scholarly journals Increasing Africa’s Share of Vertical Investments through Single Window Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Ndonga
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Global Market ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Tariff Barrier ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Window Systems ◽  
Vertical Fdi ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe growth of international trade in recent years has highlighted the importance of customs authorities as the gateway to the global market. However, border delays and inefficiencies resulting from cumbersome documentation requirements have disrupted the flow of goods and acted as a non-tariff barrier to international trade in many African countries. Additionally, these same deficiencies have interrupted the inward flow of vertical Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). When searching for suitable locations to establish manufacturing plants, foreign investors place emphasis on a number of factors such as the cost of exporting, expediency of importing time sensitive production inputs and distance to target markets. Customs efficiency plays a major role in positively influencing these factors and hence forms a crucial part of any investment decision. This article examines the negative impact of inefficient border procedures on vertical FDI inflows to Africa. The article recommends the implementation of single window systems as an investment facilitation tool.

scholarly journals The further the distance, the closer the ties.

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
André Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Negative Sign ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Analysis ◽  
The Impact

In his article ‘death of distance’, Caincross (1997) challenged the orthodoxy with regard to the role and direction of proximity in international trade. The mainstream model for trade analysis, the gravity model has only two prominent determinants – one of which is distance. But while this theory predicts a negative impact of distance on trade, empirical evidence seems to be evenly split between those finding a positive and those finding a negative impact of distance on trade. South Africa’s total exports to three groups of countries at different distances are measured to determine the impact of distance. The results indicate that distance shows a negative sign when African countries are concerned but turns positive when European countries, even more distant, enter the equation.

scholarly journals Impact of Tariffs and Nontariff Barriers on the International Trade

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Ibragimova Naylya Muradovna
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Tariff Barrier ◽  
Foreign Products ◽  
Nontariff Barriers ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Barrier Regulation

In the modern world economy, tariff and non-tariff barrier regulation actsas an effective regulator, promoting greater openness of the market, oras the most widespread foreign trade instrument of protectionism. Over the past decades there has been a steady decline in the rates of import customs duties. On the other hand, non-tariff measures to regulate foreign trade are being applied more and more effectively. But at the same time customs and tariff policy continues to be a key factor determining the national trade regime and the conditions for access of foreign products to the domestic market.The main purpose of this research is to assess the influence of tariffs and non-tariff barriers on international trade, asthese factors play an essential role in the international trade.The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the work of scientists in the field of finance, state regulation of foreign economic activity and international relations. In the methodology part gravity model regression is assessed for tariff and non-tariff measures (NTMs)regulatingforeign trade flows. As result, non-tariff barriers (NTMs) such as Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPS) and Technical Barriers to trade (TBT) have had the largest negative impact.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

The Development of Slovenia in the European Union: Social Aspects

2017 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Iryna Butyrska
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Regime Stability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

The author proves that the successful stability of independent Slovenia contributed to a number of factors, existing since its being incorporated in the SFRY. The factor, uniting the state has become the common goal – the aspiration to join the EU. The process of the European integration contributed to the modernization of a number of spheres, in particular social, cultural and economic ones. The global financial and economic crisis has revealed the turmoil in the economy of the state and its leadership was forced to gradually reduce a significant part of social privileges for the population. This caused the tension in the society and reduced the level of the national unity, having a negative impact on people’s wellbeing. However, since 2014, the Prime Minister M. Cherar has been trying to restore people’s trust in the state. The situation is getting better; indicators of trust in government are increasing, which also points to state capacity and political regime stability in Slovenia. Keywords: Slovenia, state stability, social sphere, government

scholarly journals International Trade and Human Capital Investment with Heterogeneous Firms and Workers: Modeling and Analysis

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1106
Author(s):  
Jaewon Jung
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Heterogeneous Firms ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Trade Model

Though the importance of organizational behavior and human decision processes within firms for the firm performance has largely been recognized in the business and management literature, much less attention has been devoted to studying such implications in the international trade context. This paper develops a general-equilibrium trade model in which heterogeneous workers make an investment decision in acquiring advanced managerial skills and choose their optimal effort level based on their comparative advantage. In doing so, we show how globalization-induced human capital accumulation within firms leads to sustainable economic growth. We also show that workers’ organizational belief and CEO’s managerial vision may be an important element for the human capital formation within firms and for the performance of firms in a global economy.

scholarly journals Pharmacoeconomics in Africa: needs, prospect and challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Ben-Ajepe ◽  
Ifechukwu Benedict Nwogu ◽  
Damilola Quazeem Olaoye ◽  
Abdulhafeez Ayodele Mustapha ◽  
Theogene Uwizeyimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Therapy Choice ◽  
Medication Selection ◽  
Healthcare Interventions ◽  
The Cost

AbstractAfrica as a continent has experienced a continuous increase in the cost of healthcare as its demands increase. With many of these African countries living below the poverty threshold, Africans continue to die from preventable and curable diseases. Population increases have led to an increase in demands for healthcare, which unfortunately have been met with inequitable distribution of drugs. Hence, the outcomes from healthcare interventions are frequently not maximized. These problems notably call for some economic principles and policies to guide medication selection, procurement, or donation for population prioritization or health insurance. Pharmacoeconomics drives efficient use of scarce or limited resources to maximize healthcare benefits and reduce costs. It also brings to play tools that rate therapy choice based on the quality of life added to the patient after a choice of intervention was made over an alternative. In this paper, we commented on the needs, prospect, and challenges of pharmacoeconomics in Africa.

Estimating the Borrowing Behavior of French and German Firms. An Econometric Analysis / Verschuldungsverhalten französischer und deutscher Unternehmen. Eine ökonometrische Analyse

2001 ◽  
Vol 221 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kremp ◽  
Elmar Stöß
Keyword(s):  
Firm Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Monetary Transmission ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Deutsche Bundesbank ◽  
The Cost

SummaryThis paper investigates the borrowing behavior of 2,900 French and 1,300 German firms over the 1987-95 period. Both samples based on data sets of the Banque de France and the Deutsche Bundesbank not only include large but also small and medium-sized enterprises. Applying GMM techniques, we estimate identical debt equations for the two total samples and by size class. Despite the large differences between the two countries in term of debt trends over time and size class the main result is the similarity of a few determinants between France and Germany. E.g. we find that firm growth has a positive impact on borrowing according to the theory of signalling whereas the negative correlation of profit and debt supports pecking order approach and the cost of finance has a negative impact on leverage, too. Additionally, the study can provide some insights for the monetary transmission mechanism in both EMU member countries.

Cost of capital and asset characteristic value

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150007
Author(s):  
Bill Y. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Credit Spread ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Characteristic Value ◽  
Option Theory ◽  
The Cost

We propose a possible alternative to WACC as cost of capital for a business investment decision through option theory. The cost of capital in this new definition becomes forward-looking and easy to compute with traded market information as inputs. More importantly, it is a fair value- based approach and does not depend on investors’ own expectation. An important parameter “asset characteristic value” is identified and its role is further illustrated by using Merton’s capital structure model. Asset characteristic value can be calibrated by using stock price or credit spread observed from a secondary market.

Analysis of the russian market of mergers and acquisitions

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
R. O. Voskanian
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linear Decline

The subject of the research is the Russian market of mergers and acquisitions in the period from 2009 to 2019. The author has examined the economic essence of mergers and acquisitions, analysed the number of transactions of both types on the Russian market. The article analyses foreign participation in the Russian market of mergers and acquisitions reveals a tendency to its linear decline from 2011 to the present. Also were identified three sectors of the Russian economy leaders in the number of target companies (banks, agriculture, transport and infrastructure). A conclusion has been formulated on the negative impact of the current economic situation on the Russian and global market for mergers and acquisitions, suggesting a decrease in the number and amount of mergers and acquisitions in the coming years.

Chairman cotton: Socialist Bulgaria’s cotton trade with African countries during the early Cold War (1946–70)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jan Zofka
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Mutual Economic ◽  
Mutual Economic Assistance ◽  
Globalization Studies ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Cotton Trade

Abstract This article follows Bulgarian officials engaged in cotton and textile exchange with African states in the early Cold War. These officials founded enterprises for carrying out transactions, collected information on prices at international cotton exchanges and attended meetings of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) to coordinate trade activities in capitalist markets. Exploring how Bulgarian foreign trade organizations positioned themselves on the scene of international trade, this article argues that cotton traders, instead of upholding the supposed bloc bipolarity of the Cold War, followed the logic of the markets they worked in. A focus on trade infrastructures in particular shows that early Cold War East–South trade was not as strictly bilateral as official agreements and statistics suggest and reveals the systematic embeddedness of the socialist traders’ practices in global capitalist structures. In the field of cotton, the globalizing economy of the early Cold War was not cut in half, as globalization studies have implied.

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