scholarly journals Running injuries in the participants of Ljubljana Marathon

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Vitez ◽  
Petra Zupet ◽  
Vesna Zadnik ◽  
Matej Drobnič
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Running Injuries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Running Injury

Abstract Introduction The aim of our study was to determine the self-reported incidence and prevalence of running-related injuries among participants of the 18th Ljubljana Marathon, and to identify risk factors for their occurrence. Methods A customized questionnaire was distributed over registration. Independent samples of t-test and chi-square test were used to calculate the differences in risk factors occurrence in the injured and non-injured group. Factors which appeared significantly more frequently in the injured group were included further into multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The reported lifetime running injury (absence >2 weeks) incidence was: 46% none, 47% rarely, 4% occasionally, and 2% often. Most commonly injured body regions were: knee (30%), ankle and Achilles’ tendon (24%), foot (15%), and calf (12%). Male gender, running history of 1-3 years, and history of previous injuries were risk factors for life-time running injury. In the season preceding the event, 65% of participants had not experienced any running injuries, 19% of them reported minor problems (max 2 weeks absenteeism), but 10% and 7% suffered from moderate (absence 3-4 weeks) or major (more than 4 weeks pause) injuries. BMI was identified as the solely risk factor. Conclusions This self-reported study revealed a 53% lifetime prevalence of running-related injuries, with the predominate involvement of knee, ankle and Achilles’ tendon. One out of three recreational runners experienced at least one minor running injury per season. It seems that male gender, short running experience, previous injury, and BMI do increase the probability for running-related injuries.

Risk Factors for Nonunion Following Ankle Arthrodesis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 193864002199849
Author(s):  
Sumit Patel ◽  
Lauren Baker ◽  
Jose Perez ◽  
Ettore Vulcano ◽  
Jonathan Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ankle Arthrodesis ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Open Injury ◽  
History Of

Background Nonunion is a postoperative complication after ankle arthrodesis (AA), which leads to increased morbidity and revision rates. Previous studies have identified risk factors for nonunion following AA, but no meta-analysis has been performed to stratify risk factors based on strength of evidence. Methods Abstracts and full-text articles were screened by 2 independent reviewers. Relevant data were extracted from the included studies. Random effects meta-analyses were summarized as forest plots of individual study and pooled random effect results. Results Database search yielded 13 studies involving 987 patients were included, and 37 potential risk factors for nonunion. Meta-analysis found 5 significant risk factors for nonunion post-AA. Strong evidence supports male gender (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.13-3.41), smoking (OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.23-6.76), and history of operative site infection prior to arthrodesis (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.13-5.09) as predictors for nonunion following AA. There was moderate evidence supporting history of open injury (OR: 5.95; 95% CI: 2.31-15.38) and limited evidence for preoperative avascular necrosis (OR: 13.16; 95% CI: 2.17-79.61) as possible risk factors for nonunion. Conclusion The results of our meta-analysis suggest that male gender, smoking, and history of operative site infection have strong evidence and that history of open injury and avascular necrosis also have evidence as risk factors for nonunion. Surgeons should be cognizant of these risks when performing AA and closely follow up with patients with the aforementioned risk factors to ensure postoperative success. Levels of Evidence: Level V: Systematic review of cohort and case-control studies

scholarly journals Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Haider ◽  
Ghosia Lutfullah ◽  
Irshad Ur Rehman ◽  
Irfan Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Objectives: The present study aims to identify the risk factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1(HIV-1) infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) population by comparing HIV-antibody positive cases with HIV-antibody-negative controls. Methods: The study was designed at the Family Care Centre (FCC), Hayatabad Medical Centre (HMC) Peshawar from February 2015 to December 2016. A total of 280 individuals were selected randomly for the study as cases and control. Data was collected on a structured questionnaire with informed oral consent. The collected data was analysed statistically using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 280 individuals, 56% were males, 44% were females, and 53.21% belonged to the urban areas. The literacy rate was 48.6%, and 75.4% were married. The statistical analysis of risk factors revealed the following factors as of significance value (p < 0.05). Family history of HIV (OR = 9.46), spouse status of HIV (OR=22.22), injection drug users (IDUs), migrants (OR=2.234), use of therapeutic injections (OR= 2.791), employment (OR=2.545), male gender (OR=2.35), tattooing (OR=7.667) and history of blood transfusion (OR= 2.69). Conclusion: The present study revealed spouse status of HIV, tattooing, migrants, IDUs, use of therapeutic injections, history of blood transfusion, male gender and employment as significant risk factors for HIV infection in the population of KP. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 How to cite this:Haider J, Lutfullah G, Irshad ur Rehman, Khattak I. Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Major clinical risk factors for seizures in febrile children aged 6 to 60 months.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 891-894
Author(s):  
Shahid Ishaq ◽  
Ejaz Mazari ◽  
Fazal ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Objectives: Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common type of seizures and typically transpire in children with ages from 6 to 60 months. This study was planned to find out major clinical risk factors for seizures in febrile children who were aged 6 to 60 months. A total of 100 febrile children aged 6 to 60. Study Design: Analytical Study. Setting: Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan. Period: From 1st April 2018 to 31st December 2018. Material & Methods: Group A had 40 children with febrile seizures while group B had 60 febrile children but without seizures. Demographic features along with family history of (H/O) epilepsy as well as family history of febrile seizure, types of seizure and infection diseases were noted and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Odds ratio was calculated for various risk factors. Chi square test was applied and P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of a total of 100 children, there were 54 (54.0%) male and 46 (46.0%) female. There was no statistical difference in terms of gender between the two groups (p value = 0.566). Overall, mean age of the children was 26.02 months with standard deviation of 13.4 months. There were 28 (70.0%) children who reported with simple seizures while complex seizures were found in 12 (30.0%) cases. Statistically significant difference (p value = 0.001) was seen in terms of types of infections between the two study groups. When risk of seizures for various risk factors was calculated, family H/O FS, family H/O epilepsy, and upper RTI were as 14, 7 and 3 times respectively and turned out to be the major risk factors for seizures in febrile children. Conclusions: Family H/O FS, family H/O epilepsy and upper RTIs are the major risk factors related with seizures in febrile children. Measures to prevent these risk factors can decrease the burden of FS in our population.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Biopsychosocial History and Clinical Profiles Following Concussion

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-765
Author(s):  
K Emami ◽  
A M Sufrinko ◽  
M W Collins ◽  
A P Kontos ◽  
E A Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Clinical Profiles

Abstract Purpose To determine if clinical risk factors (e.g., migraine history, motion sickness, concussion history) place an individual at risk for specific clinical profiles (e.g., posttraumatic migraine, vestibular) designated by a clinician following concussion. Methods Fifty (22M; 28F) symptomatic, concussed patients (17.02±3.14 years old) were evaluated within 21days post-injury. Demographics and medical history were obtained, including history of migraine, motion sickness, ADHD, learning disability (LD), oculomotor disorder, psychiatric diagnoses, and prior concussion. The presence of each clinical profile was determined by a clinician, based on synthesis of evaluation findings, including neurocognitive testing, symptom report, and vestibular/oculomotor screening results. Chi-square analyses were used to explore associations between risk factors and clinical profile post-injury. Results Chi-square analyses found that female sex was associated with increased odds (OR=5.25,95% CI[1.55, 17.77]) of vestibular clinical profile, X2(1, n=50)=7.55, p=.006. History of concussion was associated with increased odds (OR=7.10,95%CI[1.39,35.87]) of the PTM profile (X2[1, n=50]=6.56, p=.01) and increased odds (OR=9.85,95%CI[1.00,96.67]) of anxiety/mood profile (X2 1, n=50]=5.24, p=.022. Further, history of motion sickness was associated with increased odds OR=10.2,95%CI[1.2,86.69] of the PTM profile (X2[1, n=50]=6.11, p=.013). No other relationships were found. Conclusion Some clinical risk factors were associated with post-injury clinical profiles consistent with prior literature, while others were not. For example, females were more likely to have a vestibular profile. While motion sickness was associated with PTM, history of migraine was not. Concussion history, which has inconsistent findings for re-injury outcomes, was associated with increased likelihood of PTM and anxiety/mood profiles. Findings add to the literature supporting relationships among risk factors and clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Risk factors for pre-eclampsia among women at antenatal booking in Kano, Northern Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Yakasai ◽  
Imran O. Morhason-Bello
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
At Home

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is an important cause of maternal mortality. There have been several studies on risk factors assessment with conflicting reports across the globe on this disease; however, rigorous recent evaluation of these factors is uncommon in this region. The aim of the present study was to determine the risks factors in the early-onset PE in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano (Northern Nigeria). We conducted a case-control study in Nigeria between April 2009 and January 2010 to identify the risk factors associated with the early-onset PE in women attending antenatal clinic in AKTH. Information on socio-cultural characteristics, medical history, previous obstetrics history, level of stress at home, and type of family were obtained and recorded in a proforma designed for the study. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for PE at 95% confidence level. Pregnant women with early-onset PE (150 in each case and control group). Risk factors associated with increased risk of early-onset PE were: history of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E) in a previous pregnancy [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.09]; exposure to passive smoking (AOR 1.34); inadequate antenatal supervision (AOR 15.21); family history of hypertension in one or more 1st-degree relative (AOR 8.92); living in a joint family (AOR 6.93); overweight (120% to 150% of pre-pregnancy ideal body weight, AOR 4.65). Risk factors among women in Northern Nigeria are similar to those reported from other studies. Good antenatal cares, early detection, reduction of stressful conditions at home are the most important preventive measures of early-onset severe PE among these women.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Sindbis virus and associated risk factors in northern Sweden

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
pp. 1559-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. AHLM ◽  
M. ELIASSON ◽  
O. VAPALAHTI ◽  
M. EVANDER
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sindbis Virus ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

SUMMARYMosquito-borne Sindbis virus (SINV) cause disease characterized by rash, fever and arthritis which often leads to long-lasting arthralgia. To determine the seroprevalence of SINV and associated risk factors in northern Sweden, a randomly selected population aged between 25 and 74 years were invited to join the MONICA study. Serum from 1611 samples were analysed for specific IgG antibodies. Overall, 2·9% had IgG against SINV. More men (3·7%) than women (2·0%) were SINV seropositive (P = 0·047) and it was more common in subjects with a lower educational level (P = 0·013) and living in small, rural communities (P < 0·001). Seropositivity was associated with higher waist circumference (P = 0·1), elevated diastolic blood pressure (P = 0·037), and history of a previous stroke (P = 0·011). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for known risk factors for stroke, seropositivity for SINV was an independent predictor of having had a stroke (odds ratio 4·3, 95% confidence interval 1·4–13·0, P = 0·011).

scholarly journals Suspected Mechanisms in the Cause of Overuse Running Injuries: A Clinical Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reed Ferber ◽  
Alan Hreljac ◽  
Karen D Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Below The Knee ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Running Injuries ◽  
Foot Pronation ◽  
Running Injury ◽  
Definition Of

Context: Various epidemiological studies have estimated that up to 70% of runners sustain an overuse running injury each year. Although few overuse running injuries have an established cause, more than 80% of running-related injuries occur at or below the knee, which suggests that some common mechanisms may be at work. The question then becomes, are there common mechanisms related to overuse running injuries? Evidence Acquisition: Research studies were identified via the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE PsycInfo, and CINAHL (1980–July 2008). Inclusion was based on evaluation of risk factors for overuse running injuries. Results: A majority of the risk factors that have been researched over the past few years can be generally categorized into 2 groups: atypical foot pronation mechanics and inadequate hip muscle stabilization. Conclusion: Based on the review of literature, there is no definitive link between atypical foot mechanics and running injury mechanisms. The lack of normative data and a definition of typical foot structure has hampered progress. In contrast, a large and growing body of literature suggests that weakness of hip-stabilizing muscles leads to atypical lower extremity mechanics and increased forces within the lower extremity while running.

scholarly journals False Positive Rates and Associated Risk Factors on the VOMS and mBESS in U.S. Military Personnel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Kontos ◽  
MAJ Katrina Monti ◽  
Shawn R. Eagle ◽  
MAJ Eliot Thomasma ◽  
Cyndi L. Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Context: In 2018, the U.S. military developed the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation-2 (MACE-2) to inform acute evaluation of mTBI. However, researchers have yet to investigate false positive rates for components of the MACE-2 including the Vestibular-Ocular Motor Screen (VOMS) and modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) in military personnel. Objective: To examine factors associated with false positives in VOMS and mBESS in U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) personnel. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Military medical clinic. Participants: 416 healthy USASOC personnel completed medical history, VOMS, and mBESS evaluations. Main Outcome Measures: False positive rates for the VOMS (2+ on VOMS symptom item, ≥ 5 cm for near point of convergence [NPC] distance) and mBESS (total score &gt;4) were determined using chi-square analyses and independent samples t-tests. Multivariable logistic regressions (LR) with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were performed to identify risk factors for false positives on VOMS and mBESS. VOMS items false positive rates ranged from 10.6% (smooth pursuits) to 17.5% (NPC). mBESS total score false positive rate was 36.5%. Results: The multivariable LR model supported three significant predictors of VOMS false positives including age (OR= 1.07, 95% CI= 1.02–1.12, p=0.007), migraine (OR=2.49, 95% CI= 1.29–4.81, p=0.007), and motion sickness history (OR=2.46, 95% CI= 1.34–4.50, p=0.004). Results of the multivariable LR model supported only motion sickness history as a significant predictor (OR=2.34, 95% CI= 1.34–4.05, p=0.002) of mBESS false positives. Conclusions: There were low false positive rates across VOMS items, which were associated with age, history of mTBI, migraine, and motion sickness. False positives for the mBESS total score were higher (36.5%) and were only associated with a history of motion sickness. These risk factors for false positives should be considered when administering and interpreting VOMS and mBESS components of the MACE-2 in this population.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY, TWIN-PREGNANCY AND PREVIOUS HISTORY OF PREECLAMPSIA WITH PREECLAMPSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Riani Widia Parantika ◽  
Gatut Hardianto ◽  
Muhammad Miftahussurur ◽  
Wahyul Anis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia can threaten the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy and childbirth, besides that it also increases the risk of long-term complications and has the potential to cause death. The incidence of preeclampsia at the RSUD Engku Haji Daud Tanjung Uban showed an increase in the last three years, namely the occurrence from 2017 as many as 23 cases to 56 cases in 2019. The condition of preeclampsia can worsen quickly and without warning, for that, it must be detected and managed appropriately. This study aimed to identify the association of obesity, multiple pregnancies, and previous history of preeclampsia with the incidence of preeclampsia in maternity women. Methods: This study uses a case-control study design. Performed on women giving birth in the period January – December 2019, consisting of 56 cases and 112 controls. Maternal women with preeclampsia were cases and women who were not diagnosed with preeclampsia were controls. The data was obtained from the respondents' medical records, then analyzed using the Chi-Square test or Fisher's Exact test with a value of = 0,05. Results: Obesity was associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia (OR= 4,746, 95% CI 2,381-9,460; P=0,000). Multiple pregnancies were associated with a significantly increased risk of preeclampsia (OR=15,857, 95% CI 1,899-132,384; P=0,002). Likewise, a previous history of preeclampsia was associated with a markedly increased risk of preeclampsia (OR=99,000, 95% CI 22,057-444,343; P=0,000). Conclusion: Based on these data, it was found that obesity, multiple pregnancies, and previous history of preeclampsia were significant risk factors for the occurrence of preeclampsia. It is important to identify risk factors for preeclampsia early, so that appropriate management can be carried out, to prevent complications.

scholarly journals Ankle-brachial Index and associated factors in individuals with coronary artery disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413
Author(s):  
Saulo Henrique Salgueiro de Aquino ◽  
Isabelle Tenório Melo ◽  
Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza ◽  
Francisco de Assis Costa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Family History ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artery Disease

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Analyzing the association between ABI and the main risk factors for coronary artery disease in coronary patients. METHODS Were selected 156 adult patients from a hospital in Maceió, Alagoas. Were evaluated with risk factors age, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and dyslipidemia. PAOD screening was performed by the ankle-brachial index (ABI). The Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests were used. Confidence Interval of 95% and a significance of 5%. RESULTS 67.3% (n=105) males, 52.6% (n=82) elderly, 23.1% (n = 34) obese, 72.4% 6% (n=113) hypertensive, 34.6% (n=54) diabetics, 53.2% (n=83) smokers, 34.6% (n=54) dyslipidemic and 70.5% (n=110) with a family history of CAD. 16.7% (n=26) of the individuals presented PAOD. Three factors were associated with PAOD: age group ≥ 60 years (OR:3.656; p=0.005), diabetes mellitus (OR:2.625; p=0.024) and hypertension (OR:5.528; p=0.008). No significant difference was observed in the variables smoking, dyslipidemia, family history of CAD, and obesity. CONCLUSION The independent risk factors for PAOD were age, diabetes mellitus, and systemic arterial hypertension.

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