scholarly journals Evaluation of Seed Nut Size as Index of Selection for Superior Seed Quality Attributes in Two Biotypes of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale)

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
T. O. Kehinde ◽  
M. A. Adebisi ◽  
A. O. Alegiledoye ◽  
O. O. Ajani ◽  
K. A. Shofuyi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seedling Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Width ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Abstract Quality seed nuts are germane to propagation of the cashew plant. Seed nut fraction and genotypes have been identified to influence seed quality of crop plant. Unexpectedly, seed size effect has not been well documented in Brazilian and local biotypes of cashew grown in Nigeria. An experiment was initiated to investigate the effect of three nut sizes and two biotypes of cashew on seed quality (physical and physiological) traits. Seed nut were collected from three cashew plants of the same age of each of the biotypes and were allowed to stay for 60 days after collection. The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates using two factors (nut size and biotypes) in 2011 cropping season in both laboratory and screen house tests. Data were collected on physical characters such as seed length, seed width, 100 seed weight and seed imbibition rate while physiological characters were seed germination and early vigour traits. Data obtained were analysed statistically using Tukey HSD test at 5% probability level. The result revealed that some of the characters were significantly different from one another. Seed nut fraction and biotype had considerable effect on seed length, seed width, seed imbibition rate and 100 seed weight. The two factors (nut size and biotype) interaction had profound effect on seed width only. On seed physiological quality, biotype effect was significant on seedling fresh and dry weights and seedling growth rate whereas seed nut size had considerable effect on seed germination, seedling vigour index, seedling fresh weight and seedling growth rate. The interaction effect of nut size and biotype recorded significant effect on the above four characters. Brazilian biotype had superior physical characters (seed length, width and weight) but with low imbibitions rate while medium and large nut sizes gave the highest seed germination and seedling vigour. Also, medium and large nuts had the highest seedling fresh weight whereas the highest seedling growth rate was recorded with small size seed. However, large, medium and small nut sizes of local biotype had the highest imbibition rate, whereas small, medium and large nut size of Brazilian biotype gave the highest 100 seed weight. On seedling emergence, large nuts of local biotype recorded the highest seedling emergence and seedling vigour index. Medium nuts of the two biotypes of cashew are recommended for cashew seed multiplication. Further research on physiology of cashew nut sizes during storage and osmo and hydro priming treatment effect are necessary and therefore advocated.

scholarly journals Effect of Alternaria sesami on Germination and Seedling Growth of Sesame

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lakshmi Pravallika ◽  
S.L. Bhattiprolu ◽  
K. Radhika ◽  
M. Raghavendra
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Vigour Index

Background: Sesame is an important oil seed crop affected by toxigenic fungal pathogens viz., Alternaria, Fusarium and Aspergillus. Among these, Alternaria sesami is seed borne and most destructive pathogen causing yield loss to an extent of 28.9 per cent. Hence the effect of artificial infection with A. sesami on seed quality of various samples of sesame was investigated during 2017-2018. Methods: A total of 28 samples were collected from different sesame growing areas of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and inoculated with A. sesami. The inoculated and uninoculated seeds were tested for germination and seedling growth by rolled paper towel method.Result: Significant differences in seed germination, seedling length and seedling vigour index were observed among the uninoculated as well as inoculated sesame seed samples. The results indicated that Alternaria sesami caused 15.13% to 49.68%, 12.77% to 46.14% and 28.28% to 72.87% reduction in seed germination, seedling length and vigour index, respectively, of inoculated seed over uninoculated seeds. The per cent reduction was highest in the seed samples of YLM-17 collected from farmers’ saved seed samples of Prakasam district.

scholarly journals The effect of strong microwave electric field radiation on: (1) vegetable seed germination and seedling growth rate

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Radzevičius ◽  
Sandra Sakalauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Dagys ◽  
Rimantas Simniškis ◽  
Rasa Karklelienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vegetable Seed ◽  
Seedling Growth Rate ◽  
Field Radiation

Phenotypic Variation and Seed Characters Evaluation in Different Provenances of Albizia Lebbeck (L.) Benth.

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
I. Thakur ◽  
Sukesh Dhuppe ◽  
J. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Seed Width ◽  
100 Seed Weight

The present investigation on Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. was carried out to estimate the genetic variability for some phenotypic characters and seed traits of trees selected from fifteen different provenances. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for all the characters viz; tree height, diameter, crown spread, seed length, seed width and 100 seed weight. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and estimates of genetic parameters viz; heritability, genetic advance and genetic gain have also been discussed.

Correlation and Multiple Regression Model for Economic Traits of Local Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Upland Rice System

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanaporn Kajonphol ◽  
Nipaporn Seetaput ◽  
Monamorn Precharattana ◽  
Chontira Sangsiri
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Seed Width ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
100 Seed Weight

This study was conducted to stabilize the correlation parameter for economic traits of local rice (Oryza sativa L.). The results revealed that the number of tiller (NT) was positively correlated with plant height (PH, r = 0.55211), number of panicle (NP, r = 0.48390), panicle length (PL, r = 0.31181), seed length (SL, r = 0.33430), total seed weight (TSW, r = 0.28122), however, the negatively correlated with seed width (SW, r = -0.26725). Plant height (PH) was negatively correlated with seed width (SW, r = -0.42971) and 100 seed weight (HS, r = -0.28991). Number of panicle (NP) was positively correlated with panicle length (PL, r = 0.32888) and total seed weight (TSW = 0.75128). Panicle length (PL) was positively correlated with number of seed (NS, r = 0.38332), seed length (SL, r = 0.53582) and total seed weight (TSW, r = 0.51078). Number of seed (NS) was positively correlated with total seed weight (TS, r = 0.54696). Seed length (SL) was positively correlated with 100 seed weight (HS, r = 0.46799) and total seed weight (TSW, r = 0.33826). Seed width (SW) was positively correlated with 100 seed weight (HS, r = 0.66074). In this experiment, multiple regression formula was Y(TSW) = -51.31 + 0.045(PH) + 2.77(NP) + 0.21(NS) + 8.88(HS) with R2 = 0.5644. Our results represent the relationship among traits and making for design a crop model in rice planting system.

scholarly journals Quantitative genetic analysis in Phalaris tuberosa II. Assortative mating and maternal effects in the inheritance of date of ear emergence, seed weight and seedling growth rate

1965 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. H. Latter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Additive Genetic Variation ◽  
Seedling Growth Rate

The variation shown by the Australian Commercial population of P. tuberosa in respect of date of ear emergence, seed weight and seedling weight has been analysed, and the interrelationships among the variables characterized. All three characters show appreciable additive genetic variation, in the sense that approximately seven generations of artificial selection would be sufficient to push the population mean for each trait beyond the range shown by introduced ecotypes.Apart from the positive association between seed weight and seedling weight due to maternal influence, the three variables are to a large extent genetically independent in this locally adapted interbreeding population. It is therefore probable that the negative ecotypic correlations between seedling growth rate and date of ear emergence, and between seed weight and date of ear emergence, would rapidly be dispelled under random mating in a synthetic population.Under open-pollination, date of ear emergence has been shown to be subject to phenotypic assortative mating of degree ρ = 0·78, approximately 53% of the variation being additive genetic. Variation in seed weight within the strain is extensive, with a heritability of 0·79. Neither character shows evidence of important genotype × years interaction.Variation in seedling weight involves an appreciable genotype × environment interaction component, and has a heritability of only 0·17 which includes variation due to genetically determined maternal effects. The correlation between the seed weight of an ovule parent and the ‘ true’ mean seedling weight of the derived maternal half-sib group is of the order of 0·57. It has been estimated that the correlated response per generation in seedling weight, due to selection for seed weight, is 0·54 times that expected from direct selection.

EFFECT OF SOLID AND LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF ROSSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) IN THE NIGERIAN SAVANNAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-439
Author(s):  
K. M. Ladan ◽  
M. G. Abubakar ◽  
J. Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
100 Seed Weight

The Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of solid and liquid organic fertilizer on growth and yield of rosselle in 2016 cropping season at Institute of Agricultural Reserve Zaria, Samaru (11011’N 07038E and 686m) and Institute of Horticultural Research Farm Bagauda (12000’N 8031”Em 488m) in Northern Guinea Savannah and Sudan Savannah Ecological Zones of above sea level Nigeria. Treatments consisted of four levels of solid poultry manure (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0) tons/ha and five levels of liquid organic manure from Grand Total Organic Fertilizer Limited (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.9) litres/ha, which were factorially combined in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Data on growth parameter were collected on plant height (cm), plant dry weight (g), leaf Area index crop growth rate (CGR) Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Net assimilation rate (NAR) while data on yield parameters like number of calyx per pant, 100 seed weight (g) and  calyx yield per hectare kg/ha were collected. Results showed that plant height, plant dry weight(g), 100 seed weight(g) and calyx dry yield kg/ha had a significant increase with application of 2.0 litres/ha of liquid fertilizer than other rates. While application of solid poultry manure at 3.0ton/ha significantly increases plant height, net assimilation rate, leaf area index and calyx dry weight when compared with other rates. From the results obtained, the combination of 2.0 litres/ha liquid organic fertilizer and 3.0 ton/ha solid poultry manure produce the highest calyx yield at both location.

THE EFFECTS OF SEEDING RATE AND ROW WIDTH IN RELATION TO SEED PRODUCTION IN ORCHARD GRASS, DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L.

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Fulkerson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
The Third ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The effects of six seeding rates and five row spacings on seed yield, seed quality and the yield components—number of fertile culms per square foot, number of seeds per culm and seed weight were studied in orchard grass.Row width had a marked effect on seed yield each year. Rate of seeding affected seed yield to a lesser extent and a row width × seeding rate interaction did occur. Seeding rates and row width caused small relatively unimportant differences in seedling establishment and early seedling vigour only in the third harvest year. Considering seed yield, seed quality and the ease of weed control, the best treatment combination appeared to be a seeding rate in the area of [Formula: see text] in 14-in. rows for stands to produce for 2 or 3 years.Seed yield was positively and closely correlated with the number of fertile culms in the first 2 crop years but a negative relationship was found in the third crop year. Seed weight was negatively correlated with seed yield. The number of seeds per panicle was closely associated with yield in the third crop year and negatively correlated with seed weight and culm numbers.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterization of 183 Turkish Common Bean Accessions for Agronomic, Trading, and Consumer-Preferred Plant Characteristics for Breeding Purposes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azhar Nadeem ◽  
Tolga Karaköy ◽  
Mehmet Zahit Yeken ◽  
Ephrem Habyarimana ◽  
Ruştu Hatipoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Plant landraces represent a repository of a gene pool, local adaptation of their domestic species, and thereby are considered a great source of genetic variations. Such genetic variation can be helpful to mitigate the current and future food challenges. A total of 183 common bean accessions including three commercial varieties collected from 19 Turkish provinces were grown to record their morpho-agronomic variations and to evaluate the best performing accessions under multi-environmental conditions. Plant height, days to maturity, pods weight, seed length, and 100-seed weight were used to evaluate the best performing accessions under different environmental conditions. A wide range of variations for traits like days to maturity (99–161), plant height (21–168.7 cm), seed length (7.41–16.4 mm), seeds per plant (17.8–254.4), and 100-seeds weight (24.97–73.8 g) were observed and can be useful for breeding purposes. The analytic results derived from the first three eigenvectors suggested that plant height, plant weight, 100-seed weight, and days to flowering were biologically significant bean traits. Seed yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with plant weight and pods weight. Genotype × environment biplot discriminated the studied common bean accessions based on their plant height and growth habit. Plant height, days to maturity, seed width, and first pod height were found highly heritable traits and were least affected by environmental forces. Among 19 provinces, accessions of Bilecik showed maximum pods per plant, seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight, while Erzincan and Sivas provinces reflected the prevalence of bushy and early maturing accessions. Information provided herein comprehensively explored the occurrence of genotypic variations which can be used for the development of candidate varieties responding to breeder, farmer, and consumer preferences.

Effect of Three Desiccant Herbicides on Soybean (Glycine max) Seed Quality

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond F. Cerkauskas ◽  
Onkar D. Dhingra ◽  
James B. Sinclair ◽  
Stephen R. Foor
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sodium Chlorate ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Combined Data

Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] cultivars ‘UFV1’ and ‘UFV2’ grown at Viçosa and Florestal, Brazil, and ‘Bonus' and ‘Wells' at Urbana, Illinois, were sprayed at growth stages R5.5to R6(full-pod) or R7(50% defoliation) with the desiccant/herbicides glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), or sodium chlorate:sodium borate (50:50, w/v). Desiccation of plants by paraquat significantly reduced seed weight and germination at all locations and increased the incidence ofAlternariaandPhomopsisspp. at Urbana. Analysis of the combined data from the Brazilian locations showed a significant decrease in seed germination for all treatments except paraquat sprayed on the UFV2at R7and sodium chlorate: sodium borate sprayed on UFV1at R7. Herbicide application at R7did not result in consistent increases in seedborneFusariumorPhomopsisspp. at any Brazilian location. Rainfall and temperature at seed maturation were more important variables in pod-to-seed infection by these fungi than increased rates of tissue senescence caused by the desiccants.

Physiological trade-offs associated with methyl jasmonate - induced resistance in Pinus radiata

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Gould ◽  
Tony Reglinski ◽  
Mike Spiers ◽  
Joe T. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Meja Treatment ◽  
Seedling Growth Rate ◽  
The Impact

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can induce defence responses in plants to pathogen attack, but it can also have consequences for plant growth. The transient effects of exogenous MeJA treatment on the resistance of Monterey pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) seedlings to Diplodia pinea (Desm.) Kickx. and some physiological parameters affecting the impact of treatment on seedling growth were investigated. Following foliar application of 4.5 mmol·L–1 MeJA, disease resistance was greatest 1–2 weeks after treatment and declined with time thereafter. Elevated disease resistance was accompanied by a reduction in seedling growth rate the second week following MeJA treatment. Thereafter, seedling growth rate recovered and exceeded that of the control seedlings 4–5 weeks after MeJA treatment. Within hours of MeJA treatment, reductions in both the capacity of photosystem II and transpiration rate were observed, resulting in a concomitant reduction in net CO2 uptake rate. The slight reduction in transpiration rate was also associated with an increase in needle water potential. Longer term measurements showed no effect of MeJA on photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, or shoot water potential and thus could not account for the elevated growth rate observed 4–5 weeks after treatment.

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