Sociocultural linguistic approaches to code switching in Japanese women’s talk in interaction: Region, gender, and language

Multilingua ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-720
Author(s):  
Holly HK Didi-Ogren
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Regional Dialect ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
Linguistic Approaches

AbstractThis article takes a sociocultural linguistic approach to code switching in investigating discursive functions of shifts between Standard Japanese and a regional dialect (Iwate Dialect) in women’s activity-centered, naturally occurring interactions. The paper extends previous scholarship to a consideration of how shifts are used for discursive functions such as expressing or seeking alignment; provides support for taking a talk-in-interaction theoretical perspective on code switching; and articulates a basis of support for this theoretical perspective by suggesting a methodological approach that combines close analysis of stretches of talk (DA/CA) with contextual information that informs our understanding of such talk (ethnography of communication). Furthermore, the paper illustrates the intersection of gender, region, and competing language ideologies; and contributes to the lacuna of language-in-use research on dialects in Japan. Excerpts are drawn from a data set of naturally-occurring interactions compiled over two years of fieldwork in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

Some statistical and CI models to predict chaotic high-frequency financial data

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6419-6430
Author(s):  
Dusan Marcek
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Optimal Population ◽  
Forecast Time

To forecast time series data, two methodological frameworks of statistical and computational intelligence modelling are considered. The statistical methodological approach is based on the theory of invertible ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average) models with Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimating method. As a competitive tool to statistical forecasting models, we use the popular classic neural network (NN) of perceptron type. To train NN, the Back-Propagation (BP) algorithm and heuristics like genetic and micro-genetic algorithm (GA and MGA) are implemented on the large data set. A comparative analysis of selected learning methods is performed and evaluated. From performed experiments we find that the optimal population size will likely be 20 with the lowest training time from all NN trained by the evolutionary algorithms, while the prediction accuracy level is lesser, but still acceptable by managers.

scholarly journals Czech households’ income conditions according to the EU SILC statistics

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Stejskal ◽  
Jana Pustinová ◽  
Jana Stávková
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Usage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Eu

Article is devoted to evaluation of the Czech population’s income situation according to the inquiry realized within the frame of the Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) project. This was carried out by the Czech Statistical Office in the year 2005. Selected introductive analyses are presented with the view of pointing at the primary data usage possibilities. Main aim of the paper is to explicate basic quantitative indicators of Czech households’ income situation in general, then in division according to social groups and regional belonging. Consequent aim encompasses the identification and analysis of the income unevenness measure by the help of alternative methodological approach. The essential findings and income characteristics are introduced, including recomputation to the physical and so-called standardized member. In compliance with the predefined threshold the households endangered with the insufficient income level are identified. Insufficient income level means that household earnings cannot cover standard living costs. This part is followed by the brief statistical analysis of the data set of this group of households and the reference to other studies which are currently being pursued. Conclusion comprehends the spectrum of processes and analyses that could follow, or are already worked out, in concurrence with the existing findings. First of these, for example, is the income situation evaluation of seniors involved in the enquiry. Reason is that this segment is traditionally perceived as economically weak and more or less dependent on the social system settings.

scholarly journals Developing pedagogical practices under umbrellas of different colours

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Hannu L. T. Heikkinen
Keyword(s):  
Translational Research ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Practitioner Research ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Academic Aspirations ◽  
Developmental Work Research ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this article is to introduce different ways to conceptualise approaches aimed at improving practices by combining practitioners’ professional work and research. In historical terms, the oldest of these approaches is action research which was introduced in the 1940’s. Thereafter, approaches combining practical work with academic aspirations have been conceptualised in a number of ways, such as design research, translational research, developmental work research (DWR) and practitioner research, and their numerous versions and combinations. Secondly, the purpose of this paper is, from a philosophical and theoretical perspective, to examine the relationship between theoretical and practical aims of research by integrating Aristotle’s classical views on epistemology with the theory of knowledge and human interests of Jürgen Habermas. The methodological approach of this article is a theoretical and philosophical analysis of the literature.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lena Cowen Orlin
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Textual Practices ◽  
Parallel Lives ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Natal Family

To introduce both the subject of the book and its methodological approach, the Introduction takes up the case study of the date of Shakespeare’s baptism: 26 April 1564. Those who want to believe that the national poet was born on the national feast day (23 April, or St George’s Day), have compiled ‘evidence’ to prove it, but under close analysis the evidence disintegrates. We know his day of baptism but cannot know his birthday. Much of Shakespeare’s biography has been built out of similar ‘evidence clusters’. The book interrogates many of these old clusters and also assembles new ones. This involves close reading familiar historical documents contextually, referring to other examples from the same record classes to show how their conventions and textual practices shape their meaning. A further strategy is to include mini-biographies for some of Shakespeare’s cognates in Stratford-upon-Avon, the stories of parallel lives through which we can learn more about his own. The chapter also introduces the members of Shakespeare’s natal family.

Production of French close rounded vowels by Spanish learners

2018 ◽  
pp. 381-394
Author(s):  
Isabelle Racine ◽  
Sylvain Detey
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Speech Data ◽  
Acoustic Analyses ◽  
Survey Protocol

This chapter introduces the corpus-based L;2 French phonology research program Interphonologie du Français Contemporain (IPFC, Interphonology of Contemporary French) and provides an illustration of its methodological approach with a population of Spanish university students learning French as an L;2. For these learners the phonemic contrast between the two close rounded French vowels /y/ and /u/ is known to be difficult to acquire, but most studies in the past relied only on acoustic analyses of laboratory speech data elicited from rather few subjects. Within the IPFC framework, on the basis of a single multitask survey protocol for all populations of learners of L;2 French to ensure data comparability, data processing is carried out with an ad hoc auditory coding procedure which integrates contextual information and target-likeness assessment. In this chapter the results of three different approaches to process the /y-u/ Spanish production data are compared.

Overview

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Misa Kayama ◽  
Wendy L. Haight ◽  
May-Lee Ku ◽  
Minhae Cho ◽  
Hee Yun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The Common

Chapter 1 introduces a cross-cultural study of the common and culturally nuanced perspectives of experienced educators from Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the U.S. on how they support the development of elementary school–age children exposed to stigmatization associated with disabilities. The authors present a cultural developmental model of disability and stigmatization focusing on children’s emerging cultural selves. They also describe the theoretical perspective guiding their inquiry, developmental cultural psychology, including the concept of universalism without uniformity. Next, the chapter presents the book’s methodological approach, which is cross-cultural and includes the deliberate integration of insider and outsider perspectives on cultural contexts and disability. Finally, the authors provide an overview and roadmap to the book.

Evaluating Three Explanations for the Design of Bilateral Investment Treaties

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Allee ◽  
Clint Peinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Bilateral Investment Treaties ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Investment Treaties

Although many features of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) are consistent from one agreement to the next, a closer look reveals that the treaties exhibit considerable variation in terms of their enforcement provisions, which legal scholars have singled out as the central component of the treaties. An original data set is compiled that captures three important treaty-design differences: whether the parties consent in advance to international arbitration, whether they allow treaty obligations to be enforced before an institutionalized arbitration body, and how many arbitration options are specified for enforcement. Drawing upon several relevant literatures on international institutions, three potentially generalizable explanations for this important treaty variation are articulated and tested. The strongest support is found for the theoretical perspective that emphasizes the bargaining power and preferences of capital-exporting states, which use the treaties to codify strong, credible investor protections in all their treaties. Empirical tests consistently reveal that treaties contain strong enforcement provisions—in which the parties preconsent to multiple, often institutionalized arbitration options—when the capital-exporting treaty partner has considerable bargaining power and contains domestic actors that prefer such arrangements, such as large multinational corporations or right-wing governments. In contrast, there is no evidence to support the popular hands-tying explanation, which predicts that investment-seeking states with the most severe credibility problems, due to poor reputations or weak domestic institutions, will bind themselves to treaties with stronger investment protections. likewise, little support is found for explanations derived from the project on the rational design of international institutions, which discounts the identities and preferences of the treaty partners and instead emphasizes the structural conditions they jointly face. In sum, this foundational study of differences across investment treaties suggests that the design of treaties is driven by powerful states, which include elements in the treaties that serve their interests, regardless of the treaty partner or the current strategic setting.

scholarly journals Lost in Space: Geolocation in Event Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
pp. 871-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie J. Lee ◽  
Howard Liu ◽  
Michael D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Text Processing ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
N Gram ◽  
Automated Text Processing

Improving geolocation accuracy in text data has long been a goal of automated text processing. We depart from the conventional method and introduce a two-stage supervised machine-learning algorithm that evaluates each location mention to be either correct or incorrect. We extract contextual information from texts, i.e., N-gram patterns for location words, mention frequency, and the context of sentences containing location words. We then estimate model parameters using a training data set and use this model to predict whether a location word in the test data set accurately represents the location of an event. We demonstrate these steps by constructing customized geolocation event data at the subnational level using news articles collected from around the world. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing geocoders even in a case added post hoc to test the generality of the developed algorithm.

Performing acts of impoliteness through code-switching to English in colloquial Jordanian Arabic interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Badarneh ◽  
Kawakib Al-Momani ◽  
Fathi Migdadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
Rapport Management ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
State Of Affairs

This article investigates how English is exploited in naturally occurring interactions in colloquial Jordanian Arabic to perform acts of impoliteness, drawing on impoliteness model by Culpeper (1996), its subsequent modifications in Culpeper et al. (2003) and Culpeper (2005), and its alignment with Spencer-Oatey’s (2002) concept of rapport-management. Attack on face, specifically Quality Face, Social Identity Face, and Association Rights, through code-switching to English were identified in the data. Positive impoliteness and negative impoliteness strategies were employed through using English, sometimes in conjunction with Arabic impoliteness resources. Furthermore, English was used as an indirect impoliteness strategy to do off-record impoliteness to convey impolite beliefs about a third party or a particular state of affairs. These acts of impoliteness were mainly countered defensively by ignoring the attack or offensively through countering the implied face attack with face attack.

scholarly journals Speaking the same language: Development of a Nutrition Minimum Data Set for healthcare professionals in primary healthcare

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasja Jul Håkonsen ◽  
Preben Ulrich Pedersen ◽  
Ann Bygholm ◽  
Micah DJ Peters ◽  
Merete Bjerrum
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Minimum Data Set ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nutritional Care ◽  
Minimum Data ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Standardized Terminology

Providing the best possible nutritional care requires accurate and precise communication between healthcare professionals. Developing a Nutrition Minimum Data Set will inform professionals in primary healthcare of which core elements should be documented and facilitate a standardized approach to the documentation of nutritional care. A two-step methodological approach was utilized in this study: (1) a systematic scoping review was conducted to map evidence underpinning the development of a Minimum Data Set and (2) the datasources were categorized using the inductive content analysis approach. A total of 32 items were identified in the datasources. Five categories were inductively derived from the data: (1) physiologic measurements, (2) ability to eat, (3) intake, (4) stress factors and (5) factors which indirectly affect intake and needs. Organizing the documentation following the structure presented in this Minimum Data Set will contribute to a standardized terminology, which may lead to increased quality of documentation, increased continuity of care and improved health outcomes.

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