scholarly journals Impact of Tariffs and Nontariff Barriers on the International Trade

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Ibragimova Naylya Muradovna
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Tariff Barrier ◽  
Foreign Products ◽  
Nontariff Barriers ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Barrier Regulation

In the modern world economy, tariff and non-tariff barrier regulation actsas an effective regulator, promoting greater openness of the market, oras the most widespread foreign trade instrument of protectionism. Over the past decades there has been a steady decline in the rates of import customs duties. On the other hand, non-tariff measures to regulate foreign trade are being applied more and more effectively. But at the same time customs and tariff policy continues to be a key factor determining the national trade regime and the conditions for access of foreign products to the domestic market.The main purpose of this research is to assess the influence of tariffs and non-tariff barriers on international trade, asthese factors play an essential role in the international trade.The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the work of scientists in the field of finance, state regulation of foreign economic activity and international relations. In the methodology part gravity model regression is assessed for tariff and non-tariff measures (NTMs)regulatingforeign trade flows. As result, non-tariff barriers (NTMs) such as Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPS) and Technical Barriers to trade (TBT) have had the largest negative impact.

International trade

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Анастасия Руднева ◽  
Anastasiya Rudneva
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

The textbook examines the essence, place and role of international trade in the system of modern world economic relations and in ensuring international economic security, as well as forms and methods of international trade. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of pricing and state regulation of this form of MEO, including in the framework of the world trade organization, as well as trends in the development of international trade in the context of the transformation of its geographical and commodity structure, taking into account modern challenges and threats. The textbook is intended for bachelors studying in the direction of "Economics", graduate students, teachers and a wide range of readers interested in the discipline.

scholarly journals CARTELS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Елена Вячеславовна Зенкина ◽  
Валерий Максимович Тумин ◽  
Пётр Александрович Костромин
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Cartel ◽  
Organization Of Production ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
Domestic Companies

In the modern world economy, an extremely important role is played by large international holding-type companies, often referred to as transnational corporations, financial, financial-industrial and other groups. The enterprises of such companies are located and operate in most countries of the world and have a significant impact on the main parameters of the functioning of a wide variety of markets for goods and services. With their economic potential, which often exceeds the corresponding potential of individual states, these companies are able to influence the development of market relations in both positive and negative directions. The so-called international cartel agreements, which generally mean mutual agreements between companies that often contradict the current legislation of countries, in order to establish a monopoly on certain goods (services) produced, control and capture markets, have a particularly acute negative impact on markets. In this regard, the article presents a brief history of the activities of international cartels and law enforcement practice to restrict their activities. The forms and key provisions of cartel collusion of enterprises of various industry orientations and spheres of activity are characterized. Some compensation schemes and forms of punishment for suppressing fraudulent actions of cartel participants are outlined. At the same time, there are shown situations when cartel agreements have a positive impact on the development of production, international trade and market relations. Despite strict antitrust laws, international cartels are created and operate in the markets, which should be taken into account by domestic companies when planning the results of work for them 

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND GLOBAL CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliia Poliakova ◽  
Larysa Yaremko ◽  
Oksana Shayda
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
The World

The article is devoted to the analysis of trends in international trade in the conditions of current global challenges, including the pandemic that led to the introduction of quarantine restrictions, lockdown, and closure of national borders causing one of the largest economic crises in the last century. The article also aims to substantiate the role of exports for economic development of countries. Important global trends that have been observed are identified, the processes of development of the sphere of international trade are determined, and the position of the World Trade Organization in the researched issues is highlighted. The article outlines the peculiarities of the application of a number of measures aimed at regulating foreign trade flows including a significant restriction of exports of certain categories of goods and simplification of import procedures for goods needed to combat the pandemic in the countries of the world. An econometric model (a panel regression model) is constructed to illustrate the dependence of the gross domestic product of the twenty leading countries on their exports of goods and services. The study proves that the growth of exports of goods and services will directly lead to GDP growth. It is substantiated that, in the conditions of emergence and long-term action of the trends and with a simultaneous absence of means preventing the negative influence of global factors on international trade in general and foreign trade of separate countries of the world, there is a danger of reduction of their role as an important factor of economic growth. The trends of development of foreign trade of Ukraine are considered in the period of the pandemic, in particular its commodity and geographical structure, rates of change of volumes of trade flows. The stress is laid on the high export-oriented raw materials, the steady trend of import dependence and the preservation of the negative balance of the foreign trade balance of our country. The common features and differences in the processes of foreign trade operations by the EU member states and Ukraine are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the need to create effective response mechanisms at the state level that can reduce the negative impact of global challenges on the country’s foreign trade.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGY OF FORESIGHT-ANALYSIS IN FORECASTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Ilona Dumanska
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the systemic principles of implementation of foresight-analysis of international trade as a method of strategic forecasting at the macro level, the formation of its methodological tools and implementation models. Methodology. The article used general and special research methods. Classification of types of foresight-analysis of the development of international trade and their characteristics, the formation of a set of factors influencing it was based on grouping, synthesis and formalization. Economic modeling, scientific abstraction, systems analysis were used in building a model of foresight-analysis of international trade and identified the factors of negative impact on it. Using the method of coefficients, structural analysis and analytical comparison offers groups of economic indicators of foreign trade to analyze the development of international trade in the preparatory stage of foresight-analysis. Results. It is established that the system of classifications of foresight-analysis allows its application not only at the national level of forecasting the development of trade, but also internationally. It is revealed that when applying the methodology of foresight-analysis of international trade development it is necessary to take into account the purposeful influence of endogenous and exogenous factors. The model of providing the methodology of foresight-analysis of the development of international trade is structured, which includes the following components: system methodology, strategic guidelines, information and analytical support, implementation process and a set of methodological tools. It is found that the combined application of methods (quantitative, qualitative, mixed) in the foresight-analysis of the development of international trade provides maximum efficiency. The addition of the structure of economic methods of foresight-analysis by a group of economic indicators that assess the level of development of foreign trade of a country is substantiated and proposed. Practical implementation. Formation of methodological tools and models for the implementation of foresight-analysis of the development of international trade, taking into account the specifics of foreign trade policy of states based on a consolidated group of economic indicators. Value/originality. The proposed groups of economic indicators can be used in the decomposition of methods of foresight-analysis of international trade to confirm the effectiveness of strategic directions of foreign trade policy and sound forecasting of its effectiveness in the future.

scholarly journals Increasing Africa’s Share of Vertical Investments through Single Window Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Ndonga
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Global Market ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Tariff Barrier ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Window Systems ◽  
Vertical Fdi ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe growth of international trade in recent years has highlighted the importance of customs authorities as the gateway to the global market. However, border delays and inefficiencies resulting from cumbersome documentation requirements have disrupted the flow of goods and acted as a non-tariff barrier to international trade in many African countries. Additionally, these same deficiencies have interrupted the inward flow of vertical Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). When searching for suitable locations to establish manufacturing plants, foreign investors place emphasis on a number of factors such as the cost of exporting, expediency of importing time sensitive production inputs and distance to target markets. Customs efficiency plays a major role in positively influencing these factors and hence forms a crucial part of any investment decision. This article examines the negative impact of inefficient border procedures on vertical FDI inflows to Africa. The article recommends the implementation of single window systems as an investment facilitation tool.

REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN AND THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION: INTEGRATION OPPORTUNITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Nabi Ziyadullayev ◽  
◽  
Ulugbek Ziyadullayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cis Countries

The article reveals the features of the international trade, economic and integration priorities of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The conceptual approaches to joining the WTO, diversification of the geography and structure of foreign trade, as well as the expansion of foreign economic cooperation with world and regional powers, the CIS countries and Central Asia are substantiated. Particular attention is paid to risks and building vectors for effective interaction with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), as well as mitigating the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the national economy.

SOCIAL ASPECTS OF NATIONAL SAFETY OF THE STATE

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
O. B. Berezovska-Chmil
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Security ◽  
National Security ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

  In this article theoretical and еmpirical analysis of social security are conducted. Ways of the optimization social security are argumented. The author notes that significant transformation processes are taking place in the country. They affect the state of security. It is noted that with the development of scientific and technological progress the number of threats and dangers does not decrease. At the same time, the essence of the phenomenon of "danger" is revealed. Empirical studies have been carried out on the basis of an analysis of problems related to ensuring the necessary safety of people. It is established that in recent times organized crime, including cybercrime, has spread widely in Ukraine. It has a negative impact on ensuring national security and sustainable development. A number of factors have been singled out. They are a potential threat to national security. Groups of possible dangers are determined. Summarizing the opinions of scientists, the essence of the concept of "social security" is characterized. It is emphasized that its state is influenced by the level of economic development, the effectiveness of social policy of the state and state regulation of social development. The authors have grounded the formation of national and social security, have proved that sustainable development is connected with the observance of social standards; have considered the development and implementation of a balanced social and environmental and economic policy. This policy would involve active use of the latest production technologies, minimizing the amount of harmful emissions to the environment, strengthening the role of the state in solving social and economic problems and sustainable development.

PRACTICES OF DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY FINANCIAL POLICY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INNOVATION OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Vitaliy MARTYNIUK
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
Key Factor

Introduction. Article reviews the current state and key aspects of financial policy in higher education and it’s innovative development in Ukraine. Through education institutions achieved increase of social standards, needs and increase welfare, increase the competitiveness of the state as a whole. Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to determine the characteristics of the development strategy of financial policy of innovative development of higher education and finding ways to improve its implementation. Results. The article deals with the importance of an innovative approach to the development of financial strategy in higher education. The ways to improve the effectiveness of the financial policy of innovative development of higher education are defined. Today an important form of state regulation of the economy is macroeconomic planning and forecasting. Conclusion. Innovative development of higher education is the foundation of economic growth of the economy and improvement of social standards. The financial policy of the state in this area is aimed, ultimately, to ensure the welfare of all members of society. Achieving high rates of innovation in the field of higher education facilities by building efficient system of economic mechanisms of financing. Important direct result of providing innovative educational services not only to order the state or the employer, but also on the personal needs of citizens in their development. The level of education is a key factor the ability of the workforce to adapt to new conditions, increase overall efficiency, etc.

scholarly journals Features of consumer behavior of Russian tourists in duty-free shops

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 09020
Author(s):  
Natalia Strekalova ◽  
Elena Korchagina ◽  
Larisa Desfonteines
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Marketing Managers ◽  
Budget Restrictions

In the modern world, a new category of travelers (global shoppers) has appeared. They are people who spend their time for shopping on abroad trips. The article considers the problem of understanding the consumer behavior of Russian tourists (Russian global shoppers) in duty-free shops. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of consumer behavior, motives and habits of Russian tourists when shopping at duty free stores at airports. A pilot study was conducted by questionnaire survey at the airport. The results of the study showed that Russian tourists consider shopping (duty free) as part of their trip abroad. They are looking for a favorable price / quality ratio. Many of them do not plan their shopping in advance, but adhere to certain budget restrictions. The paper offers suggestions to improve customer satisfaction. The results of the study are useful for business persons and marketing managers in the international trade sphere.

scholarly journals Administrative Costs and Tariff Rates in the Presence of Customs Evasion: Evidence from Ecuador

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Jazmín González Aguirre ◽  
Alberto Del Villar
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Transfer Function Model ◽  
Administrative Cost ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Tariff Rates ◽  
Budgetary Expenditure

This paper seeks to assess the effectiveness of customs policies in increasing the resources devoted to controlling and inspection. Specifically, it seeks to analyze whether an increase in the administrative cost of collecting taxes on foreign trade in Ecuador contributes to reducing customs fraud. To this end, we identify and estimate a transfer function model (ARIMAX), considering information on foreign trade such as official international trade statistics report and tariff rates, as well as the execution of budgetary expenditure and Ecuador’s gross domestic product (GDP). The period under study includes quarterly series from 2006 to 2018. The results obtained by the model indicate that allocating greater material and budgetary resources to combat customs fraud does not always achieve the objective of reducing customs evasion.

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