУНКОВ
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Hazardous Compounds ◽  
Harmful Effects

Проблема и цель. Дизельные двигатели отличаются высокой эффективностью, долговечностью и надежностью, а также низкими эксплуатационными расходами. Эти важные особенности делают их наиболее предпочтительными двигателями, особенно для транспортных средств большой грузоподъемности. Потребность в мобильных энергетических средствах с дизельными двигателями внутреннего сгорания в качестве энергетических установок в условиях сельскохозяйственного производства огромна. Целью анализа явилась потребность в разработке нового устройства для удаления опасных соединений из отработавших газов дизельных двигателей и обосновании его параметров. Методы и объекты исследования. Главным объектом исследования данной работы являются отработавшие газы, генерируемые энергетическими установками в виде дизельных двигателей внутреннего сгорания, поэлементный состав газов, их воздействие на человека, животных и окружающую среду. Рассмотрены методы снижения их вредоносного воздействия, нейтрализации опасных составляющих элементов или их преобразования до безопасных соединений, не угрожающих негативным воздействием на человека, животных и окружающую среду. Результаты. Поиск по теме проводился в отечественных и зарубежных источниках. Анализирован качественный и количественный состав отработавших газов дизельных двигателей, воздействие составляющих элементов газов на окружающую среду. Изучены нормативно-правовые акты, регламентирующие экологическую безопасность и природоохранную деятельность в Российской Федерации и Европейском Союзе. Дана их сравнительная характеристика, найдены общие точки взаимодействия. Исследованы основные методы борьбы с опасными соединениями в отработавших газах. Проведена сравнительная характеристика их эффективности. Рассмотрена возможность введения передовых разработок в эксплуатацию на используемых мобильных энергетических средствах с низкими показателями экологической эффективности. Описаны основные методики разработки научно-технических решений, позволяющих сократить экологический ущерб, наносимый отработавшими газами энергетических установок рабочему персоналу, сельскохозяйственным животным, растениям и окружающей среде. Заключение. В результате поставлена специализированная узконаправленная задача по разработке устройства, способного сократить вредное воздействие токсичных веществ, содержащихся в отработавшем газе дизельных двигателей. Diesel engines are characterized by high efficiency, durability and reliability, as well as low operating costs. These important features make them the most preferred engines, especially for heavy duty vehicles. The demand for mobile power units with diesel internal combustion engines as power plants in agricultural production is enormous. The purpose of the analysis was the need to develop a new device for removing hazardous compounds from the exhaust gases of diesel engines and to substantiate its parameters. Objects and research methods. The main object of this work is the exhaust gases generated by power plants in the form of diesel internal combustion engines. Their element composition, impact on humans, animals and the environment. Methods for reducing their harmful effects. Neutralization of hazardous constituent elements or their transformation to safe compounds that do not threaten negative effects on humans, animals and the environment. Analytical part. A search on the topic was carried out in domestic and foreign sources. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the exhaust gases of diesel engines, the impact of its constituent elements on the environment are analyzed. The regulatory legal acts regulating environmental safety and environmental protection activities in the Russian Federation and the European Union have been studied. Their comparative characteristics are given, common points of interaction are found. The main methods of dealing with hazardous compounds in exhaust gases have been investigated. A comparative characteristic of their effectiveness is carried out. The possibility of introducing advanced developments into operation on the used mobile power facilities with low indicators of environmental efficiency is considered. The main methods of development of scientific and technical solutions are described, allowing to reduce the environmental damage caused by the exhaust gases of power plants to working personnel, farm animals, plants and the environment. Conclusions. As a result, a specialized narrowly focused task was set to develop a device capable of reducing the harmful effects of toxic substances contained in the exhaust gas of diesel engines.

scholarly journals Reduction of the Negative Impact on the Environment By Optimizing the Combustion Process in Diesel Engines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Barinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Ignition Process ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases

The article considers the problem of the negative impact of the exhaust gases of diesel internal combustion engines on the environment and human health. The types of organization of the ignition process and the process of fuel combustion in a diesel engine are considered. The reasons for the occurrence of increased particulate matter in internal combustion engines in exhaust gases are also described. The main factors affecting the delay of ignition are given. The main stages of soot formation in diesel internal combustion engines are described. The influence of temperature distribution in the jets of injected fuel and the dependence of emissions on the coefficient of excess air are considered. As a result, the main conclusions are given on ensuring the reduction of solid particles in the exhaust gases of diesel engines by optimizing the combustion process.

Increasing the durability of the coupling "crankshaft neck – bearing liner" by applying nanocomposite additives to the engine oils of marine medium-speed diesel engines

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Л.Б. Леонтьев ◽  
Н.П. Шапкин ◽  
А.Л. Леонтьев ◽  
В.Н. Макаров ◽  
А.В. Арон
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Optimal Material ◽  
Technical Operation

Повышение долговечности трибосопряжений судовых дизелей, определяющих их ресурс, представляет собой актуальнейшую проблему, обусловленную как безопасностью мореплавания, так и экономическими факторами. Основной причиной отказов коленчатых валов двигателей, определяющих необходимость капитального ремонта, является износ шеек. Решение проблемы повышения износостойкости и, соответственно, долговечности связано с применением трибоактивных присадок в смазку. Несмотря на глубокие и обстоятельные исследования в области применения органо-неорганических материалов для использования в качестве присадок в моторное масло для повышения долговечности трибоузлов осуществить выбор оптимального материала для конкретных условий практически невозможно, так как исследования выполнены для различных условий эксплуатации и по различным методикам. Цель работы – разработка триботехнической присадки к моторным маслам, обеспечивающей повышение надежности и эффективности технической эксплуатации судовыхсреднеоборотных дизелей путем формирования тонкопленочного металлокерамического покрытия на поверхностях трения стальных деталей трибоузлов, позволяющего получить оптимальный комплекс параметров материала износостойкого покрытия. В работе представлены исследования эксплуатационных свойств присадок в моторное масло 17 органо-неорганических триботехнических материалов 4 групп — природные и искусственные полимеры, из которых были изготовлены свыше 20 композиций и композитов. Установлено, что наиболее перспективным является использование нанокомпозитов на основе вермикулита, модифицированного кислотой, в качестве присадок в моторное масло, так как они обладают минимальными коэффициентом трения при граничной смазке (0,007–0,014) а также высокой износостойкостью стали 40Х и обеспечивают минимальную величину скорости изнашивания вкладыша подшипника, благодаря чему повышается ресурс трибосопряжения более, чем в 3 раза, и соответственно снижаются эксплуатационные расходы. Increasing the durability of the tribo-couplings of marine diesel engines, which determine their resource, is an urgent problem due to both the safety of navigation and economic factors. The main reason for engine crankshafts failures, which determine the need for major repairs, is the wear of the necks. The solution to the problem of increasing wear resistance and, accordingly, durability is associated with the use of triboactive additives in the lubricant. Despite in-depth and thorough research in the field of application of organo-inorganic materials for use as additives in engine oil to increase the durability of tribo-nodes, it is almost impossible to choose the optimal material for specific conditions, since the studies were carried out for various operating conditions and according to various methods. The purpose of the work is to develop a tribotechnical additive to motor oils that provides an increase in the reliability and efficiency of technical operation of medium-speed marine diesel engines by forming a thin-film metal-ceramic coating on the friction surfaces of steel parts of tribo-nodes, which allows to obtain an optimal set of parameters of the wear-resistant coating material. The paper presents studies of the operational properties of additives in engine oil of 17 organo-inorganic tribotechnical materials of 4 groups — natural and artificial polymers, from which more than 20 compositions and composites were made. It has been established that the most promising is the use of nanocomposites based on vermiculite modified with acid as additives in engine oil, since they have a minimum coefficient of friction with boundary lubrication (0.007-0.014) as well as high wear resistance of 40X steel and provide a minimum wear rate of the bearing liner, thereby increasing the tribo-tension life by more than 3 times, and, accordingly, operating costs are reduced.

scholarly journals The Computing Methods for CO2 Emissions in Maritime Transports

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-627
Author(s):  
Doru Coşofreţ ◽  
Marian Bunea ◽  
Cătălin Popa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Computing Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Marine Diesel

Abstract Nowadays the global climate changes have determined the international bodies to take measures in order to reduce emissions that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The main component of the exhausting gases produced by diesel engines is the CO2 emissions, considered responsible for the greenhouse effect appearance. The CO2 occurrence is largely dependent on the fuel carbon content as used in the diesel engines and further on the fuel consumption. In this context, it is worthwhile considering the maritime transportation activities taking place since 2011 when IMO took steps to reduce the emissions of CO2 from the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines on ships, enforcing their energy efficiency standards. This paper presents a summary of the main methods for determining the CO2 masses from the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines. These computation methods highlight usage opportunities from the sustainable management principles point of view, promoting the concept of energy efficiency onboard the ships. The undertaken researches open new perspectives in regulation framework, offering new tools for GHG ship emissions’ monitoring and evidence.

scholarly journals Electron beam treatment of simulated marine diesel exhaust gases

Nukleonika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Licki ◽  
Andrzej Pawelec ◽  
Zbigniew Zimek ◽  
Sylwia Witman-Zając
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Abstract The exhaust gases from marine diesel engines contain high SO2 and NOx concentration. The applicability of the electron beam flue gas treatment technology for purification of marine diesel exhaust gases containing high SO2 and NOx concentration gases was the main goal of this paper. The study was performed in the laboratory plant with NOx concentration up to 1700 ppmv and SO2 concentration up to 1000 ppmv. Such high NOx and SO2 concentrations were observed in the exhaust gases from marine high-power diesel engines fuelled with different heavy fuel oils. In the first part of study the simulated exhaust gases were irradiated by the electron beam from accelerator. The simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx were obtained and their removal efficiencies strongly depend on irradiation dose and inlet NOx concentration. For NOx concentrations above 800 ppmv low removal efficiencies were obtained even if applied high doses. In the second part of study the irradiated gases were directed to the seawater scrubber for further purification. The scrubbing process enhances removal efficiencies of both pollutants. The SO2 removal efficiencies above 98.5% were obtained with irradiation dose greater than 5.3 kGy. For inlet NOx concentrations of 1700 ppmv the NOx removal efficiency about 51% was obtained with dose greater than 8.8 kGy. Methods for further increase of NOx removal efficiency are presented in the paper.

Thermal modelling of modern diesel engines: proposal of a new heat transfer coefficient correlation

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (11) ◽  
pp. 1544-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Finol ◽  
K Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Simple Relationship

Existing methods for predicting heat fluxes and temperatures in internal combustion engines, which take the form of correlations to estimate the heat transfer coefficient on the gas-side of the combustion chamber, are based on methodology developed over the past 50 years, often updated in view of more recent experimental data. The application of these methods to modern diesels engines is questionable because key technologies found in current engines did not exist or were not widely used when those methods were developed. Examples of such technologies include: high-pressure common rail and variable fuel injection strategies including retarded injection for nitrogen oxides emission control; exhaust gas re-circulation; high levels of intake boost pressure provided by a single- or double-stage turbocharger and inter-cooling; multiple valves per cylinder and lower swirl; and advanced engine management systems. This suggests a need for improved predicting tools of thermal conditions, specifically temperature and heat flux profiles in the engine block and cylinder head. In this paper a modified correlation to predict the gas-side heat transfer coefficient in diesel engines is presented. The equation proposed is a simple relationship between Nu and Re calibrated to predict the instantaneous spatially averaged heat transfer coefficient at several operating conditions using air as gas in the model. It was derived from the analysis of experimental data obtained in a modern diesel engine and is supported by a research methodology comprising the application of thermodynamic principles and fundamental equations of heat transfer. The results showed that the new correlation adequately predicted the instantaneous coefficient throughout the operating cycle of a high-speed diesel engine. It also estimated the corresponding cycle-averaged heat transfer coefficient within 10 per cent of the experimental value for the operating conditions considered in the analysis.

Paper 11: Feed Pumps for Modern Steam Boiler Applications, Design, Development, and Operation

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (14) ◽  
pp. 108-148
Author(s):  
P. S. Neporozhnii ◽  
A. K. Kirsh
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Feed Pump ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Power Plant Equipment ◽  
Plant Equipment

This paper describes the operating conditions which form the basis for determining the various types of feed pump units needed to equip the main power plant equipment in the U.S.S.R. The principles upon which the feed pump groups are selected, according to the type of equipment installed in different power plants, are considered. The system diagrams and design features of the feed pumps are presented, together with descriptions of how they are driven.

scholarly journals STATE AND PROSPECTS OF SHIP ENGINE-BUILDING IN RUSSIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Oleg Konstantinovich Bezjukov ◽  
Vladimir Anatoljevich Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Current State ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The course of the government of the Russian Federation for the development of the sea and river fleet is determined by a number of Federal target programs. These programs provide for the modernization of the composition of the sea, river and fishing fleet. The article provides analysis of the current state of the civil fleet of the Russian Federation, as well as an overview of engines that are part of the power plants of the vessels in service. There are considered prospects for the development of shipbuilding in Russia on the basis of plans for construction of different purpose vessels. Achieving the goal set by the fovernment should be ensured taking into account the policy of import substitution of the most important elements of sea and river technology. The authors state that the solution of the tasks is impossible without the development of ship propulsion engineering in Russia. The article presents the review of engine-building enterprises of the Russian Federation and products manufactured by them, most attention being given to engine rotational velocity and output. The authors give a comparative analysis to diesel engines produced in Russia and engines of leading foreign manufacturers, which is based on main technical and economic parameters, such as specific effective fuel consumption, average effective pressure, specific gravity, etc. The results of analysis helped to establish the most promising domestic manufacturers of diesel engines capable to compete with foreign manufacturers of marine diesel engines. The article shows the prospects of converting versatile engines produced at domestic enterprises into marine engines, with appropriate modernization of their systems and use of domestic components in their design which meet modern requirements. The article shows the most promising engines of Russian manufacturers, their technical and economic characteristics, which ensure competitiveness; gives the dimensions of advanced engines. The article contains recommendations for ensuring the developing and production of competitive marine engines intended for sea, fishing and river fleets in the Russian Federation.

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