Effect of Three Desiccant Herbicides on Soybean (Glycine max) Seed Quality

Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] cultivars ‘UFV1’ and ‘UFV2’ grown at Viçosa and Florestal, Brazil, and ‘Bonus' and ‘Wells' at Urbana, Illinois, were sprayed at growth stages R5.5to R6(full-pod) or R7(50% defoliation) with the desiccant/herbicides glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), or sodium chlorate:sodium borate (50:50, w/v). Desiccation of plants by paraquat significantly reduced seed weight and germination at all locations and increased the incidence ofAlternariaandPhomopsisspp. at Urbana. Analysis of the combined data from the Brazilian locations showed a significant decrease in seed germination for all treatments except paraquat sprayed on the UFV2at R7and sodium chlorate: sodium borate sprayed on UFV1at R7. Herbicide application at R7did not result in consistent increases in seedborneFusariumorPhomopsisspp. at any Brazilian location. Rainfall and temperature at seed maturation were more important variables in pod-to-seed infection by these fungi than increased rates of tissue senescence caused by the desiccants.

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Seasonal Progress of Phomopsis longicolla Infection on Soybean Plant Parts and Its Relationship to Seed Quality

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-10-1009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (10) ◽

pp. 1009-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Alemu Mengistu ◽

Lisa Castlebury ◽

Rusty Smith ◽

Jeff Ray ◽

Nacer Bellaloui

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Soybean Plant ◽

Seed Infection ◽

Phomopsis Longicolla ◽

Hard Seed ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Diaporthe Phaseolorum ◽

The Relationship

Phomopsis longicolla is a major seed pathogen of soybean (Glycine max) in hot, humid environments. The objective of this study was to monitor the infection and development of P. longicolla on vegetative and reproductive tissues of six cultivars and to determine the relationship between this infection and subsequent seed infection and seed germination. Cultivars were grown for 3 years (2002 to 2004) without irrigation or with irrigation applied at pre- plus postflowering or at postflowering growth stages. P. longicolla was isolated most frequently from leaf, stem, pod, root, and seed. Diaporthe phaseolorum and three unidentified Phomopsis sp. were also isolated. Diaporthe aspalathi, which previously has not been reported on soybean, was also recovered from leaf samples. These isolates, however, were recovered very infrequently. Recovery of P. longicolla from roots was much lower than from leaves, stems, and pods in all years and irrigation environments. The recovery of P. longicolla from seed was affected by irrigation environments. Seed from irrigated plots had more P. longicolla than that from nonirrigated plots. Isolation of P. longicolla from seed was negatively correlated with percentage of seed germination in irrigated environments but not in the nonirrigated environment. Pod infection was correlated with seed infection in all three irrigation environments. Even though infection of leaves and stems increased with increasing moisture availability, such infection did not consistently correlate with seed infection. Seed germination and seed infection were negatively correlated with percent hard seed. This study provided the first demonstration of the seasonal progression of P. longicolla on soybean cultivars grown under three irrigation environments.

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Effects of Harvest-Aids on Seed Nutrition in Soybean under Midsouth USA Conditions

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9081007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1007

Author(s):

Nacer Bellaloui ◽

H. Arnold Bruns ◽

Hamed K. Abbas ◽

Daniel K. Fisher ◽

Alemu Mengistu

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Sodium Chlorate ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Seed Composition ◽

Seed Fill ◽

Harvest Efficiency

Interest in using harvest aids (defoliants or crop desiccants) such as paraquat, carfentrazone-ethyl, glyphosate, and sodium chlorate (NaClO3) have become increasingly important to assure harvest efficiency, producer profit, and to maintain seed quality. However, information on the effects of harvest aids on seed nutrition (composition) (protein, oil, fatty acids, sugars, and amino acids) in soybean is very limited. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of harvest aids on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, sugars, and amino acids in soybean. Our hypothesis was that harvest aid may influence seed nutrition, especially at R6 as at R6 the seeds may still undergo biochemical changes. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 under Midsouth USA environmental conditions in which harvest aids were applied at R6 (seed-fill) and R7 (yellow pods) growth stages. Harvest aids applied included an untreated control, 0.28 kg ai ha−1 of paraquat, 0.28 kg ai ha−1 of paraquat, and 1.015 kg ai ha−1 of carfentrazone-ethyl (AIM); 6.72 kg ai ha−1 sodium chlorate, 1.015 kg ai ha−1 carfentrazone-ethyl; and 2.0 kg ae ha−1 glyphosate. Results showed that the application of harvest aids at either R6 or R7 resulted in the alteration of some seed composition such as protein, oil, oleic acid, fructose, and little effects on amino acids. In addition, harvest aids affected seed composition constituents differently depending on year and growth stage. This research demonstrated the possible alteration of some nutrients by harvest aids. This research helps growers and scientists to advance the understanding and management of harvest aids and investigate possible effects of harvest aids on seed nutrition.

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Effect of Seed-Borne Sarocladium Oryzae, the Incitant of Rice Sheath Rot on Rice Seed Quality

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-010-0017-1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 98-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chellappan Gopalakrishnan ◽

Ayyanar Kamalakannan ◽

Veeramuthu Valluvaparidasan

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Seed Infection ◽

Phenol Content ◽

Rice Seeds ◽

Sheath Rot

Effect of Seed-BorneSarocladium Oryzae, the Incitant of Rice Sheath Rot on Rice Seed QualityRice seeds collected fromSarocladium oryzaeinoculated plants produced more discoloured grain, chaffiness and recorded much lower seed germination than seeds collected from healthy plants in all the three cultivars tested. The germination, chaffiness and discolouration in healthy plants were found to be in the range of 70.50 to 93.50 per cent, 5.5 to 17.75 per cent and 4 to 18 per cent respectively. There was a progressive and significant reduction in total sugar, reducing sugar and non reducing sugar content of rice seeds with varying degree of seed infection caused byS. oryzaeThe increase in phenol content due toS. oryzaeinfection ranged from 15.74 to 70.78 per cent and increase being proportional to the per centS. oryzaeseed infection.

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MOISTURE CONTENT AND VARIETY OF JUTE SEED IS AFFECTED BY LONG TERM SEED STORAGE

Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agricultural ◽

10.26480/mjsa.01.2021.24.28 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 24-28

Author(s):

Md. Zablul Tareq ◽

Arif Mohammad Mojakkir ◽

Mir Mehedi Hasan ◽

Md. Jewel Alam ◽

Md. Abu Sadat

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Crop Production ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Storage Period ◽

Seed Vigour ◽

Storage Container ◽

Field Emergence ◽

Healthy Seed

Seed perform a vital role in agricultural sector for crop production as well as seed business. Scarcity of healthy seed hinder not only the crop production but also the quality of seed. Storing of healthy seed with proper storing condition is one of the suitable methods to maximize production however, healthy seed also lose its quality during seed storage. Seed remains viable for long time if the seed stored by maintaining seed moisture content, storage temperature with storage container. So, this experiment was carried out to observe the quality parameters of jute seed during long term storing. To find out the storage effect an experiment was conducted on march, 2020 at seed laboratory, Jute Agriculture Experimental Station, Jagir, Manikganj, Bangladesh during the period of January 2016 to March, 2020. Plastic pot was used in this experiment as a storage container to store jute seeds. Three tossa jute (C. olitorius L.) varieties viz., O-795 (V1), O-9897 (V2) and OM-1 (V3) were used in this study. Result revealed that storage period and jute variety showed significant effect on different seed quality parameters. The highest seed germination, field emergence, seed vigour and the lowest 1000-seed weight, moisture content were recorded in T5 (2019-20) treatment. On the other hand, the lowest seed germination, field emergence, seed vigour and the highest 1000-seed weight, moisture content were recorded in T1 (2015-2016) treatment. Furthermore, seed germination, field emergence, seed vigour was negatively but 1000-seed weight was positively correlate with moisture content. Results revealed that extended storage period caused the decreasing seed quality and seed can be stored for three years in plastic container without hampering the seed quality.

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Evaluation of Seed Nut Size as Index of Selection for Superior Seed Quality Attributes in Two Biotypes of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale)

Plant Breeding and Seed Science ◽

10.1515/plass-2015-0032 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 69-81

Author(s):

T. O. Kehinde ◽

M. A. Adebisi ◽

A. O. Alegiledoye ◽

O. O. Ajani ◽

K. A. Shofuyi

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Seed Length ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Seedling Growth Rate ◽

Seed Width ◽

100 Seed Weight

Abstract Quality seed nuts are germane to propagation of the cashew plant. Seed nut fraction and genotypes have been identified to influence seed quality of crop plant. Unexpectedly, seed size effect has not been well documented in Brazilian and local biotypes of cashew grown in Nigeria. An experiment was initiated to investigate the effect of three nut sizes and two biotypes of cashew on seed quality (physical and physiological) traits. Seed nut were collected from three cashew plants of the same age of each of the biotypes and were allowed to stay for 60 days after collection. The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates using two factors (nut size and biotypes) in 2011 cropping season in both laboratory and screen house tests. Data were collected on physical characters such as seed length, seed width, 100 seed weight and seed imbibition rate while physiological characters were seed germination and early vigour traits. Data obtained were analysed statistically using Tukey HSD test at 5% probability level. The result revealed that some of the characters were significantly different from one another. Seed nut fraction and biotype had considerable effect on seed length, seed width, seed imbibition rate and 100 seed weight. The two factors (nut size and biotype) interaction had profound effect on seed width only. On seed physiological quality, biotype effect was significant on seedling fresh and dry weights and seedling growth rate whereas seed nut size had considerable effect on seed germination, seedling vigour index, seedling fresh weight and seedling growth rate. The interaction effect of nut size and biotype recorded significant effect on the above four characters. Brazilian biotype had superior physical characters (seed length, width and weight) but with low imbibitions rate while medium and large nut sizes gave the highest seed germination and seedling vigour. Also, medium and large nuts had the highest seedling fresh weight whereas the highest seedling growth rate was recorded with small size seed. However, large, medium and small nut sizes of local biotype had the highest imbibition rate, whereas small, medium and large nut size of Brazilian biotype gave the highest 100 seed weight. On seedling emergence, large nuts of local biotype recorded the highest seedling emergence and seedling vigour index. Medium nuts of the two biotypes of cashew are recommended for cashew seed multiplication. Further research on physiology of cashew nut sizes during storage and osmo and hydro priming treatment effect are necessary and therefore advocated.

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Yield and Seed Quality of Soybean Cultivars Infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1998.82.7.826 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 82 (7) ◽

pp. 826-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

D. D. Hoffman ◽

G. L. Hartman ◽

D. S. Mueller ◽

R. A. Leitz ◽

C. D. Nickell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Oil Content ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

The United States ◽

Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽

Group Iii ◽

Central Illinois

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is one of the most important diseases of soybean in the United States. Five maturity group III cultivars, Asgrow A3304 STS (A3304), Pioneer Brand 9342 (P9342), Pioneer Brand 9381 (P9381), Probst, and Yale, grown in fields in east-central Illinois, were used to determine the relationship of SSR incidence to yield, 100-seed weight, seed protein and oil content, visual seed quality, and seed germination. In addition, the number of sclerotia in seed samples and the seedborne incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were determined. For each cultivar, at least 23 two-row plots, 3 m long, that represented a range of SSR incidence from low to high, were used to count the number of plants with and without SSR stem symptoms and were used to estimate yields and evaluate seed quality. Disease incidence ranged from 2 to 45% for Probst, 0 to 65% for P9381, 0 to 68% for P9342, 1 to 93% for Yale, and 0 to 95% for A3304. Regression of yields on SSR incidences for each cultivar was significant (P < 0.05); for every 10% increase in SSR incidence, yields were reduced by 147, 194, 203, 254, and 263 kg/ha for Probst, A3304, P9342, Yale, and P9381, respectively. Disease incidence was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with seed germination for all cultivars but Probst, and to oil content and seed weight for P9381 and Yale. Disease incidence was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with seed quality for all cultivars and to the number of sclerotia in harvested seeds for P9342, P9381, and Probst. The seedborne incidence of S. sclerotiorum was 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.7% in A3304, P9381, Yale, Probst, and P9342, respectively, and represents a significant potential for further spread of this pathogen and disease.

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Cercospora kikuchii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20056400466 ◽

1975 ◽

Author(s):

J. L. Mulder

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽

Seed Infection ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Purple Colour ◽

Cercospora Kikuchii ◽

Characteristic Symptom ◽

Purple Seed Stain

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora kikuchii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Glycine max, Phaseolus spp., Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Vigna. DISEASE: Purple seed stain (also purple blotch, purple stain or purple speck) of soyabean Infection has also been reported on other legumes, including bean (cowpea) and cluster bean or guar (35, 861; 42, 69). The most characteristic symptom is the light to dark purple colour of the seed coat, the whole of which can be affected, and which shows cracking. Other species of Cercospora cause this purple staining of soyabean seed when pods are inoculated (35, 861; 39, 68) but these are not apparently of importance in the field. Seed germination may not be greatly reduced but infected seeds develop into weak seedlings (sometimes there is a slow death) and less productive plants. Reddish-purple spots, becoming angular to irregular, up to 1 cm diam., occur on the leaves; stems are also infected (4, 714; 29, 489; 30, 503). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread with host. TRANSMISSION: Through seed; infection of seed is lowest before maturity and can rise to 50% at maturity and to higher levels thereafter (36, 569). Plants whose maturity is delayed (and where the flowering period is longer) tend to show more seed infection (45, 3447). Infection of the seed reduced germination in a blotter test and in the field; the fungus can occur in seeds that show no purple staining (52, 1735).

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Effects of Harvest-Aid Herbicides on Soybean (Glycine max) Seed Yield and Quality

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00034837 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 339-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sunil Ratnayake ◽

David R. Shaw

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Primary Root ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Normal Seedling ◽

Harvest Aid ◽

Ac 263,222 ◽

Soybean Plants

Experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to investigate the influence of 220 g ai ha–1AC 263,222, 840 g ai ha-4glufosinate, 560 g ai ha–1glyphosate, and 840 g ai ha–1paraquat applied at R5, R6, R7, and R8 soybean growth stages as harvest-aid treatments on soybean seed quality. Soybean yield was severely reduced by all herbicides applied at R5. Only paraquat and glufosinate reduced soybean yield when applied at R6, and none of the herbicides reduced yield when applied at R7 or R8. Paraquat and glufosinate reduced seed weight when applied at RS and R6. Glyphosate and AC 263,222 reduced seed germination when applied at RS, R6, and R7 growth stages, and normal seedling percentages were also reduced by glyphosate at these growth stages. Glufosinate and AC 263,222 affected normal seedlings only at R5 and R6. Soybean hypocotyl and primary root lengths were reduced by glyphosate and AC 263,222 applications at R5 and R6, whereas glufosinate and paraquat did not affect these variables. Glyphosate applied at R5 reduced shoot weight in 1-mo-old soybean plants. No effects were observed on soybean yield, seed germination or seedling development when herbicides were applied at R8.

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Improvement of Growth, Yield, Seed Production and Phytochemical Properties of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad by Foliar Application of Boron and Zinc

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112469 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2469

Author(s):

Hasan Mumivand ◽

Parisa Khanizadeh ◽

Mohammad Reza Morshedloo ◽

Edyta Sierka ◽

Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Seed Production ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Distilled Water

Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad is a valuable and endemic medicinal plant. Boron and zinc are essential elements for the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants and have significant effects on yield, essential oil composition and the seed production of plants. To investigate the effects of the foliar application of zinc and boron on the growth, yield, seed production and phytochemical properties of S. khuzistanica, a study was conducted in a factorial experiment with three replicates in two consecutive years based on a randomized complete block design. The foliar application of boron (B) at three concentrations (control or distilled water, 0.4% and 0.8% as H3BO3) and zinc (Zn) at three concentrations (control or distilled water, 0.3% and 0.6% as ZnSO4) was carried out. Our results showed that the foliar application of B resulted in a significant increase in the fresh and dry weights of plants, the dry weight of stems, drug yield, seed yield, seed germination and 1000-seed weight. At the same time, the application of B resulted in a significant decrease in seed emptiness. The fresh and dry weights of plants, drug yield, seed yield, 1000-seed weight and seed germination were also significantly improved by Zn foliar spraying compared to the control. Application of 0.8% B resulted in a significant decrease in seed emptiness by 14.16% and 22.37%, as compared to the control. The foliar spraying of B and Zn improved the total phenolic content, the essential oil content and the yield and antioxidant activity of S. khuzistanica. Moreover, B application generally concentrated more carvacrol in the essential oil (in the first experimental year). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between Zn treatments in carvacrol content and total flavonoids. The use of several microelements, such as B and Zn, could improve both the quantity and quality of S. khuzistanica. Additionally, improvement of seed set and seed quality by the foliar spraying of Zn and B may be useful for growing plants in arid and semi-arid areas.

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Yield and Seed quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v2i2.4250 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 93-100

Author(s):

Shahnaj Yesmina ◽

Moushumi Akhtarb ◽

Belal Hossain

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Nitrogen Level ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Harvesting Time ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Vigour Index

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time on yield and seed quality of barley. The treatments used in the experiment consisted of two varieties viz. BARI Barley 4 and BARI Barley 5, three harvesting time viz. 35, 40 and 45 Days after Anthesis (DAA) and nitrogen levels viz. 0, 70, 85 and 100 kg N ha-1 . The experiment was laid out in a spilt- spilt-plot design with three replications assigning the variety to the main plot, harvesting time to the sub-plots and nitrogen level to the sub-sub plots. Variety had significant effects on the all yield attributes except fertile seeds spike-1 . Seed quality parameters viz. normal seeds spike-1 , deformed seeds spike-1 , germination (%) and vigour index were statistically significant. The variety BARI Barley 5 produced higher grain yield and seed quality than BARI Barley 4. Grain yield from BARI Barley 5 and BARI Barley 4 were 4.59 t ha-1 and 4.24 t ha-1 , respectively. Significantly, the highest 1000-seed weight (46.90 g) was produced by BARI Barley 5 than (37.90 g) BARI Barley 4. The result revealed that harvesting time had significant effect on yield and yield attributes and seed quality parameters. Seed yield was highest (4.65 t ha-1 ) when the crop harvested at 40 DAA and it was increased linearly from 35 DAA. Maximum quality seed and 1000-seed weight (43.20 g) was obtained when the crop harvested at 40 DAA. All the yields, yield attributes and seed quality parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen levels. The highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained when BARI Barley 5 variety was fertilized by 100 kg N ha-1 and the lowest (3.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained from control treatments. Normal seeds spike-1 , vigour index, germination (%) were better at 85 kg N ha-1 in variety of BARI Barley 5 than BARI Barley 4. So it can be concluded that BARI Barley 5 showed better result when fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting maximum yield and 85 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting better quality seed.

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