scholarly journals Exogenous thiourea modulates antioxidant defence and glyoxalase systems in lentil genotypes under arsenic stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibyendu Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes

<p>Arsenic (As) is a wide-spread toxic and carcinogenic metalloid, affecting crop productivity worldwide. Lentil, an edible grain legume, is increasingly exposed to soil arsenic contamination. However, our understandings regarding mechanistic details and mitigation strategies against arsenic toxicity in edible legume are extremely poor. Main purpose of the present study was to investigate the As-effects and its mitigation by thiourea (TU), a sulfhydryl bioregulator, in lentil. Four widely grown lentil genotypes were grown in nutrient media, supplemented with 30 μM sodium arsenate (As), As + 6.5 mM TU and As + 13 mM TU, keeping an untreated control for 10 d. As severely affected plant dry weight by accumulating in shoots and roots. However, TU application sequestered As in crop roots and prevented up-ward translocation of As. TU coordinately modulated glyoxalase system I and II (Gly I and II) and ascorbate (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) redox, and antioxidant defense enzymes in both leaves and roots of four genotypes. Elevation of Gly system prevented toxic methyl glyoxal overaccumulation whereas stimulated AsA-GSH cycle enzymes and Glutathione s-transferase and catalase effectively scavenged H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and prevented reactive oxygen species (ROS) -mediated onset of oxidative damage in four genotypes, as was evident from ROS-imaging study. Results suggested exogenous TU stimulated the Gly and antioxidant defense in fine tune against As-induced oxidative damage in lentil genotypes.</p>

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and genetic markers of suboptimal antioxidant defense in the aging brain: a theoretical review

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Salminen ◽  
Robert H. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNormal aging involves a gradual breakdown of physiological processes that leads to a decline in cognitive functions and brain integrity, yet the onset and progression of decline are variable among older individuals. While many biological changes may contribute to this degree of variability, oxidative stress is a key mechanism of the aging process that can cause direct damage to cellular architecture within the brain. Oligodendrocytes are at a high risk for oxidative damage due to their role in myelin maintenance and production and limited repair mechanisms, suggesting that white matter may be particularly vulnerable to oxidative activity. Antioxidant defense enzymes within the brain, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), are crucial for breaking down the harmful end products of oxidative phosphorylation. Previous studies have revealed that allele variations of polymorphisms that encode these antioxidants are associated with abnormalities in SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST activity in the central nervous system. This review will focus on the role of oxidative stress in the aging brain and the impact of decreased antioxidant defense on brain integrity and cognitive function. Directions for future research investigations of antioxidant defense genes will also be discussed.

Effects of diallyl tetrasulfide on cadmium-induced oxidative damage in the liver of rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Murugavel ◽  
L. Pari
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The protective efficacy of diallyl tetrasulfide (DTS) from garlic on liver injury induced by cadmium (Cd) was investigated. In this study, Cd (3 mg/kg body weight) was administered subcutaneously for 3 weeks to induce toxicity. DTS was administered orally (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight) for 3 weeks with subcutaneous (sc) injection of Cd. Cd-induced liver damage was evidenced from increased activities of serum hepatic enzymes, namely aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase, with significant elevation of lipid peroxidation indices (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides) and protein carbonyl groups in the liver. Rats subjected to Cd toxicity also showed a decline in the levels of total thiols, reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E, accompanied by an increased accumulation of Cd, and significantly decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver. Administration of DTS at 40 mg/kg body weight significantly normalised the activities of hepatic marker enzymes, compared to other doses of DTS (10 and 20 mg/kg body weight). In addition, DTS (40 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the accumulation of Cd and the level of lipid peroxidation, and restored the level of antioxidant defense in the liver. Histological studies also showed that administration of DTS to Cd-treated rats resulted in a marked improvement of hepatocytes morphology with mild portal inflammation. Our results suggest that DTS might play a vital role in protecting Cd-induced oxidative damage in the liver. Human & Experimental Toxicology(2007) 26, 527—534

scholarly journals Activities of antioxidant defense enzymes in the blood of individuals with Leu144Phe mutation

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nikolic ◽  
Zorica Stevic ◽  
Dusko Blagojevic ◽  
Zorica Saicic ◽  
Mihajlo Spasic
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Defense Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Activities of cooper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the blood of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with Leu144Phe mutation (FALS), asimptomatic carriers with Leu144Phe mutation and controls were studied. Activity of Cu,Zn SOD was significantly lower in the FALS patients and asimptomatic carriers than in controls (p<0.001). In the FALS patients GSH-Px activity was lower (p<0.01) and activity of GR was higher (p<0.001) in comparison with controls. Canonical discriminant analyses provide statistical evidence that examined groups are different in the composition of antioxidant enzymes in blood and revealed that each component confers to observed difference. Our results suggests that oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of FALS and the activities of antioxidant enzymes are exposed to different kind of oxidative pressure in FALS patients, asymptomatic carriers and controls.

scholarly journals Experimental Protoporphyria: Effect of Bile Acids on Liver Damage Induced by Griseofulvin

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Martinez ◽  
Silvina Fernanda Ruspini ◽  
Susana Graciela Afonso ◽  
Roberto Meiss ◽  
Ana Maria Buzaleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Defense Enzymes ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The effect of bile acids administration to an experimental mice model of Protoporphyria produced by griseofulvin (Gris) was investigated. The aim was to assess whether porphyrin excretion could be accelerated by bile acids treatment in an attempt to diminish liver damage induced by Gris. Liver damage markers, heme metabolism, and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in mice treated with Gris and deoxycholic (DXA), dehydrocholic (DHA), chenodeoxycholic, or ursodeoxycholic (URSO). The administration of Gris alone increased the activities of glutathione reductase (GRed), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as total porphyrins, glutathione (GSH), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) levels in liver. Among the bile acids studied, DXA and DHA increased PROTO IX excretion, DXA also abolished the action of Gris, reducing lipid peroxidation and hepatic GSH and CYP levels, and the activities of GGT, AP, SOD, and GST returned to control values. However, porphyrin accumulation was not prevented by URSO; instead this bile acid reduced ALA-S and the antioxidant defense enzymes system activities. In conclusion, we postulate that DXA acid would be more effective to prevent liver damage induced by Gris.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological changes and reactive oxygen species metabolism in Corchorus olitorius L. under different abiotic stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 549-562
Author(s):  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Mira Rahman ◽  
Naznin Ahmed ◽  
Md. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Anisur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Relative Water

Abstract Abiotic stress has become an alarming issue for plant survival due to the constant changes in the environment. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, waterlogging, and heavy metals largely influence plant growth and development that finally reduce crop productivity. The present study was carried out to investigate the responses of jute (Corchorus olitorius cv. O-9897) plant under different abiotic stresses. At 15th days after sowing plants were exposed to different abiotic stresses for various duration. Two doses of NaCl (200 and 400 mM) were applied to impose salt stress, while two doses of CdCl2 (2 and 4 mM) were applied for cadmium (Cd) stress. Waterlogging stress was applied for 5 and 15 days. Whereas drought stress was imposed on plants for 10 and 15 days. Leaf relative water content, SPAD value, plant height, above ground fresh and dry weight, leaf area, and stem diameter decreased upon exposure to salt, water deficit, Cd, and waterlogging stresses. These abiotic stresses resulted in oxidative damage which was evident by the increased levels of lipid peroxidation, H2O2, and electrolyte leakage (EL) together with altered antioxidant enzymes activities and glyoxalase system which are crucial for plants to fight against oxidative damage. Both duration of waterlogging and drought stress drastically affected plant morphophysiology, whereas C. olitorius could tolerate moderate level of salt (200 mM NaCl) and Cd (2 mM CdCl2). So the present study reveals that abiotic stresses cause substantial damages to the morphophysiology and oxidative stress tolerance of C. olitorius where the higher doses of NaCl and CdCl2 as well as the increased duration of waterlogging and drought resulted in more deleterious effect.

scholarly journals Exogenous Proline and Glycine Betaine Mediated Upregulation of Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems Provides Better Protection against Salt-Induced Oxidative Stress in Two Rice (Oryza sativaL.) Varieties

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Md. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Anisur Rahman ◽  
Md. Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Glyoxalase Ii ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Exogenous Proline

The present study investigates the roles of exogenous proline (Pro, 5 mM) and glycine betaine (GB, 5 mM) in improving salt stress tolerance in salt sensitive (BRRI dhan49) and salt tolerant (BRRI dhan54) rice (Oryza sativaL.) varieties. Salt stresses (150 and 300 mM NaCl for 48 h) significantly reduced leaf relative water (RWC) and chlorophyll (chl) content and increased endogenous Pro and increased lipid peroxidation and H2O2levels. Ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSG, ascorbate peroxidae (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and glyoxalase I (Gly I) activities were reduced in sensitive variety and these were increased in tolerant variety due to salt stress. The glyoxalase II (Gly II), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were increased in both cultivars by salt stress. Exogenous Pro and GB application with salt stress improved physiological parameters and reduced oxidative damage in both cultivars where BRRI dhan54 showed better tolerance. The result suggests that exogenous application of Pro and GB increased rice seedlings’ tolerance to salt-induced oxidative damage by upregulating their antioxidant defense system where these protectants rendered better performance to BRRI dhan54 and Pro can be considered as better protectant than GB.

Melatonin protects against cadmium-induced oxidative damage in different tissues of rat: a mechanistic insight

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Mitra ◽  
Bharati Bhattacharjee ◽  
Palash Kumar Pal ◽  
Arnab Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Sanatan Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Nadh Cytochrome ◽  
Cd Exposure

Cadmium (Cd) is a notorious environmental pollutant known for its wide range of toxicities to organisms. Thus, the present study is designed to examine whether melatonin, a potent antioxidant, protects against Cd-induced oxidative damage in the heart, liver and kidney of rats. Cd treatment at a dose of 0.44 mg/kg for 15 days caused severe damage in all these organs. These included significantly increased activities of SGPT, SGOT, lactate dehydrogenase- 1 and 5 and ALP and levels of total lactate, creatinine, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content and reduced glutathione while the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase along with mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-keto glutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH-cytochrome-c-oxidoreductase and cytochrome-c-oxidase were significantly reduced by Cd. However, if melatonin was given orally 30 min before Cd injection, all these alterations induced by Cd were significantly preserved by melatonin. Histological observations also demonstrated that Cd exposure caused cellular lesions, promoting necrotic or apoptotic changes. Notably, all these changes were significantly protected by melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin is a beneficial molecule to ameliorate Cd-induced oxidative damage in the heart, liver and kidney tissues of rats with its powerful antioxidant capacity, heavy metal chelating activity and competition of binding sites with Cd to the GSH and catalase.

STUDY OF THE COMBINED INFLUENCE OF SODIUM THIOPENTAL AND DELTA SLEEP-INDUCING PEPTIDE ON ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM IN RATS

2016 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
A. V. Shvetsov ◽  
E. G. Batotsyrenova ◽  
N. A. Dyuzhikova ◽  
V. A. Kashuro ◽  
N. V. Lapina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Sodium Thiopental ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Delta Sleep ◽  
Thiopental Coma ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide

A biochemical investigation was performed into activity of rat antioxidant defense enzymes at different time interval after administration of sodium thiopental and delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP). It was shown that thiopental coma was accompanied by a decreased level of superoxide dismutase ( 6 and 24 h after exposure) and increased level of caspase-3 ( 6 h after exposure) in the rat blood plasma. A pharmacological correction with DSIP induced a decrease of the level of superoxide dismutase ( 6 and 24 h after exposure), glutathione peroxidase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (after 6h).

Chemoprotective Effects of Propolis on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Oxidative Damage and Hepatotoxicity by Modulating TP53, Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Seval Yilmaz ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Kandemir ◽  
Emre Kaya ◽  
Mustafa Ozkaraca
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cat Gene ◽  
Gst Activity

Objective: This study aimed to detect hepatic oxidative damage caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as to examine how propolis protects against hepatotoxic effects of AFB1. Method: Rats were split into four groups as control group, AFB1 group, propolis group, AFB1+ propolis group. Results: There was significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and tumor suppressor protein (TP53) gene expression, Glutathione (GSH) level, Catalase (CAT) activity, CAT gene expression decreased in AFB1 group in blood. MDA level and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, GST and TP53 gene expressions increased in AFB1 group, whereas GSH level and CAT activity alongside CAT gene expression decreased in liver. AFB1+propolis group showed significant decrease in MDA level, GST activity, TP53 and GST gene expressions, GSH level and CAT activity and CAT gene expression increased in liver compared to AFB1 group. Conclusion: These results suggest that propolis may potentially be natural agent that prevents AFB1- induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Effects of Desiccation on Metamorphic Climax in Bombina variegata: Changes in Levels and Patterns of Oxidative Stress Parameters

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 953
Author(s):  
Tamara G. Petrović ◽  
Ana Kijanović ◽  
Nataša Kolarov Kolarov Tomašević ◽  
Jelena P. Gavrić ◽  
Svetlana G. Despotović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
System Control ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Metamorphic Climax ◽  
Bombina Variegata ◽  
Stress Parameters

In this paper, we examined how the oxidative status (antioxidant system and oxidative damage) of Bombina variegata larvae changed during the metamorphic climax (Gosner stages: 42—beginning, 44—middle and 46—end) and compared the patterns and levels of oxidative stress parameters between individuals developing under constant water availability (control) and those developing under decreasing water availability (desiccation group). Our results revealed that larvae developing under decreasing water availability exhibited increased oxidative damage in the middle and end stages. This was followed by lower levels of glutathione in stages 44 and 46, as well as lower values of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and sulfhydryl groups in stage 46 (all in relation to control animals). Comparison between stages 42, 44 and 46 within treatments showed that individuals in the last stage demonstrated the highest intensities of lipid oxidative damage in both the control and desiccation groups. As for the parameters of the antioxidant system, control individuals displayed greater variety in response to changes induced by metamorphic climax than individuals exposed to desiccation treatment. The overall decrease in water availability during development led to increased oxidative stress and modifications in the pattern of AOS response to changes induced by metamorphic climax in larvae of B. variegata.

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