scholarly journals Prinzipien der Sprachwahl im Tourismus, mit Schwerpunkt auf sprachlicher Höflichkeit

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Ulrich Ammon
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Local Language ◽  
International Standing ◽  
Face Saving

Abstract After defining the concept of ‚tourist‘ and distinguishing ‚inbound tourists‘ from ‚outbound tourists‘, the article focuses on questions of politeness towards tourists who are seen and treated as customers of their goals’ tourist industry. One possibility of treating them politely is the adequate language choice with respect to their mother tongue, I which they will, as a rule expect to be addressed, if it is a language of considerable international standing (e.g. French or German) or spoken by many tourists in the respective location. Otherwise they will consider it at least more polite to be addressed in a lingua franca, mostly English, than in the local language of the tourist destination. Tourist will find it particularly polite to be addressed in their own mother language if it does not rank among the more international languages. These hypotheses are deduced from well-founded politeness theories based on face-saving and identity assumptions and are illustrated by examples in order to show ways of further empirical corroboration or falsification.

Linguistic diversity in the international workplace: Language ideologies and processes of exclusion

Multilingua ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorte Lønsmann
Keyword(s):  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Essential Connection ◽  
Modern Workplace

AbstractThis article draws on a study of language choice and language ideologies in an international company in Denmark. It focuses on the linguistic and social challenges that are related to the diversity of language competences among employees in the modern workplace. Research on multilingualism at work has shown that employees may be excluded from informal interactions and from access to power structures on the basis of language skills in the company’s language(s). The data discussed here show that in the modern workplace, employees’ linguistic competences are diverse; international employees often have competence in the company’s lingua franca but lack skills in the local language while some ‘local’ employees lack competence in the corporate language (typically English). This can lead to the sociolinguistic exclusion of either group. In conclusion, the article relates these processes of exclusion to two language ideologies: one about an essential connection between language and nation and one about a hierarchy of English users.

Nacionālā valoda zinātnē: Latvijas piemērs

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-52
Author(s):  
Agnese Dubova ◽  
Diāna Laiveniece ◽  
Egita Proveja ◽  
Baiba Egle
Keyword(s):  
Online Community ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
National Language ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Scientific Excellence ◽  
Language Of Science

The aim of the paper is to show and describe the current situation in the Latvian scientific language based on a case study of the problem about the place of a national language and its existence in science in modern globalised time, when the dominance of English as the lingua franca of science grows. More specifically, the paper analyses the November 2019 conceptual plans of the Latvian Ministry of Education and Science about a new concept of doctoral study programmes that would lean towards using English as the doctoral dissertation language in hopes for scientific excellence, and the public reaction and opinion on this concept. The descriptive method is used within the paper, including the contemporary literature review focused on the language of science globally, issues of multilingualism and glocalization, and the problems caused by these issues. Via empirical discourse content analysis, the authors looked at various documents, including Latvian law that governs the rights and rules of the Latvian language use in various contexts. They examined a wide array of mainly online content and diverse online community discourse related to the question of what language should be used (Latvian or English) within the doctoral dissertation process. For a comparison of the situation, the paper also provides a brief insight into the regulation of the language used in the development of dissertations in Lithuania. During the study, 21 different sources, that is, articles posted on various Latvian news media sites and 304 online user comments, predominantly anonymous, under these articles relating to the issue of language choice in doctoral dissertations were analysed. All the mentioned sources, to a greater or lesser extent, discussed the issue of what place Latvian has as a language of science and whether English should be the dominant language in doctoral studies, what implications the choice and usage of a language could have, and what far-reaching impact this might have on science, education, and society. The material revealed a breadth of opinions, depending on what group a person is more likely to represent, ranging from the Ministry stance to organisations and the general public. Some had a very pro-English stance, and some showed significant concern for the Latvian language. The main trend in online community user opinions could be condensed as such: there is a variety of language choices for a doctoral dissertation – a dissertation written in Latvian; a dissertation written in English; or leaving the language choice up to the doctoral student. This would ensure that the language choice fits the doctoral students’ goals and field of research. Making English mandatory would not likely lead to guarantee scientific excellence as what matters is the research content itself, not the language used. The national language in science is a current and important issue in Latvia, as there is a need for state language use in a scientific register, and this usage should be developed further. The Ministry document discussed is still a draft report, and it is not yet known what final decisions on the PhD process and dissertation language will be taken by policymakers in the future. This paper shows that language choice and use in science is not just a matter for scholars and PhD candidates, but an issue that can and does gain interest from various groups of society and gets discussed online in multiple ways, allowing people to express their opinion on policy and societal issues. Latvian is a scientific language, and it has a place within the international scientific discourse, and it should not be made to step aside for the dominant lingua franca.

scholarly journals The Socio-Linguistic Paradox of Goa

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Filipe F. R. Thomaz
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
The State ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Local Language

Abstract This article sets out to explore the socio-linguistic situation of Goa, a small territory corresponding to the former district of Goa of the Portuguese Estado da Índia, occupied and annexed by India in 1961. Goa had to choose between local language, Konkani, and the language of the neighbouring state of Maharashtra, i. e., Marathi, which was traditionally used as a cultural language by the Hindus of Goa, who nowadays form the large majority of the population. Even if virtually every Goan is able to speak Konkani, this was, according to recent statistics, the mother tongue of only 61 % of the population of the state, the rest being forms by people from other parts of India, who migrated here. This phenomenon explains the feeble proportion of Konkani speakers in the total population of the state, which favours the resort to English as a means of communication and explains why Konkani only keeps an elevated status in churches, where it is currently used for praying and preaching. Drawing upon historical facts, but also on socio-linguistic consideration, we will try to explain this paradox.

scholarly journals English as an Interactional Resource for Doing Being Academically Competent: Student Practices in Group Meetings

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Dalby Kristiansen
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Academic Competence ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Project Group ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Linguistic Practices ◽  
Group Meetings

An increasing number of Nordic university programmes are offered in English. Consequently, students are expected to carry out academic activities in English rather than the local language. Through ethnomethodological conversation analysis of video recordings of student project group meetings, this article explores how students orient to English in their everyday academic and linguistic practices, focusing on students’ orientations to language proficiency and language choice as resources for displaying academic competence and literacy.

scholarly journals The perceptions of translanguaging through English as a lingua franca among international students in Korean higher education

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-87
Author(s):  
Jaewon Jane Ra
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South Africa ◽  
International Students ◽  
Ethnographic Methods ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Korean Higher Education ◽  
First Languages

Abstract This article explores how translanguaging is perceived by a group of international students at a Korean university where not only different first languages (L1) and English (L2) are involved in the students’ daily lives but also the local language (L3) holds an important role in the community. Using ethnographic methods, four participants from Japan, Lithuania, Malaysia and South Africa were regularly observed and interviewed in-depth during one academic semester. The findings reveal that the participants had conflicting views towards translanguaging pertaining to their underlying ideologies, that is, whether they considered it as a struggle to use a language or as something natural, fun and cosmopolitan. However, it has been confirmed from this study that whether the participants were positive or negative about translanguaging, it inevitably happened in their daily lives which tells us that the multilingual phenomenon in the field of ELF is worth researching further.

scholarly journals An Analytical Model of Tourist Destination Development and Characteristics of the Development Stages: Example of the Island of Bornholm

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6989
Author(s):  
Adam R. Szromek
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The 1960S

This paper presents the basis of the tourism area life cycle (TALC) concept and its extension in the context of the implementation of sustainable development practices in the tourist business model. The author uses the logistic function to determine the level of tourist absorption and capacity. The empirical basis of the methods used was statistics on the development of the tourist industry on Bornholm. The objective of the paper is to determine the stage of development of the tourist area of Bornholm and the consequences of this stage for business models of tourist enterprises functioning there. The results of the analysis indicate that the range of tourist absorption was reached in the 1960s–1970s, and that it is currently getting closer to the upper threshold of that range. Tourism on Bornholm, in line with the TALC concept, is currently in the stabilization stage. Future tourist trends on Bornholm depend on many factors; however, if tourist development goes into the decline stage, the offered products may require transformation, in terms of both transport and the form and availability of tourist attractions. Perhaps this will involve a total transformation of the island into a facility with a specific entertainment, leisure, or business profile. The listed solutions will require entrepreneurs to react within the scope of a transformation of their business models into sustainable models of tourist business.

Is ELF a variety of English?

English Today ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Prodromou
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis article discusses recent attempts to describe English as a lingua franca (ELF). In it, I will consider claims made for ELF as a variety of English ‘with a life of its own’, which is said to be emerging among users of English for whom it is not their mother tongue. I examine a number of weaknesses in the case made for ELF by a school of thinking in mainland Europe, focusing on: the role of the native speaker in ELF; the relationship between ELF and Standard English; and the search for a grammatical common core for contexts in which English is used as an international lingua franca. The article draws on research which suggests that the aspect of Standard English which may be inappropriate for ELF is not in the grammatical system but the area of idiomaticity. I conclude with a consideration of the pedagogic implications of the ELF debate.

Woordkeuze Marokkaans-Arabisch en Modern Standaard Arabisch in het Eerste Jaar van het Programma Opstap-Opnieuw voor Marokkaanse Kinderen

1998 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Jan Jaap de Ruiter
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
First Year ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Moroccan Arabic ◽  
Moroccan Children ◽  
Target Children ◽  
Modern Standard

The two-year Opstap-Opnieuw programme is a programme to stimulate children aged 4-6 years in their cognitive, social and linguistic development. The 'Arabic' version of the programme, which is directed at Moroccan children, consists of texts written in Modern Standard Arabic and tapes containing recordings in Moroccan Arabic and Berber. The article investigates whether the words used in the first year of the programme link up with the proficiency of Moroccan children in their mother tongue and whether the language choice based on which the programme is developed is a suitable one. The outcomes of the analyses show that the lexical level of the programme is relatively high for the target children but not too high. Furthermore it shows that the multilingual language choice of the programme seems acceptable although the original choice in favour of the Moroccan Arabic dialect is to be preferred.

scholarly journals The Choice of Codes among Santri in Communication through Facebook

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Eka Susylowati
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Research Analysis

The era of modernization of social media has always been associated with teenagers, especially those on Facebook. This social media can be used as a medium to show their existence. The language used for communication interactions varies. The purpose of this study is to identify the choice of language codes used by students in the Islamic Modern Assalaam Islamic Boarding School in Indonesia in their communication interactions. This research is a qualitative in nature. The data under investigation are students’ conversations on Facebook, which are particularly related to the choice of codes. Data collection includes observation, field notes, and interviews. This research analysis employs the components of the Hymes (SPEAKING) speech. The research results demonstrate that the choice of language codes used by students to communicate in social media involves Indonesian, Arabic, English, and Javanese. The development of technology can make communication effective for students. Besides, that can drive the changes in behavior and language they use. The significance of this research is that there are bilingualism/multilingualism phenomena through the use of Indonesian, Arabic, and English, which is proven not to shift the local language (Javanese), let alone destroying local language as a mother tongue.

Multilingualism and ethnic stereotypes: The Tariana of northwest Amazonia

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRA Y. AIKHENVALD
Keyword(s):  
Language Choice ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
National Language ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Language Group ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Better Than

Tariana is spoken by about 100 people in the multilingual area of the Vaupés basin in northwest Amazonia (Brazil). Other languages spoken in the area are members of the East Tucanoan subgroup, with its most numerous representative, the Tucano language, rapidly gaining ground as a lingua franca. Also spoken are Makú languages; Baniwa, an Arawak language spoken on the fringes of the area and closely related to Tariana; and Portuguese, the national language. The area is known for its language group exogamy and institutionalized multilingualism, with its language being the badge of identity for each group. Language choice is motivated by power relationship and by status, and there are strict rules for code-switching. Inserting bits of other languages while speaking Tariana (“code-mixing”) has different consequences that mirror existing ethnic stereotypes. Code-mixing with Tucano is considered a “language violation”; using elements of Baniwa is considered funny, while mixing different Tariana dialects implies that one “cannot speak Tariana properly.” Overusing Portuguese is associated with the negative image of an Indian who tries to be better than his peers.

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