scholarly journals Morphophysiological changes and reactive oxygen species metabolism in Corchorus olitorius L. under different abiotic stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 549-562
Author(s):  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Mira Rahman ◽  
Naznin Ahmed ◽  
Md. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Anisur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Relative Water

Abstract Abiotic stress has become an alarming issue for plant survival due to the constant changes in the environment. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, waterlogging, and heavy metals largely influence plant growth and development that finally reduce crop productivity. The present study was carried out to investigate the responses of jute (Corchorus olitorius cv. O-9897) plant under different abiotic stresses. At 15th days after sowing plants were exposed to different abiotic stresses for various duration. Two doses of NaCl (200 and 400 mM) were applied to impose salt stress, while two doses of CdCl2 (2 and 4 mM) were applied for cadmium (Cd) stress. Waterlogging stress was applied for 5 and 15 days. Whereas drought stress was imposed on plants for 10 and 15 days. Leaf relative water content, SPAD value, plant height, above ground fresh and dry weight, leaf area, and stem diameter decreased upon exposure to salt, water deficit, Cd, and waterlogging stresses. These abiotic stresses resulted in oxidative damage which was evident by the increased levels of lipid peroxidation, H2O2, and electrolyte leakage (EL) together with altered antioxidant enzymes activities and glyoxalase system which are crucial for plants to fight against oxidative damage. Both duration of waterlogging and drought stress drastically affected plant morphophysiology, whereas C. olitorius could tolerate moderate level of salt (200 mM NaCl) and Cd (2 mM CdCl2). So the present study reveals that abiotic stresses cause substantial damages to the morphophysiology and oxidative stress tolerance of C. olitorius where the higher doses of NaCl and CdCl2 as well as the increased duration of waterlogging and drought resulted in more deleterious effect.

Impact of Exogenous Applications of Salicylic Acid on the Tolerance to Drought Stress in Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
zahra khazaei ◽  
Asghar Estaji
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Relative Water

Abstract Background: Drought is also one of the most widespread abiotic stresses that adversely effects the growth and development of plants. To investigate the effect of salicylic acid and drought stress on several physiological and chemical reactions in sweet pepper plants, the experiment was achieved as a factorial based on a completely randomized design in greenhouse. Drought stress levels were non-stress conditions (irrigation with field capacity), moderate stress (30% field capacity irrigation) and intense water stress (60% field capacity irrigation) and three concentrations of salicylic acid included 0 (as control), 0.5 and 1 mM were sprayed on the plant in three to four leaf stages. Results: The results showed that drought decreased fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf relative water content (RWC), fruit diameter and length, the index including chlorophyll and leaf area and increased electrical conductivity (EC), antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, ascorbate, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. After application of foliar salicylic acid, all of the above parameters, except the electrical conductivity content, increased. Conclusions: From the results of this experiment it is concluded that salicylic acid provides a better tolerance for drought stress in pepper plant through its influence on vegetative, biochemical and physiological characteristics.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Apple and Cherry In Vitro Culture under Different Levels of Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1689
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kovalikova ◽  
Petra Jiroutova ◽  
Jakub Toman ◽  
Dominika Dobrovolna ◽  
Lenka Drbohlavova
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content

Drought stress is a serious threat. Therefore, improvements in crop productivity under conditions of limited water availability are vital to keep global food security. Apples and cherries belong to the most produced fruit worldwide. Thus, searching for their tolerant or resistant cultivars is beneficial for crop breeders to produce more resistant plants. We studied five apple (“Malinové holovouské”, “Fragrance”, “Rubinstep”, “Idared”, “Car Alexander”) and five cherry (“Regina”, “Napoleonova”, “Kaštánka”, “Sunburst”, “P-HL-C”) cultivars for their adaptation in response to progressive drought stress. The reaction of an in vitro culture to osmotic stress simulated by increasing polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration in medium was evaluated through the morphological (fresh and dry weight, water content, leaf area), physiological (chlorophyll and carotenoids content), and biochemical (reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content) parameters. Drought-like stress negatively affected the water content, leaf areas, and chlorophyll content in both fruit species. Oxidative status and membrane damage of plants under water deficiency conditions occurred to be important indicators of stress tolerance mechanism. Cherries exhibited higher hydrogen peroxide levels compared to apples, whereas their malondialdehyde values were generally lower. The overall results indicated wide tolerance range to water deficit among apple and cherry in vitro culture as well as among cultivars within single plant species.

scholarly journals Improved tolerance of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to drought stress and rewatering by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum: effect on growth and cell membrane stability

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Beltrano ◽  
Marta G. Ronco
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The aim of this paper was to investigate the contribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum to drought stress tolerance in wheat plants grown under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, and subjected to moderate or severe water stress and rewatering. Water stress tolerance was determined through total dry weight, leaf relative water content, leakage of solutes and leaf chlorophyll and protein concentrations in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal wheat plants. Total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants after moderate or severe water stress treatments compared with non-mycorrhizal ones. Electrolyte leakage was significantly lower in water-stressed inoculated plants. Compared to non-inoculated plants, leaf relative water content and total protein concentration of inoculated individuals increased only under severe water stress. When irrigation was re-established, mycorrhizal plants increased their total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentration, and recovered cell membrane permeability in leaves compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. In conclusion, root colonization by G. claroideum could be an adequate strategy to alleviate the deleterious effects of drought stress and retard the senescence syndrome in wheat.

scholarly journals In vitro screening of rice genotypes using polyethylene glycol under drought stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Akte ◽  
S Yasmin ◽  
MJH Bhuiyan ◽  
F Khatun ◽  
J Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Water

Five rice varieties viz. Binadhan-4, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-10 and Iratom-24 were evaluated in vitro under different water stress conditions. Several parameters such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content and proline accumulation were studied. Drought condition was created by MS medium supplemented with five treatments of PEG, with a control such as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of PEG. The highest germination (100%) was found in the variety Binadhan-10 under low water stress conditions induced by 1% PEG. Similarly, the highest percentage of germination was found in all varieties under control condition (0% PEG). The lowest percentage of germination was obtained in the variety Iratom-24. But under severe stress (4% PEG), the highest percentage of germination was found only in the variety Binadhan-10. Moreover, the variety Binadhan-10 was found to be the best at 4% PEG for shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, relative water content and also the best at 1% PEG for fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight. Water stress decreased relative water content and increased proline accumulation in rice. The highest relative water content was recorded in the variety Binadhan-10 and the lowest value recorded in the variety Binadhan-5. The highest proline content was obtained from the binadhan-6 at the highest treatment (4% PEG). Binadhan-10 showed the best performance almost in all the parameters under drought stress because of its own nature of tolerancy.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 128-135, 2016

scholarly journals Screening of Mungbean Genotypes under Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Induced Drought Stress Condition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Abdullah All Imtiaz ◽  
Saleh Ahmed Shahriar ◽  
Md. Abdullahil Baque ◽  
Most. Nurjahan Khatun Eaty ◽  
Maliha Rahman Falguni
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Drought Stress Condition

Sixteen advance genotypes of mungbeans under 5 different concentrations of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) were studied to find out the better cultivar against drought stress condition. The experiment results revealed that germination, seedling production and water-related behavior of mungbean genotypes differed significantly under different PEG (drought inducer) concentrations. The mungbean genotype BINA Mung-6 (V8) is proved as highly tolerant against drought stress condition among all other tested genotypes. The results of the investigation revealed that BINA Mung-6 (V8) genotype consistently scored the highest value for all parameters except for the root shoot ratio and water retention capacity that was statistically comparable to genotypes BARI Mung-4 (V2) and BINA Mung-5 (V7). Consistently poor performance were recorded from IPM-02-03 (V16) genotype which is statistically similar as genotypes BMXK1-09015-2 (V13) and BMXK1-09015-6 (V10). The maximum percentage of germination (98.12%), shoot length (139.40 mm), root length (99.07 mm), shoot dry weight (22.32 mg), root dry weight (6.88 mg), relative water content (94.78), water retention capacity (24.98), germination co-efficient (22.27) and vigor index (233.90) were reported from BINA Mung-6 (V8) at a concentration of 0 percent PEG. The minimum percentage of germination (28.22 percent), shoot length (31.17 mm), root length (16.50 mm), shoot dry weight (2.21 mg), root dry weight (0.97 mg), relative water content (25.55), water retention capacity (3.08), germination co-efficient (6.06) and vigor index (13.45) were reported from IPM-02-03 (V16) mungbean advance lines at 0 percent PEG. Maximum (0.92) root shoot ratio was recorded from both BARI Mung-8 (V6) and BMX-08011-2 (V11) mungbean genotypes at 20 percent PEG concentration and minimum (0.22) at 0 percent PEG concentration from BARI Mung-5 (V3) genotype. Maximum water retention capacity (74.45) was recorded at 20 per cent PEG concentration from IPM-02-03 (V16) genotype and minimum (5.22) was at 0 per cent PEG concentration from BINA Mung-6 (V8) genotype.

scholarly journals Exogenous thiourea modulates antioxidant defence and glyoxalase systems in lentil genotypes under arsenic stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibyendu Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes

<p>Arsenic (As) is a wide-spread toxic and carcinogenic metalloid, affecting crop productivity worldwide. Lentil, an edible grain legume, is increasingly exposed to soil arsenic contamination. However, our understandings regarding mechanistic details and mitigation strategies against arsenic toxicity in edible legume are extremely poor. Main purpose of the present study was to investigate the As-effects and its mitigation by thiourea (TU), a sulfhydryl bioregulator, in lentil. Four widely grown lentil genotypes were grown in nutrient media, supplemented with 30 μM sodium arsenate (As), As + 6.5 mM TU and As + 13 mM TU, keeping an untreated control for 10 d. As severely affected plant dry weight by accumulating in shoots and roots. However, TU application sequestered As in crop roots and prevented up-ward translocation of As. TU coordinately modulated glyoxalase system I and II (Gly I and II) and ascorbate (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) redox, and antioxidant defense enzymes in both leaves and roots of four genotypes. Elevation of Gly system prevented toxic methyl glyoxal overaccumulation whereas stimulated AsA-GSH cycle enzymes and Glutathione s-transferase and catalase effectively scavenged H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and prevented reactive oxygen species (ROS) -mediated onset of oxidative damage in four genotypes, as was evident from ROS-imaging study. Results suggested exogenous TU stimulated the Gly and antioxidant defense in fine tune against As-induced oxidative damage in lentil genotypes.</p>

scholarly journals Application of K and Zn Influences the Mineral Accumulation More in Hybrid Than Inbred Maize Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2206
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Bashir ◽  
Abdur Rehim ◽  
Qurat-Ul-Ain Raza ◽  
Graeme P. Berlyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stability Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Physiological Attributes ◽  
Zinc Levels

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important crop used for feeding humans and cattle globally. Deficiency of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) adversely impacts the maize crop productivity and quality. However, the application of these nutrients shows variant responses in different maize cultivars. To understand this perspective, the current study aimed at investigating K and Zn’s optimal concentration in different hybrid and inbred maize cultivars. The treatments were based on three zinc levels (0, 6, and 12 mg Zn kg−1) and K levels (0, 30, and 60 mg kg−1), and their respective combinations. The experiment results showed that combined fertilization approaches of Zn and K (Zn12K60) improved the plant biometric, and physiological attributes of maize crop. The results revealed a significant increase in plant height (45%), fresh weight (70%), and dry weight (45%). Similarly, physiological attributes significantly improved the relative water content (76.4%), membrane stability index (77.9%), chlorophyll contents (170%), and photosynthetic rate (130%) in both inbred and hybrid genotypes. Furthermore, Zn and K (Zn12K60) increased transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Ci), and internal CO2. In conclusion, maize hybrids (Neelam and DK-6142) were observed best compared with inbred (Afghoi and P-1543) cultivars with the combined application of Zn and K (Zn12K60). Thus, these inbred varieties should be preferred for fodder requirement with optimum fertilizer (Zn12K60) application in Zn deficient soils.

scholarly journals Drought tolerance test of various potential local rice genotypes in Aceh West-South Region at vegetative stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
Wira Hadianto ◽  
Dewi Junita ◽  
Yuliatul Muslimah ◽  
Nana Ariska ◽  
Sumeinika Fitria Lizmah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Abstract Aceh has a lot of local rice genotypes that locally cultivated in West- South Region Aceh. The potential of local rice as a source of genes have not been evaluated and identified of drought tolerance. Abiotic stresses such as drought are serious things that affected plant productivity. This study aimed to determine the drought tolerance of several potential local rice genotypes in South-West Region Aceh as parents (P1) in order to become the basic population in creating the new high yielding varieties that were resistant to drought. This study was carried out in Randomized Block Design (RDB) with 3 replications. The observed variables were: Plant height and Number of tiller per clumps at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after planting, root length, number of roots, wet and dry weight of roots at days 40 after planting. The study found that the treatment of drought stress significantly affect the plant height and number of tillers, best result was found at rangan lango genotype. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there are 3 genotypes of local West-South Aceh region that are potentially resistant to drought stress in the vegetative Stage, namely the Lango genotype, Arias genotype and Pade Manggeng genotype.

Effects of Nitrogen and Zinc Spray on Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Drought Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
S.H. Mosavifeyzabadi ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, nitrogen and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Emam Khomeyni research Farm in Mahvellat as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: full irrigation, stopping irrigation at anthesis step and stopping irrigation at the seed filling stage. Subplots were considered with and without nitrogen and zinc spray. The drought stress reduced the grain yield in anthesis stage more than other stages. Drought stress effects significantly on stem and ear diameter, ear length, chlorophyll value, leaf area index, leaf relative water content, stem, ear and leaves dry weight, number grain in ear and row, number row in ear, unfilled seed percentage and thousand grains weight. Nitrogen increased the seed yield and yield component except thousand grains weight and the number of row in ear. Using Zn, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of grain yield, thousand grains weight and number grain in ear 16.5, 9 and 5.5%, respectively. The results obtained from the present research showed that anthesis stage was most sensitive stage to drought stress. Also nitrogen and Zn could somewhat reduce the impact drought stress on corn.

scholarly journals Alleviation of drought stress by silicon supplementation in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghader Habibi ◽  
Roghieh Hajiboland
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Quantum Yield Of Psii

ABSTRACT The effect of silicon (Si) supplementation (0.35 g Na2SiO3 kg-1 soil, 2.73 mmol Si kg-1 soil) was studied in drought-stressed pistachio (Pistacia vera L. ‘Ahmadaghaii’) plants under field conditions. Silicon treatment significantly increased plant dry weight and relative water content under drought stress. The application of Si for drought-stressed plants improved the maximum quantum yield of PSII. A reduction in the net assimilation rate due to drought stress was alleviated by Si application, accompanied by an increase in stomatal conductance. Silicon treatment resulted in higher catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and lower lipid peroxidation in the leaves of drought-stressed plants. The results suggest that supplementation of water-deficient pistachio plants with Si alleviates the adverse effects of drought due to its enhancement of photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic gas exchange, as well as an activation of the antioxidant defence capacity in this species.

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