scholarly journals The Socio-Linguistic Paradox of Goa

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Filipe F. R. Thomaz
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
The State ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Local Language

Abstract This article sets out to explore the socio-linguistic situation of Goa, a small territory corresponding to the former district of Goa of the Portuguese Estado da Índia, occupied and annexed by India in 1961. Goa had to choose between local language, Konkani, and the language of the neighbouring state of Maharashtra, i. e., Marathi, which was traditionally used as a cultural language by the Hindus of Goa, who nowadays form the large majority of the population. Even if virtually every Goan is able to speak Konkani, this was, according to recent statistics, the mother tongue of only 61 % of the population of the state, the rest being forms by people from other parts of India, who migrated here. This phenomenon explains the feeble proportion of Konkani speakers in the total population of the state, which favours the resort to English as a means of communication and explains why Konkani only keeps an elevated status in churches, where it is currently used for praying and preaching. Drawing upon historical facts, but also on socio-linguistic consideration, we will try to explain this paradox.

Culture versus the State? The “Defend-My-Mother-Tongue” Protests in Guangzhou

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
Wing-Chung Ho ◽  
Jian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
The State

scholarly journals Nationally undeclared and undecided persons in Vojvodina in 2002

2006 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Ivan Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Municipal Level

The results of the 2002 census pointed out to an enormous increase in the number of inhabitants who were nationally undeclared or undecided. In the inter-census period 1991-2002, this population group increased for more than ten times (from 5 054 to 55 016). According to the share in the total population of Vojvodina (2.71%), they are - along with the Croats (2.78%) and the Slovaks (2.79%) - located immediately after the most numerous nationalities, the Serbs and the Hungarians. The paper analyzes the basic demographic characteristics (gender and age structure) of the undeclared and undecided persons, as well as the differences and similarities with other nationalities. The paper also presents the unequal spatial distribution of that population (at the settlement and municipal level), pointing out the interdependence between a great number of Yugoslavs and the enormous increase in the persons who were nationally undeclared or undecided. Using the features mother tongue and religion, the author tried to establish the relative relation between the number of the nationally undeclared and the number of nationally undecided persons.

WOMEN ENTREPRENUER, CHALLENGES IN BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT IN KHAIRPUR MIRS- SINDH-PAKISTAN

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Nadeem Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Memon ◽  
AISHA BASHIR SHAH ◽  
Faiz M. Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Business Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
Private And Public

This research investigates the entrepreneurship development and employment in Khairpur Mirs. Data were collected from 2000 respondents from Khairpur Mirs and their vicinity. A structural questionnaire was developed for the reliability and validity of the data. It was revealed that Khairpur Mirs is facing unemployment problems like other states of Pakistan. The number of population increases every year but the state government cannot provide jobs to all the citizens. Unemployment gives different negative impact to the state economy in particular and the country economy in general. However, government had taken up various measures to reduce unemployment problems but it increases rather than minimising it. It was further revealed that only 3.13 percent out of total population who got employment in the state private and public sectors. This shows that the total number of employments in the state is very less. The result may be due to various factors but it is clearly concluded that the getting employment in Khairpur Mirs- Sindh-Pakistan is a problematic issue that hinder the growth of state economy.

scholarly journals I am More Chinese than You: Online Narratives of Locals and Migrants in Singapore

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Ang
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
The State ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
United Front

Migrants from mainland China now make up nearly a million of Singapore’s total population of 5.4 million, an influx unprecedented since the nineteenth century. This has compelled both locals and migrants to (re)think their Chinese-ness. Simultaneously, the state produces its hegemonic version of Chinese-ness with Mandarin as an important signifier. This discourse has been increasingly challenged by residents with the advent of the internet as a platform for alternative views. This article suggests that by endorsing Singaporean state discourse that defines Chinese authenticity as Mandarin proficiency, Chinese migrants deride Chinese-Singaporeans as less Chinese, and therein less Singaporean. In defence, Chinese-Singaporeans appear to present a united front by deriding Chinese migrants’ deficiency in the English language. I argue that, to the contrary, Chinese-Singaporeans’ online narratives show fragmentation within the group.

scholarly journals The Choice of Codes among Santri in Communication through Facebook

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Eka Susylowati
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Research Analysis

The era of modernization of social media has always been associated with teenagers, especially those on Facebook. This social media can be used as a medium to show their existence. The language used for communication interactions varies. The purpose of this study is to identify the choice of language codes used by students in the Islamic Modern Assalaam Islamic Boarding School in Indonesia in their communication interactions. This research is a qualitative in nature. The data under investigation are students’ conversations on Facebook, which are particularly related to the choice of codes. Data collection includes observation, field notes, and interviews. This research analysis employs the components of the Hymes (SPEAKING) speech. The research results demonstrate that the choice of language codes used by students to communicate in social media involves Indonesian, Arabic, English, and Javanese. The development of technology can make communication effective for students. Besides, that can drive the changes in behavior and language they use. The significance of this research is that there are bilingualism/multilingualism phenomena through the use of Indonesian, Arabic, and English, which is proven not to shift the local language (Javanese), let alone destroying local language as a mother tongue.

scholarly journals Verskillende scenario’s met die oog op privaat-kerkskool, staatsondersteunde en staatskool in ’n veranderende onderwysbedeling

1994 ◽  
Vol 50 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J.S. Steenkamp
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
High Standard ◽  
The State ◽  
Community Schools ◽  
Community School ◽  
Supplementary Education ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Schools

Models of education in the new South Africa: Private church schools or state-aided community schools? The Nederduitsch Hervormde Church sees the basis of teaching and education to be a mother-tongue Christian education, culturally directed and of a high standard. Apart from the role of the Church, the state also has a responsibility towards the education of the child. This responsibility cannot be evaded. In the heterogeneous composition of the South African population, community schools are the obvious solution. The state-supported community school is cheaper than private or church schools, and at the same time it gives the state the attractive option of having the parents make a greater financial contribution to these schools. The statesupported community school, moreover, provides a worid-wide recognized model, founded on healthy and accredited educational principles. Nevertheless, very necessary and unavoidable adaption to this model has seriously to be considered by the church, by means of the continued and supplementary education of teachers in their thoughts and their outlook on life.

PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA DAERAH SEBAGAI WAHANA PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BANGSA (LEARNING REGIONAL LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE AS A MEANS OF EDUCATION OF NATIONAL CHARACTER)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
A. Syukur Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Regional Literature ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Political Idea ◽  
The Government ◽  
Moral Stance ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractLearning Regional Language and Literature as a Means of Education of NationalCharacter. Learning the language and literature to be a vehicle for cultural educationand the nation’s character is based on the view that language and literature has thepotential to become an institution that gives hope for people to talk about the ultimatereality of life. An imaginative literary works offer a rich selection of possibilities aboutthe structure of complex life. Michael Novak (Lickona, 1991: 50) states that the elementsforming the moral attitude can be traced to religious traditions, literature-based storiesof local culture (indegeneous), policy advice (sage), and a view of life that flows figureshereditary historically through discourse language and literature. More than that, themight of the local language as the medium of education has been proved empirically byIndia and Thailand who use writing as writing Hindi and Thai official. Even Singh(2010), an international seminar on retention native language, India explains that thestate establish a political idea, not a linguistically formulated Hindi language. Thisdesignation aims to make the “mother tongue Becomes a rallying point for groups ofpeople to unite and express their solidarity more as a political entity.” Therefore, theintention of the government to establish policies and conduct conservation programs inthe local language of each province, as well as through literature, is key to theimplementation of this idea.Keywords: literature as forming the moral stance, regional literature, governmentgoodwillAbstrakPembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Daerah sebagai Wahana Pendidikan KarakterBangsa. Pembelajaran bahasa dan sastra untuk menjadi wahana pendidikan budayadan karakter bangsa didasarkan pada pandangan bahwa bahasa dan sastra berpotensiuntuk menjadi institusi yang memberi harapan bagi manusia untuk berbicara tentangrealitas kehidupan yang hakiki. Karya sastra merupakan tawaran imajinatif yang kayadengan pilihan kemungkinan tentang struktur kehidupan yang kompleks. Michael Novak(Lickona, 1991: 50) menyatakan bahwa unsur pembentuk sikap moral bisa dilacakdari tradisi keagamaan, cerita sastra berbasis kebudayaan lokal (indegeneous), nasihatkebijakan (sage), dan pandangan hidup tokoh yang mengalir secara turun-temurunsecara historis melalui wacana bahasa dan sastra. Lebih dari itu, keperkasaan bahasadaerah sebagai medium pendidikan telah dibuktikan secara empirik oleh India danThailand yang menggunakan tulisan Hindi dan Thai sebagai tulisan resmi negara.Bahkan Singh (2010), dalam seminar internasional tentang pemertahanan bahasa ibu,menjelaskan bahwa negara India menetapkan gagasan politis, bukan merumuskanbahasa Hindi secara linguistik. Penetapan ini bertujuan untuk menjadikan “mother20tongue becomes a rallying point for group of people to unite and express their solidaritymore as a political entity”. Oleh karena itu, niat baik pemerintah untuk menetapkankebijakan dan melakukan program pelestarian bahasa daerah di wilayah propinsimasing-masing, juga melalui sastra, merupakan kunci bagi terlaksananya gagasanini.Kata-kata kunci: sastra sebagai pembentuk sikap moral, sastra daerah, niat baikpemerintah

scholarly journals Trayectorias recientes de la migración interna en la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey: características, orígenes y destinos a nivel municipal, 2010 / Recent internal migration trajectories in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey: Characteristics, origins and destinations at the municipal level, 2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Elmyra Ybáñez Zepeda ◽  
César Barboza Lara
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
The State ◽  
Nuevo Leon ◽  
Nuevo León ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Municipal Level

El Censo de Población y Vivienda del 2010 destacó a Nuevo León como la entidad con la mayor proporción de migración municipal en relación al total de su población (10.6%), superando inclusive al Estado de México y al Distrito Federal. El objetivo de este artículo consiste en analizar la dinámica migratoria reciente en la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey a escala municipal. Los resultados remiten a tres hallazgos principales: los municipios de origen y destino indican un flujo del centro a la periferia; el patrón migratorio predominante es intrametropolitano; y el perfil sociodemográfico de los inmigrantes presenta diferencias por municipio.AbstractThe 2010 Population and Housing Census cites Nuevo León as the state with the largest proportion of municipal migration in relation to the total population (10.6%), surpassing the State of Mexico and Mexico City. The aim of this paper is to analyze the recent migration dynamics in the Monterrey metropolitan area at the municipal level. The results yield three main findings: the municipalities of origin and destination indicate a flow from the center to the periphery; the predominant migration pattern is intrametropolitan; and the socio-demographic profile of immigrants differs by municipality.

scholarly journals Grundtvigs folkelighedsbegreb

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Balder Mørk Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Principal Method ◽  
Point Of Departure

Grundtvigs folkelighedsbegreb[Grundtvig's Concept of ’Folkelighed’]By Balder Mork AndersenWith Grundtvig’s own writings underpinning a dialogue with previous commentators, the article seeks to clarify elements in, and the significance of, Grundtvig’s concept offolkelighed. This then makes possible an assessment of the compass and the spectrum within which his thinking on nationhood developed. The principal method here has been to take as a point of departure the degree of influence exerted by the German philosophers Herder and Hegel who had earlier nurtured ideas concerning folk and fatherland.Analysis of the concept of folkelighed is made against the background of a survey of three separate, yet at the same time linked, chief components in Grundtvig’s conceptual world: folkeand, fadreland and modersmal [‘folk-spirit’, ‘fatherland’, ‘mother-tongue’]. Folkeand is perceived as the basic understanding of an idea of communality which must be constantly alive and alert in heart and in mind. Grundtvig requires that the folk opens itself up and embrace communality, though in such a way as not to curtail individuality.In the modersmal, the folkeand finds the optimum means of manifesting itself. For Grundtvig, the national and native language is the embodiment, tool and articulation of the folkeand, and without it no nation can flourish. At the same time, a feeling for the mother-tongue is for Grundtvig a crucial precondition for being Danish. On this point Grundtvig displays throughout his adult life a consistency of thinking in contrast to most other areas where his self-critical revaluations make it difficult to view him as a systematic thinker.The evolution of his thinking about the fadreland was somewhat characterised by changeability, in tandem with historical developments in the country. However, it is certainly the case that for Grundtvig love of the fadreland was a basis for the love of God and therefore that which legitimised cultivation of nationalism. He was fully aware that a selfsacrificing love of the fadreland could manifest itself in ethnocentric form; but this does not prevent one from justly pointing to instances where Grundtvig himself loses this focus and allows the culture of nationalism to take on a negative expression. It is, for example, problematic when he mixes politics and religion together and uses Christianity to legitimise acts of war.This notwithstanding, the overall picture affirms that Grundtvig basically found that there was no justification for exercising spiritualintellectual violence against people of a different nationality and that physical violence could be resorted to only when the country was threatened by aggressors. Thus his nationalistic thinking is of a polycentric character and closely tied to that of J. G. Herder.All in all, folkelighed is to be seen as a spiritual-intellectual and historical communality of values where all make their contributions and nurture feelings for the state of the nation, past, present and future. When the three strains - folkeand, fadreland and modersmal – sounded together in harmony, then, for Grundtvig, there could be talk of an authentic Danish folkelighed.

scholarly journals Cryptic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Washington State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Bedford ◽  
Alexander L. Greninger ◽  
Pavitra Roychoudhury ◽  
Lea M. Starita ◽  
Michael Famulare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Washington State ◽  
The State ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Local Spread ◽  
The World

AbstractFollowing its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late November or early December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has rapidly spread throughout the world. Genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 strains allows for the reconstruction of transmission history connecting these infections. Here, we analyze 346 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from samples collected between 20 February and 15 March 2020 from infected patients in Washington State, USA. We found that the large majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections sampled during this time frame appeared to have derived from a single introduction event into the state in late January or early February 2020 and subsequent local spread, indicating cryptic spread of COVID-19 before active community surveillance was implemented. We estimate a common ancestor of this outbreak clade as occurring between 18 January and 9 February 2020. From genomic data, we estimate an exponential doubling between 2.4 and 5.1 days. These results highlight the need for large-scale community surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 and the power of pathogen genomics to inform epidemiological understanding.

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