English L3 acquisition in heritage contexts: Modelling a path through the bilingualism controversy

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-298
Author(s):  
Eliane Lorenz ◽  
Tugba Elif Toprak ◽  
Peter Siemund
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Third Language ◽  
L3 Acquisition ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Turkish German

Abstract The current study adds to research investigating the influence of bilingualism on third language (L3) acquisition, more specifically the assumption that the two previously acquired languages enhance the acquisition of an additional language. We here rely on data from 1,409 bilingual (Russian-/Turkish-German) and monolingual (German) students of grades seven and nine, sampled in schools across Germany. The relevant literature yields mixed and controversial results regarding bilingual advantages, yet it also suggests that L3 acquisition is a multidimensional process potentially affected by various linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. Thus, we examine the relationship between English proficiency (L2 or L3), reading comprehension in German and the heritage languages Turkish and Russian along with cognitive ability and socio-economic status by using several multi-group path analyses, a type of structural equation modelling. The proposed structural equation model of English proficiency can be successfully fitted for all participants investigated, i.e. for both the monolingual and bilingual learners, with the exception of the Turkish-German group when analyzed separately. Overall, the results do not suggest any obvious bilingual facilitation effects or general differences across the learner groups, yet minor differences between the monolingual and bilingual groups in various componential relationships are detected.

scholarly journals Gender roles and dating violence: A mediator role of moral disengagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
Ahmet Erdem ◽  
Fuad Bakioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediator Role ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediator role of moral disengagement in the relationship between gender roles and dating violence. Participants were 425 university students [310 (72.9%) female, 115 (27.1%) male, Mage = 20.68 years, SD = 2.21] who completed questionnaires package involving the Gender Roles Attitudes Scale, the Attitudes toward Dating Violence Scales, and the Moral Disengagement Scale. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. A bootstrapping analysis was conducted in order to determine any indirect effects. The results showed that gender roles predicted moral disengagement and dating violence negatively, and that moral disengagement predicted dating violence positively. It was further found that the structural equation model that proposed that gender roles had a direct and an indirect effect through moral disengagement on dating violence was confirmed. The results of the study were discussed in the light of relevant literature, and suggestions for future studies were made.

scholarly journals A Study on the Factors Influencing the Satisfaction of College Users on Logistics Services under the Structural Equation Model: Example of Jingdong Logistics in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Guoxing Zhang ◽  
Jiamin Cai ◽  
Yuhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
Customer Satisfaction Index ◽  
Hypothesis Model

In this paper, the structural equation model is used to investigate the factors that affect the satisfaction of college students with Jingdong (JD) logistics. Based on the Swedish customer satisfaction index (SCSI) model and the American customer satisfaction index (ACSI) model, combined with their own actual needs, the model of college students’ satisfaction with JD Logistics is redefined. In this way, the scale indicators of the questionnaire survey are set. Combined with the research and empirical analysis of relevant literature, the initial model hypothesis was constructed, and six path hypotheses were proposed. The reliability and validity analysis confirmed that the questionnaire scale had high reliability and structural validity, and the structural equation model is also carried out. The fitting degree test confirmed that the structural equation hypothesis model has a high degree of fit, and verified the hypothesis established in the article, and finally put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for improving the service system of JD Logistics.

Cross-linguistic influence in the child third language acquisition of grammar: Sentence comprehension and production among Turkish-German and German learners of English

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Hopp
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Third Language Acquisition ◽  
L3 Acquisition ◽  
German Children ◽  
The One ◽  
Turkish German

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: This paper investigates the extent to which current formal models of third language (L3) grammatical acquisition extend to sequential child L3 acquisition. We examine whether heritage speakers learning a foreign language as an early L3 transfer grammatical properties from the heritage language or the dominant second language (L2). Design/Methodology/Approach: We used a sentence repetition task and a picture story retelling task. The tasks focussed on grammatical phenomena that were either different between English and German, that is, verb-second and adverb order, or between English and German, on the one hand, and Turkish, on the other, that is, verb-complement order as well as subject and article realization. Data and Analysis: We tested matched groups of 31 Turkish-German and 31 monolingual German children learning English in grades 3 and 4, and we compared sentence repetitions as well as oral sentence production across different grammatical phenomena using parametric statistics. Findings/Conclusions: In both tasks, the two groups perform indistinguishably from each other, and both groups show selective transfer of grammatical properties from German. These findings suggest L2 transfer from a typologically related language in sequential child L3 acquisition. Originality: This paper breaks new ground by testing the applicability of formal models of adult L3 acquisition of grammar to sequential child L3 learners. It uses aural comprehension and oral production tasks with carefully matched groups of L2 and L3 learners of English to isolate the source of grammatical transfer in L3 acquisition. Significance/Implications: The research advances our understanding of cross-linguistic influence and unravels the dynamics of grammatical transfer in early child multilingualism. It adjudicates between current models of transfer in L3 acquisition in a multiple-methods design, it shows that these models apply to early L3 acquisition of heritage speakers, and it highlights that these models need to be expanded to include factors such as dominance and proficiency in prior languages.

scholarly journals Key Factors to Green Building Technologies Adoption in Developing Countries: The Perspective of Chinese Designers

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Shoujian Zhang ◽  
Yikun Su ◽  
Xinyang Deng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Sustainable Development

Green building is deemed an effective means to realize the sustainable development of environment, economy and society in the construction industry. Green building technologies (GBTS) are important to realize green buildings. In order to make the application of GBTS be adopted and popularized effectively, it is especially important for us to gain thorough comprehension of the key problems that affect the adoption of GBTS. The target of this paper is to better understand the adoption of GBTS from the perspective of designers. This article utilizes a questionnaire to investigate Chinese architectural designers. Through establishing a structural equation model and an analysis of the survey data, the key factors influencing the adoption of GBTS by designers in the Design Company were found out. The results denote that the adoption motivation, the capability of GBTS, the knowledge structure and the defects of GBTS are the significant factors that affect designers’ adoption behaviors. However, the management support of GBTS has no significant effect on designers’ adoption behavior. The research results are helpful to improve adoption of GBTS in design units and accelerate the transformation of GBTS achievements. Additionally, they can promote the application of GBTS in the field of construction. Based on the quantitative theoretical model (the structural equation model), this paper finds out the key factors that affect the application of GBTS from the perspective of designers, enriching the theoretical methods of GBTS research and complementing the relevant literature of GBTS research. Future research will analyze the adoption behavior of GBTS from the point of other stakeholders and from the internal level of the design units.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study into Consumer Acceptance of Dockless Bikes Sharing System Based on TAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Jie Lyu ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Tam Model

The purpose of this study was to propose an extension model that integrated a technology acceptance model (TAM) with dockless bike-sharing (DLBS) features in order to investigate acceptable behavior when using DLBS. In total, 412 participants from China participated in the study. We used a structural equation model to test our research hypotheses. The research results showed that the extended TAM model provided a more comprehensive understanding of the behavior associated with this context. We observed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norms, and facilitating conditions played an important role in the intention to use DLBS. Moreover, DLBS features played an important role in perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The use intention also had an important effect on use behavior. Surprisingly, the three traits of perceived usefulness did not affect perceived usefulness. As such, this study explored, from a consumer’s perspective, why sharing products are accepted. This study offers significant contributions to the relevant literature of the sharing economy. The research results offer enlightening findings for enterprises, as they encourage consumers to adopt the DLBS.

scholarly journals Exploring the influencing factors of quality of life among the empty nesters in Shanxi, China: a structural equation model

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chichen Zhang ◽  
Yuan Cai ◽  
Yaqing Xue ◽  
Xiao Zheng ◽  
Xiaozhao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Abstract Background As China’s aging trend intensifies and the proportion of empty nests increases, the health-related quality of life of the elderly is the focus of social attention. Previous studies focused on the quality of life of the elderly, rather than empty nesters, and lacked the discussion of the mechanism of influencing factors. Thus, this study aimed to explore the influencing factors of the quality of life (QOL) and interaction mechanisms among empty nesters in Shanxi Province, China, so as to provide practical reference for improving the QOL of empty nesters. Methods A total of 4901 empty nesters in Shanxi Province, China, were selected using multi-stage random cluster sampling method in this cross-sectional study. The quality of life was assessed with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Multiple linear regression analysis (stepwise) was performed to examine the factor associated with QOL. Structural equation model (SEM) approach was conducted to test the direct and indirect association between QOL influencing factors with QOL. Results The average QOL score of empty nesters was 63.34 (SD = 17.23). The multiple linear regression revealed that gender, age, education, monthly income, drinking status, exercise frequency, physical examination frequency, attention to daily nutritional health, relationship with a spouse and relationship with children were significant predictors of the empty nester’s QOL (P < 0.05) (R2 = 0.128). SEM showed that behavioral lifestyle had a direct effect on QOL (β = 0.446, P < 0.001). Socio-economic status had an indirect effect (β = 0.288, P < 0.001) on QOL through behavioral lifestyle. The family relationship had an indirect effect (β = 0.115, P < 0.001) on QOL. Conclusion Behavioral lifestyle was the strongest influencing factor in the quality of life among empty nesters, followed by socio-economic status and family relationships. Thus, maintaining a healthy behavioral lifestyle was important to improve the QOL of the empty nesters. Our findings provide a concrete and strong reference for the formulation of targeted intervention strategies.

Metalinguistic awareness mediates effects of full biliteracy on third-language reading proficiency in Turkish–German bilinguals

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique P. Rauch ◽  
Johannes Naumann ◽  
Nina Jude
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Reading Proficiency ◽  
Metalinguistic Awareness ◽  
School Students ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
L3 Acquisition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Turkish German

Bilingualism has been reported to be positively associated with both metalinguistic awareness and third-language (L3) acquisition. In the present research, the assumptions were tested that literacy in both first (L1) and second (L2) language (full biliteracy) is needed for bilingualism to be positively associated with L3 reading proficiency, and that positive effects of full biliteracy on L3 reading proficiency are mediated through metalinguistic awareness. L1, L2 and L3 reading proficiency and metalinguistic awareness were measured in 299 German and Turkish-German secondary school students. Overall, fully biliterate students outperformed monolingual and partially biliterate students in both L3 (Δ R2 = .07) and metalinguistic awareness (Δ R2 = .06). An effect of full biliteracy on L3 reading proficiency persisted when SES, gender, general cognitive ability and school track were controlled for. In addition, within the group of biliterate students, positive effects of the individual degree of biliteracy on L3 reading proficiency could be shown to be an indirect effect that was mediated through metalinguistic awareness.

scholarly journals Using the Exploration Factor Analysis (EFA) to Measure the Validity and Reliability for Da'wah Approach of Jemaah Tabligh

2019 ◽  
pp. 902-910
Author(s):  
Muhamud Salleh ◽  
Engku Ahmad Zaki Engku Alwi ◽  
Zamri Chik ◽  
Hanif Md Lateh ◽  
Zaizul Ab. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Study Population

The Jemaah Tabligh dakwah approach study uses quantitative studies based on the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to analyze the various relationships between variables in the model. This study aims to develop and verify the validity and reliability of the instrument using the Exploration Factor Analysis (EFA) to measure the construction of religious charities, religious knowledge, method of delivery and emotional intelligence in the field of dakwah. This study has adapted the instruments developed by some earlier researchers, and also modified some statements in accordance with current studies. Therefore, it is necessary to re-run the Analysis of Factor Analysis of the Exploration (EFA), as the current study area may differ from previous studies, or the current study population is far different from previous studies in terms of socio-economic status, ethnicity and culture (Awang, 2010). Overall, the findings revealed that 15 items were abolished after the EFA was implemented. Only the reduction of items for the construction of the Ibadah Amal only, is 15 items. This reduction is due to a number of things that have been built before, no longer suitable for current studies or there are different item structures in current studies compared to previous study structures. The researchers need to recalculate the value of Internal Indicators of the current instrument for the new Alpha Cronbach value. Based on Awang’s suggestion (2010; 2012), researchers decided to carry out the EFA re-item to measure the construction and in this study will be described in detail the procedure for conducting an EFA analysis for each construction.

Cross-linguistic influence in unbalanced bilingual heritage speakers on subsequent language acquisition: Evidence from pronominal object placement in ditransitive clauses

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1410-1430
Author(s):  
Eliane Lorenz ◽  
Richard J Bonnie ◽  
Kathrin Feindt ◽  
Sharareh Rahbari ◽  
Peter Siemund
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Word Order ◽  
English Word ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Third Language ◽  
L3 Acquisition ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Turkish German

Aims and objectives: The main objective of this study is to find evidence for the Linguistic Proximity Model, which allows for facilitative and non-facilitative cross-linguistic influence (CLI) from all previously known languages in third language (L3) acquisition. We target CLI in L3 English based on bilingual heritage speakers (Russian-German and Turkish-German) in comparison with second language acquisition of monolingual German speakers. Methodology: We examine the outcome of an English word order test. The participants produced sentences based on randomly ordered words. The focus of this study is the placement of direct and indirect pronominal objects with varying ditransitive verbs. Data analysis: 195 students in school years 7 and 9, separated into three language groups, participated in the study: German monolinguals ( nG7 = 47; nG9 = 64), Russian-German bilinguals ( nR7 = 19; nR9 = 30) and Turkish-German bilinguals ( nT7 = 19; nT9 = 16). The placement of pronominal objects in the sentence task is compared to results from equivalent word order tests in English, German, Russian and Turkish that were repeated with native speakers. Findings: We find some support for the Linguistic Proximity Model because the outcome shows that facilitative and non-facilitative CLI is possible from both the heritage language and the majority language. Determining factors are the background languages, the age of the participants and frequency. However, the majority language, German, displays the strongest influence of both background languages due to its dominant status. Originality: This study provides further support for the Linguistic Proximity Model, by using a sentence completion task with unbalanced bilingual heritage speakers. Significance/implications: We provide evidence for showing that both facilitative and non-facilitative influence from all previously known languages of bilingual heritage speakers is possible and verifiable. We therefore add to the field of L3 acquisition and the discussion about current models of CLI.

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