Effect of feeding with bilberry fruit on the expression pattern of αCaMKII in hippocampal neurons in normal and diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Matysek ◽  
S. Mozel ◽  
R. Szalak ◽  
A. Zacharko-Siembida ◽  
K. Obszańska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Control

Abstract αCaMKII, widely occurring in the central nervous system, plays a significant role in cognitive processes. It is well known that diabetes is a risk factor that may trigger brain atrophy, cognitive dysfunction and finally lead to memory loss. Antioxidants richly present in bilberry fruits are believed to have significant effects on diabetes-related brain dysfunctions mainly due to their abilities to modulate neurotransmitter release that lead to reduction of the negative impact of free radicals on cognitive processes. The aim of the present research was to immunohistochemically investigate the expression patterns of αCaMKII in hippocampal neurons from non-diabetic, diabetic and diabetic rats fed with an extract of bilberry fruit. The obtained results show that in comparison to the control group, in diabetic rats hippocampal neurons immunoreactive (ir) to αCaMKII were swollen and the lengths of the neuronal fibres were reduced. Further study shows that in diabetic rats fed with bilberry fruit, αCaMKII-positive nerve fibres were significantly longer when compared to the groups of diabetic and control rats. Additionally, we observed statistically significant changes in the average larger diameter of αCaMKII-ir hippocampal neurons between groups of diabetic rats (with vs. without supplement of bilberry fruit). The results of the present work suggest that antioxidants present in bilberry fruits influence the morphology of and possibly exhibit beneficial and neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurons during diabetes. It is likely that changes in the appearance of αCaMKII-expressed hippocampal neurons may reflect the diabetes-evoked rise in Ca2+ level in the cerebral nerve terminals. The present research extends our knowledge of preventive mechanisms for cognitive dysfunctions occurring in the brain during diabetes.

scholarly journals Mobilizing preconsciousness social messages: A mixed research on teaching staffBilinç öncesi sosyal mesajların harekete geçirilmesi: Öğretim elemanları üzerine karma araştırma

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Süreyya Karsu ◽  
Meftune Özbakır Umut ◽  
Meltem Nurtanış Velioğlu ◽  
Sertaç Çifci ◽  
Yusuf Volkan Topuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Affect Control ◽  
Research On Teaching ◽  
Social Messages ◽  
And Control

The purpose of the study is to reveal whether the preconscious messages which are given as social messages to teaching staff, will cause any change in their physical activity habits. And to suggest social marketing strategies which are required to be developed in that direction. The mixed research method and triangulation  model were both used in the study. The teaching staff of AİBÜ Gölköy Campus were the main mass and the study was conducted around 15th January 2015- 25th May 2015. Convenience sampling method was utilized from non-random sampling methods. According to findings of mix research, “both experimental and control groups had awareness on physical activity and they were both affected to valuate themselves on physical activity levels” were concluded. Beside these, another major conclusion was; the preconscious messages which are given to affect control groups’ physical activity habits had negative impact on control group. ÖzetÇalışmanın amacı, öğretim elemanlarına sosyal mesaj olarak verilen bilinç öncesi mesajların fiziksel aktivite alışkanlıkları üzerinde değişim yaratıp yaratmayacağını ortaya koymak, bu yönde gerekli sosyal pazarlama stratejilerinin geliştirilmesinde önerilerde bulunmaktır. Araştırmada, karma araştırma yöntemi ve çeşitleme modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada tesadüfi olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden, kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma AİBÜ Gölköy Yerleşkesi’nde 15 Ocak 2015-25 Mayıs 2015 tarihlerinde yürütülmüştür. Uygulanan karma araştırma yöntemi sonucunda hem deney, hem kontrol grubu için fiziksel aktivite konusunda farkındalık ve katılımcıların kendilerini fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri konusunda değerlendirmeleri açısından etki yarattığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Önemli bir diğer sonuç da bilinç öncesi mesajların fiziksel aktivite alışkanlığını etkileme boyutunda deney grubu üzerinde negatif etki yarattığıdır. 

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Working memory training does not improve executive functioning or fluid intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110395
Author(s):  
Jose A. Rodas ◽  
Ciara Greene
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Task ◽  
And Control

Several studies have reported that cognitive training can lead to improvements of complex mental skills such as intelligence. However, attempts to replicate these findings have not been very successful with many studies reporting lack of transferable effects on cognitive processes unrelated to the training task. On the other hand, transfer effects on cognitive processes closely related to the training task have been more commonly reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of a frequently used working-memory training programme on fluid intelligence and specific executive functions (updating, inhibition, switching, the focus of attention, and sustained attention). We remedied common issues with previous training studies by using an active control group, using more than one instrument to assess each function, and including a larger sample size. The experimental group showed significant improvement in the training task, indicating strong practice effects. However, no evidence of training-specific transfer was found in any of the variables investigated, and we could not find any of the previous improvements reported. Participants in both the training and control group showed post-training improvements in most of the outcome variables, suggesting that practice effects can be found even when a task is only performed twice. We conclude by discussing possible explanations for the differences between our results and those reported in prior studies, and recommend that any claims of improvement should be supported by studies capable of replicating them.

scholarly journals The Application of Story Telling in Pre – School Children Towards Language Ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Mamik Ratnawati ◽  
Monika Sawitri Prihatini ◽  
Heni Maryati ◽  
Ririn Probowati ◽  
Fitri Firranda Nurmalisyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
And Control

The development of children under five is very important part. Various forms of disease, malnutrition, lack of and love stimulation at this age will lead a negative impact that persists until adulthood even to old age. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in language skills of children with the treatment of story telling methods without story telling. The method this study used quasy experiment with pre test – post test design of treatment and control group. A sample of 50 children in the Nusantara and Kasih Bunda play ground in Sudimoro Village, Megaluh, Jombang. Sampling was carried out using a simple ramdom sampling. The results of study found that treatment group had an influence of story telling on language skills in pre-school children, whereas there were no differences in story telling of language skills in the treatment and control groups.  

scholarly journals Working memory training does not improve executive functioning or fluid intelligence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Rodas ◽  
Ciara Greene
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Task ◽  
And Control

Several studies have reported that cognitive training can lead to improvements of complex mental skills such as intelligence. However, attempts to replicate these findings have not been very successful with many studies reporting lack of transferable effects on cognitive processes unrelated to the training task. On the other hand, transfer effects on cognitive processes closely related to the training task have been more commonly reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of a frequently used working-memory training programme on fluid intelligence and specific executive functions (updating, inhibition, switching, the focus of attention, and sustained attention). We remedied common issues with previous training studies by using an active control group, using more than one instrument to assess each function, and including a larger sample size. The experimental group showed significant improvement in the training task, indicating strong practice effects. However, no evidence of training-specific transfer was found in any of the variables investigated, and we could not replicate any of the previous findings reported. Participants in both the training and control group showed post-training improvements in most of the outcome variables, suggesting that practice effects can be found even when a task is only performed twice. We conclude by discussing possible explanations for the differences between our results and those reported in prior studies, and recommend that any claims of improvement should be supported by studies capable of replicating them.

scholarly journals Intricate Estimation and Evaluation of Mandibular Movements in Geriatric Patients Suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 781-784
Author(s):  
Shruti Dev ◽  
Sonali Perti ◽  
Mirna Garhnayak ◽  
Kalinga K Sahoo ◽  
Angurbala Dhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mandibular Movement ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Mandibular Movements ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that usually affects joints and making them warm, painful, and swollen. The chief purpose of this study was to evaluate movements of mandible in geriatric patients suffering from RA with or without temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Materials and methods A total of 45 people were included in this study with age of 60 years and above. Partially or completely edentulous patients were divided into experimental and control group. Experimental group consists of 20 people suffering from arthritis and control group consists of 25 people without arthritis. Movements were recorded with or without prosthesis while mastication in both experimental and control group. Results Statistical evaluation of two studied groups showed decrease opening angle (p < 0.05) during mastication; however, insertion of new prosthesis showd a significant increase in values in both groups, with an increase in opening and closing angles. Conclusion Positive correlation was found between arthritis and movements of the mandible in older people suffering from RA. Clinical significance Patients suffering from RA are having restricted mandibular movements thus imposing an overall negative impact however; presence of prosthesis has been shown to enforce a positive effect on mandibular movement. How to cite this article Dev S, Perti S, Garhnayak M, Sahoo KK, Dhal A, Garhnayak L. Intricate Estimation and Evaluation of Mandibular Movements in Geriatric Patients Suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(9):781-784.

The Effect of Relaxation Technique (Jacobsen and Benson) on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Ali Akbari ◽  
Forouzan Ahmadi ◽  
Ebrahim Jalili ◽  
Salman Khazaei
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Relaxation Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Nervous System Depression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neurology Clinic ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Control

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system. Depression, anxiety and stress are the most common psychiatric comorbidities in MS, which can have adverse consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of relaxation (Jacobson and Benson) technique on depression, anxiety and stress in MS patients. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted since December 2016 to March 2017 in the Multiple Sclerosis Association and the Neurology Clinic of Farshchian Hospital (Sina) in Hamadan. Sixty patients with multiple sclerosis were randomly assigned to two experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. The control group received routine care and experimental group received the relaxation technique (Jacobson and Benson) in 8 sessions of 60-minute twice a week for 4 weeks in addition to receiving routine care. The DASS-21 scale was completed by samples before and after the intervention. Results: Results of the study showed that in the intervention group, the scores of depression, anxiety and stress after using relaxation (Jacobson and Benson) was decreased significantly (P<0.05), while in the control group no significant decrease was observed (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that relaxation (Jacobson and Benson) is effective in reducing depression, anxiety and stress in patients with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, in addition to prescribing medication, it is suggested that complementary therapies be performed for these patients.

Evaluation of event-related potentials in Klinefelter syndrome and idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umit H. Ulas ◽  
Erol Bolu ◽  
Ece Unlu-Alanoglu ◽  
Yasar Kutukcu ◽  
M. Fatih Ozdag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Control

Background:Many studies have evaluated patients with idiopathic hypogonadothropic hypogonadotropism (IHH), but few of these studies utilize event-related potentials (P300).Aims:To assess the cognitive functions of hypergonadotropic vs. hypogonadotropic patients.Settings and design:The study group consisted of 41 untreated IHH patients, 32 untreated Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients, and 30 healthy control subjects.Methods and material:In this study, the latency and amplitude of P300 was evaluated in 41 untreated IHH and 32 untreated KS patients and compared to healthy control subjects (average age: 30 years). Also evaluated were the patients' hormone levels.Results and conclusions:In this study, the amplitude of P300 was found to be reduced, and the latency prolonged in IHH patients in comparison to KS patients and control subjects. In KS patients, there was no difference in latency of P300, but the amplitude was reduced when compared with the control group. Cognitive dysfunction in patients with hypogonadotropism is related to androgen hormone levels. This deficiency can affect development of the central nervous system (CNS), causing defects of CNS to varying degrees during the perinatal period. Androgen deficiency is considered to exert its effects during the period of cognitive ability development, manifest in IHH patients but not KS patients.

Daily life impairments associated with self-reported childhood/adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and experiences of diagnosis and treatment: Results from the European Lifetime Impairment Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Caci ◽  
M. Doepfner ◽  
P. Asherson ◽  
R. Donfrancesco ◽  
S.V. Faraone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Current Medication ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe Lifetime Impairment Survey assessed impairment and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children/adolescents from six European countries. Parents/caregivers of children/adolescents aged < 20 years with ADHD (ADHD group; n = 535) and without ADHD (control group; n = 424) participated in an online survey. History of ADHD diagnosis was self-reported. ADHD and control groups were compared using impairment and symptom scales; higher scores indicate greater impairment. Mean (SD) age at ADHD diagnosis was 7.0 (2.8) years, following consultation of 2.7 (2.6) doctors over 20.4 (23.9) months. Parents/caregivers (64%; 344/535) reported frustration with some aspect of the diagnostic procedure; 74% (222/298) were satisfied with their child's current medication. ADHD had a negative impact on children/adolescents in all aspects of life investigated. The ADHD group had a higher mean (SD) school impairment score (2.7 [0.7]) compared with the control group (2.1 [0.7]; P < 0.001) and were more likely to be in the bottom of their class (P < 0.001). These data provide insights into impairments associated with ADHD in childhood/adolescence, and identify areas for improvement in its management and treatment.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Radix Polygoni Multiflori on Diabetic Encephalopathy via Regulating Myosin Light Chain Kinase Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu He ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Shiqiang Chen ◽  
Mi Liu ◽  
Wei Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Diabetic Encephalopathy ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Kinase Expression

Currently there has been no effective treatment of diabetic encephalopathy. Radix Polygoni Multiflori, a famous traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used in antiaging treatment, especially in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s diseases. In this study we tried to explore the effect of Radix Polygoni Multiflori on cognitive function among diabetic rats with demonstrated cognitive impairment. SD rats were divided into group A (control group), group B (diabetes), group C (treated with Radix Polygoni Multiflori at the dose of 2 g/kg/d), and group D (treated with same drug at the dose of 1 g/kg/d). The results showed that 8 weeks of Radix Polygoni Multiflori treatment could improve the cognitive dysfunction of diabetic rats (P<0.01), recover the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons, and increase the number of synapses in a dose-dependent manner. Further experiment also suggested that the neuroprotective effect of Radix Polygoni Multiflori was partly achieved by downregulating MLCK expression in hippocampus via ERK signaling.

scholarly journals PO-233 The Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Oral Resveratrol on Hippocampal Neurons in Diabetic Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Li
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Swimming Training ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Creb Protein

Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of aerobic exercise combined with oral resveratrol on ethology and BDNF and CREB proteins of hippocampus neurons in diabetic rats, in order to provide a theoretical basis for revealing the neuroprotective mechanism of exercise and resveratrol. Methods 45 male Sprague Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control (NC), diabetes control (DC), diabetes exercise (DE), diabetes resveratrol (DR) and diabetes exercise and resveratrol (DER). Exercise-related groups performed 8-week swimming training (60min/d，5d/week). Morris maze test, 7d. Escape latency time, strategy of finding platform performance, the protein expression of BDNF and CREB from hippocampus neurons were measured. Results 1）Compared with DM, DR and RE groups, the escape latency of DRE group was significantly shortened (p<0.01), and the strategy of finding platform performance was remarkably improved (p<0.05). 2) Compared with NC group, the protein expression of BDNF of DM group was obviously decreased (p <0.01), while in DRE group was improved significantly than that in DE group (p< 0.05). 3) The level of CREB expression in DM group clearly lower than in group NC (p<0.01), and the expression of CREB in DER and DE groups were remarkably increased (P <0.01) . Conclusions  Eight weeks of swimming training and/or oral resveratrol could increase the expression level of BDNF and CREB protein in the hippocampal neurons of diabetic rats, and improve the ability of spatial learning from behavioral study. It is suggested that the aerobic exercise training and the SIRT1 mechanism of resveratrol perhaps improve the situation of high glucose and indirectly stimulate the expression of BDNF and CREB protein. As a result,  that leads to improve the impair of learning and memory which caused by diabetes.  

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