Engineering photonic environments for two-dimensional materials

AbstractA fascinating photonic platform with a small device scale, fast operating speed, as well as low energy consumption is two-dimensional (2D) materials, thanks to their in-plane crystalline structures and out-of-plane quantum confinement. The key to further advancement in this research field is the ability to modify the optical properties of the 2D materials. The modifications typically come from the materials themselves, for example, altering their chemical compositions. This article reviews a comparably less explored but promising means, through engineering the photonic surroundings. Rather than modifying materials themselves, this means manipulates the dielectric and metallic environments, both uniform and nanostructured, that directly interact with the materials. For 2D materials that are only one or a few atoms thick, the interaction with the environment can be remarkably efficient. This review summarizes the three degrees of freedom of this interaction: weak coupling, strong coupling, and multifunctionality. In addition, it reviews a relatively timing concept of engineering that directly applied to the 2D materials by patterning. Benefiting from the burgeoning development of nanophotonics, the engineering of photonic environments provides a versatile and creative methodology of reshaping light–matter interaction in 2D materials.

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Near-Infrared Schottky Silicon Photodetectors Based on Two Dimensional Materials

10.5772/intechopen.99625 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Teresa Crisci ◽

Luigi Moretti ◽

Mariano Gioffrè ◽

Maurizio Casalino

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

2D Materials ◽

Active Material ◽

Optoelectronic Devices ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Broadband Absorption ◽

Two Dimensional Materials ◽

High Carrier Mobility ◽

Light Matter Interaction ◽

Silicon Based

Since its discovery in 2004, graphene has attracted the interest of the scientific community due to its excellent properties of high carrier mobility, flexibility, strong light-matter interaction and broadband absorption. Despite of its weak light optical absorption and zero band gap, graphene has demonstrated impressive results as active material for optoelectronic devices. This success pushed towards the investigation of new two-dimensional (2D) materials to be employed in a next generation of optoelectronic devices with particular reference to the photodetectors. Indeed, most of 2D materials can be transferred on many substrates, including silicon, opening the path to the development of Schottky junctions to be used for the infrared detection. Although Schottky near-infrared silicon photodetectors based on metals are not a new concept in literature the employment of two-dimensional materials instead of metals is relatively new and it is leading to silicon-based photodetectors with unprecedented performance in the infrared regime. This chapter aims, first to elucidate the physical effect and the working principles of these devices, then to describe the main structures reported in literature, finally to discuss the most significant results obtained in recent years.

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Oxidic 2D Materials

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14185213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

pp. 5213

Author(s):

Oliver Dubnack ◽

Frank A. Müller

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

2D Materials ◽

Research Field ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Free Standing ◽

Wide Range ◽

Two Dimensional Materials ◽

Application Potential ◽

Manufacturing Technologies ◽

Selection Of

The possibility of producing stable thin films, only a few atomic layers thick, from a variety of materials beyond graphene has led to two-dimensional (2D) materials being studied intensively in recent years. By reducing the layer thickness and approaching the crystallographic monolayer limit, a variety of unexpected and technologically relevant property phenomena were observed, which also depend on the subsequent arrangement and possible combination of individual layers to form heterostructures. These properties can be specifically used for the development of multifunctional devices, meeting the requirements of the advancing miniaturization of modern manufacturing technologies and the associated need to stabilize physical states even below critical layer thicknesses of conventional materials in the fields of electronics, magnetism and energy conversion. Differences in the structure of potential two-dimensional materials result in decisive influences on possible growth methods and possibilities for subsequent transfer of the thin films. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the rapidly growing field of two-dimensional materials, highlighting those with oxidic crystal structure like perovskites, garnets and spinels. In addition to a selection of well-established growth techniques and approaches for thin film transfer, we evaluate in detail their application potential as free-standing monolayers, bilayers and multilayers in a wide range of advanced technological applications. Finally, we provide suggestions for future developments of this promising research field in consideration of current challenges regarding scalability and structural stability of ultra-thin films.

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Recent advances in mode-locked fiber lasers based on two-dimensional materials

Nanophotonics ◽

10.1515/nanoph-2020-0149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2315-2340 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Junli Wang ◽

Xiaoli Wang ◽

Jingjing Lei ◽

Mengyuan Ma ◽

Cong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fiber Lasers ◽

2D Materials ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

New Materials ◽

Saturable Absorbers ◽

Operating Wavelength ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Two Dimensional Materials ◽

Diverse Mode

AbstractDue to the unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, much attention has been paid to the exploration and application of 2D materials. In this review, we focus on the application of 2D materials in mode-locked fiber lasers. We summarize the synthesis methods for 2D materials, fiber integration with 2D materials and 2D materials based saturable absorbers. We discuss the performance of the diverse mode-locked fiber lasers in the typical operating wavelength such as 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 μm. Finally, a summary and outlook of the further applications of the new materials in mode-locked fiber lasers are presented.

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A Universal Atomic Substitution Conversion Strategy Towards Synthesis of Large-Size Ultrathin Nonlayered Two-Dimensional Materials

Nano-Micro Letters ◽

10.1007/s40820-021-00692-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mei Zhao ◽

Sijie Yang ◽

Kenan Zhang ◽

Lijie Zhang ◽

Ping Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Calculations ◽

2D Materials ◽

Direct Synthesis ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Covalent Bonds ◽

2D Layered Materials ◽

Large Size ◽

Two Dimensional Materials ◽

Microfabrication Technique ◽

Atomic Substitution

AbstractNonlayered two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted increasing attention, due to novel physical properties, unique surface structure, and high compatibility with microfabrication technique. However, owing to the inherent strong covalent bonds, the direct synthesis of 2D planar structure from nonlayered materials, especially for the realization of large-size ultrathin 2D nonlayered materials, is still a huge challenge. Here, a general atomic substitution conversion strategy is proposed to synthesize large-size, ultrathin nonlayered 2D materials. Taking nonlayered CdS as a typical example, large-size ultrathin nonlayered CdS single-crystalline flakes are successfully achieved via a facile low-temperature chemical sulfurization method, where pre-grown layered CdI2 flakes are employed as the precursor via a simple hot plate assisted vertical vapor deposition method. The size and thickness of CdS flakes can be controlled by the CdI2 precursor. The growth mechanism is ascribed to the chemical substitution reaction from I to S atoms between CdI2 and CdS, which has been evidenced by experiments and theoretical calculations. The atomic substitution conversion strategy demonstrates that the existing 2D layered materials can serve as the precursor for difficult-to-synthesize nonlayered 2D materials, providing a bridge between layered and nonlayered materials, meanwhile realizing the fabrication of large-size ultrathin nonlayered 2D materials.

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Molecular Functionalization of 2D-Materials: From Atomically Planar 2D Architectures to Off-Plane 3D Functional Materials

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/d1tc01534f ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adam Brill ◽

Elad Koren ◽

Graham de Ruiter

Keyword(s):

2D Materials ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

The Past ◽

Two Dimensional Materials

Atomically thin two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have moved in the past 15 years from a serendipitously isolated single-layered graphene curiosity to a near technological renaissance, where 2DMs such as graphene and...

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Preparation of single-crystal metal substrates for the growth of high-quality two-dimensional materials

Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers ◽

10.1039/d0qi00923g ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 182-200

Author(s):

Yanglizhi Li ◽

Luzhao Sun ◽

Haiyang Liu ◽

Yuechen Wang ◽

Zhongfan Liu

Keyword(s):

Single Crystal ◽

2D Materials ◽

Controlled Growth ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

High Quality ◽

Metal Substrates ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Two Dimensional Materials

Recent advances on preparing single-crystal metals and their crucial roles in controlled growth of high-quality 2D materials are reviewed.

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2D materials towards ultrafast photonic applications

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/d0cp02841j ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (39) ◽

pp. 22140-22156

Author(s):

Xin-Ping Zhai ◽

Bo Ma ◽

Qiang Wang ◽

Hao-Li Zhang

Keyword(s):

Optical Communications ◽

2D Materials ◽

Optical Limiting ◽

Mode Locking ◽

Optical Devices ◽

Optical Modulation ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Two Dimensional Materials ◽

All Optical ◽

Ultrafast Photonics

Two-dimensional materials are now excelling in yet another arena of ultrafast photonics, including optical modulation through optical limiting/mode-locking, photodetectors, optical communications, integrated miniaturized all-optical devices, etc.

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Energy loss by fast-travelling charged particles traversing two-dimensional materials

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/202023303005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 233 ◽

pp. 03005

Author(s):

Jaime E. Santos ◽

Mikhail Vasilevskiy ◽

Nuno M.R. Peres ◽

Antti-Pekka Jauho

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Energy Loss ◽

2D Materials ◽

Charged Particles ◽

Monolayer Graphene ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Particle Detection ◽

Hydrodynamic Approximation ◽

Radiation Losses ◽

Two Dimensional Materials

We consider the problem of the radiation losses by fast-traveling particles traversing two-dimensional (2d) materials or thin films. After review¬ing the screening of electromagnetic fields by two dimensional conducting ma¬terials, we obtain the energy loss by a fast particle traversing such a material or film. In particular, we discuss the pattern of radiation emitted by monolayer graphene treated within a hydrodynamic approximation. These results are com¬pared with recent published results using similar approximations and, having in mind a potential application to particle detection, we briefly discuss how one can improve on the signals obtained by using other two-dimensional materials.

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Fabrication of a three-terminal graphene nanoelectromechanical switch using two-dimensional materials

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/c7nr08439k ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (26) ◽

pp. 12349-12355 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ngoc Huynh Van ◽

Manoharan Muruganathan ◽

Jothiramalingam Kulothungan ◽

Hiroshi Mizuta

Keyword(s):

Leakage Current ◽

2D Materials ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Subthreshold Slope ◽

Drive Current ◽

Exponential Increase ◽

Two Dimensional Materials

An all-2D materials three-terminal subthermal subthreshold slope nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switch is realized to overcome the exponential increase in leakage current with an increase in the drive current of CMOS devices.

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Carter's constant and superintegrability

International Journal of Modern Physics D ◽

10.1142/s0218271818500669 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (07) ◽

pp. 1850066

Author(s):

Payel Mukhopadhyay ◽

K. Rajesh Nayak

Keyword(s):

Dynamical System ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Integrals Of Motion ◽

Superintegrable System ◽

Simple Observation ◽

Superintegrable Systems ◽

Axisymmetric Spacetime ◽

Three Degrees Of Freedom

Carter's constant is a nontrivial conserved quantity of motion of a particle moving in stationary axisymmetric spacetime. In the version of the theorem originally given by Carter, due to the presence of two Killing vectors, the system effectively has two degrees of freedom. We propose an extension to the first version of Carter's theorem to a system having three degrees of freedom to find two functionally independent Carter-like integrals of motion. We further generalize the theorem to a dynamical system with [Formula: see text] degrees of freedom. We further study the implications of Carter's constant to superintegrability and present a different approach to probe a superintegrable system. Our formalism gives another viewpoint to a superintegrable system using the simple observation of separable Hamiltonian according to Carter's criteria. We then give some examples by constructing some two-dimensional superintegrable systems based on this idea and also show that all three-dimensional simple classical superintegrable potentials are also Carter separable.

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